Background:
Today,
the
biggest
threat
to
mammalian
predators
with
wide
distribution
areas
is
habitats
fragmentation
or
changing
climate
conditions.
We
aimed
reveal
habitat
suitability
modeling
and
mapping
of
Brown
bear,
which
an
important
large
mammal
in
Turkey's
borders,
under
change
climate.
The
modelling
was
determined
using
present
(2010)
future
(2040-2070-2100)
chelsa
scenarios
(IPSL-CM6A-LR
SSP126-SSP370-SSP585)
Maxent
method
data
obtained
by
examining
all
studies
on
bear.
Then,
result
values
for
different
years
were
classified
as
0.5
unsuitable
habitats,
0.51-0.8
suitable
0.81-1.0
most
habitats.
Results:
that
variables
contributing
model
bear
are
annual
precipitation
amount,
average
air
temperature,
amount
wettest
month,
ruggedness
elevation.
According
results
scenarios;
have
a
minimum
14.87%
study
area
today,
12.56%
2040
year,
10.93%
2070
year
8.24%
2100
year.
SSP585
scenario
decreases
approximately
45%.
Also,
envelope
created
MaxEnt
revealed,
endangered
Conclusion:
Therefore,
these
will
be
source
information
sustainability
extinction
pre-protection
existing
potential
reducing
impact
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
97(5), С. 1930 - 1947
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022
ABSTRACT
Disturbances
alter
biodiversity
via
their
specific
characteristics,
including
severity
and
extent
in
the
landscape,
which
act
at
different
temporal
spatial
scales.
Biodiversity
response
to
disturbance
also
depends
on
community
characteristics
habitat
requirements
of
species.
Untangling
mechanistic
interplay
these
factors
has
guided
ecology
for
decades,
generating
mixed
scientific
evidence
responses
disturbance.
Understanding
impact
natural
disturbances
is
increasingly
important
due
human‐induced
changes
regimes.
In
many
areas,
major
forest
disturbances,
such
as
wildfires,
windstorms,
insect
outbreaks,
are
becoming
more
frequent,
intense,
severe,
widespread
climate
change
land‐use
change.
Conversely,
suppression
threatens
disturbance‐dependent
biota.
Using
a
meta‐analytic
approach,
we
analysed
global
data
set
(with
most
sampling
concentrated
temperate
boreal
secondary
forests)
species
assemblages
26
taxonomic
groups,
plants,
animals,
fungi
collected
from
forests
affected
by
outbreaks.
The
overall
effect
α‐diversity
did
not
differ
significantly
zero,
but
some
groups
responded
positively
disturbance,
while
others
tended
respond
negatively.
Disturbance
was
beneficial
preferring
conditions
associated
with
open
canopies
(e.g.
hymenopterans
hoverflies),
whereas
ground‐dwelling
and/or
typically
shady
epigeic
lichens
mycorrhizal
fungi)
were
likely
be
negatively
impacted
Across
all
highest
disturbed
patches
occurred
under
moderate
severity,
i.e.
approximately
55%
trees
killed
We
further
extended
our
meta‐analysis
applying
unified
diversity
concept
based
Hill
numbers
estimate
across
gradient
measured
stand
scale
incorporating
other
features.
found
that
number
q
=
0
1
2,
indicating
diversity–disturbance
relationships
shaped
relative
abundances.
Our
synthesis
disturbance‐induced
assemblages,
revealed
β‐diversity
multiple
level
(birds
woody
plants).
Finally,
used
rarefaction/extrapolation
function
proportion
disturbed,
landscape
scale.
comparison
intact
naturally
both
types
provide
unique
mixture
undisturbed
peaked
intermediate
values
simulated
landscape.
Hence,
relationship
between
stands
strikingly
similar
richness
consisting
habitats.
This
result
suggests
support
levels
contemporary
landscapes.
Environmental Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
16(12), С. 123003 - 123003
Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2021
Abstract
Climate
change
is
intensifying
global
wildfire
activity,
and
people
wildlife
are
increasingly
exposed
to
hazardous
air
pollution
during
large-scale
smoke
events.
Although
considered
a
growing
risk
public
health,
few
studies
have
investigated
the
impacts
of
on
wildlife,
particularly
among
species
that
vulnerable
inhalation.
In
this
review,
we
synthesized
research
date
how
affects
health
behavior
wildlife.
After
executing
systematic
search
using
Web
Science,
found
only
41
relevant
studies.
We
findings
from
literature
incorporated
knowledge
gained
fields
outside
science,
specifically
veterinary
medicine
toxicology.
directly
effects
were
in
number,
they
show
contributes
adverse
acute
chronic
outcomes
influences
animal
behavior.
Our
review
demonstrates
inhalation
can
lead
carbon
monoxide
poisoning,
respiratory
distress,
neurological
impairment,
cardiovascular
disease,
oxidative
stress,
immunosuppression
including
terrestrial
aquatic
species,
these
contribute
changes
movement
vocalization.
Some
also
use
as
cue
engage
fire-avoidance
behaviors
or
conserve
energy.
However,
our
highlights
significant
gaps
understanding
Most
notably,
lack
robust
measurements
existing
limits
meta-analyses
hinders
construction
dose-response
relationships,
thereby
precluding
predictions
under
different
quality
conditions,
especially
extreme
recommend
future
leverage
data
sets,
infrastructure,
tools
rapidly
advance
important
conservation
topic
highlight
potential
value
interdisciplinary
collaborations
between
ecologists
atmospheric
chemists.
Conservation Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(5)
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022
Abstract
Fire
can
promote
biodiversity,
but
changing
patterns
of
fire
threaten
species
worldwide.
While
scientific
literature
often
describes
‘‘inappropriate
regimes’’
as
a
significant
threat
to
less
attention
has
been
paid
the
characteristics
that
make
regime
inappropriate.
We
go
beyond
this
generic
description
and
synthesize
how
inappropriate
regimes
contribute
declines
animal
populations
using
threatened
mammals
case
study.
developed
demographic
framework
for
classifying
mechanisms
by
which
cause
population
decline
applied
in
systematic
review
identify
interacting
threats
associated
with
Australian
land
(
n
=
99).
Inappropriate
88%
mammals.
Our
indicates
intense,
large,
frequent
fires
are
primary
fire‐related
declines,
particularly
through
their
influence
on
survival
rates.
However,
several
lack
fire,
there
is
considerable
uncertainty
evidence
base
declines.
Climate
change
predation
documented
or
predicted
interact
exacerbate
mammalian
This
will
help
target
conservation
actions
globally
be
enhanced
empirical
studies
survival,
movement,
reproduction.
Annual Review of Environment and Resources,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
48(1), С. 207 - 235
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023
Fire
is
an
integral
part
of
the
Earth
System
and
humans
have
skillfully
used
fire
for
millennia.
Yet
human
activities
are
scaling
up
reinforcing
each
other
in
ways
that
reshaping
patterns
across
planet.
We
review
these
changes
using
concept
regime,
which
describes
timing,
location,
type
fires.
then
explore
consequences
regime
on
biological,
chemical,
physical
processes
sustain
life
Earth.
Anthropogenic
drivers
such
as
climate
change,
land
use,
invasive
species
shifting
regimes
creating
environments
unlike
any
humanity
has
previously
experienced.
Although
exposure
to
extreme
wildfire
events
increasing,
we
highlight
how
knowledge
can
be
mobilized
achieve
a
wide
range
goals,
from
reducing
carbon
emissions
promoting
biodiversity
well-being.
A
perspective
critical
navigating
toward
sustainable
future—a
better
Anthropocene.
Abstract
Background
Prescribed
burning
(PB)
is
becoming
relevant
in
fuel
reduction
and
thus
fire
hazard
abatement
fire-prone
ecosystems
of
southern
Europe.
Yet,
empirical
evidence
on
the
effectiveness
this
practice
to
mitigate
wildfire
severity
Mediterranean
shrublands
non-existent,
despite
being
focus
PB
efforts
region.
Here,
we
intended
quantify
protective
effect
treatment
units
(2005–2021)
subsequent
across
mainland
Portugal,
as
well
relative
contribution
complex
interactions
between
drivers
PB-treated
areas
untreated
neighboring
counterparts
through
Random
Forest
regression.
We
leveraged
cloud-computing
remote
sensing
data
processing
Google
Earth
Engine
estimate
(PB
wildfire)
Relativized
Burn
Ratio
(RBR)
using
Landsat
catalog.
Results
was
particularly
effective
at
mitigating
first
PB-wildfire
encounter
shrublands,
with
a
mean
around
24%
RBR
units.
Fuel
age
(i.e.,
time
since
prescribed
burning)
intersection
overwhelmed
large
extent
weather,
probability,
severity.
The
persisted
for
5
years.
However,
decreased
increasingly
adverse
weather
conditions,
such
that
variation
somewhat
insensitive
under
extreme
weather.
Similarly,
lowest
experienced
sites
high
along
interaction
observed
probability
age,
suggest
repeated
treatments
may
be
useful
controlling
accumulation
explaining
exceedingly
areas,
doubling
other
variables
model
absence
variables.
Conclusions
Our
results
implementation
intervals
less
than
years
paramount
importance
control
build-up
productive
shrublands.
Further
research
topic
warranted
worldwide,
namely
Mediterranean-type
climate
regions.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
380(1924)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Novel
fire
regimes
are
emerging
worldwide
and
pose
substantial
challenges
to
biodiversity
conservation.
Addressing
these
mitigating
their
impacts
on
will
require
developing
a
wide
range
of
management
practices.
In
this
paper,
we
leverage
research
across
taxa,
ecosystems
continents
highlight
strategies
for
applying
knowledge
in
First,
define
novel
outline
different
practices
contemporary
landscapes
from
parts
the
world.
Next,
synthesize
recent
use
biodiversity,
provide
decision-making
framework
conservation
under
regimes.
We
recommend
that
preserving
should
consider
both
social
ecological
factors,
iterative
learning
informed
by
effective
monitoring,
testing
new
actions.
An
integrated
approach
about
help
navigate
complexities
preserve
rapidly
changing
This
article
is
part
theme
issue
‘Novel
climate
changes
human
influences:
impacts,
ecosystem
responses
feedbacks’.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
380(1924)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Shifts
in
fire
regimes
can
trigger
rapid
changes
ecosystem
functioning
and
biodiversity.
We
synthesize
evidence
for
patterns,
causes
consequences
of
recent
change
across
the
Eurasian
steppes,
a
neglected
global
hotspot.
Political
economic
turmoil
following
break-up
Soviet
Union
1991
triggered
abrupt
land
abandonment
over
millions
hectares
collapse
livestock
populations.
The
build-up
vegetation
as
fuel,
rural
depopulation
deteriorating
control
led
to
increase
size,
area
burned
frequency.
Fire
were
also
driven
by
drought,
but
likely
only
after
fuel
had
accumulated.
Increased
disturbance
resulted
grass
encroachment,
homogenization
decreasing
plant
species
diversity.
Feedback
loops
due
high
flammability
likely.
Direct
carry-on
effects
on
birds,
keystone
small
mammals
insects
largely
negative.
Nutrient
cycling
carbon
balance
changed,
these
have
yet
be
quantified.
regime
large
frequent
fires
persisted
until
ca
2010
shifted
back
more
grazing-controlled
populations
recovered,
reinforced
increasing
precipitation.
Key
future
research
topics
include
climate
change,
changing
pyrodiversity
pyric
herbivory
resilience.
Ongoing
steppe
restoration
rewilding
efforts,
integrated
management
will
benefit
from
better
understanding
regimes.
This
article
is
part
theme
issue
‘Novel
under
human
influences:
impacts,
responses
feedbacks’.
As
wildfires
become
more
frequent
and
severe
in
the
face
of
global
environmental
change,
it
becomes
crucial
not
only
to
assess,
prevent,
suppress
them
but
also
manage
aftermath
effectively.
Given
temporal
interconnections
between
these
issues,
we
explored
concept
“wildfire
science
loop”—a
framework
categorizing
wildfire
research
into
three
stages:
“before”,
“during”,
“after”
wildfires.
Based
on
this
partition,
performed
a
systematic
review
by
linking
particular
topics
keywords
each
stage,
aiming
describe
one
quantify
volume
published
research.
The
results
from
our
identified
substantial
imbalance
landscape,
with
post-fire
stage
being
markedly
underrepresented.
Research
focusing
is
1.5
times
(or
46%)
less
prevalent
than
that
“before”
1.8
77%)
“during”
stage.
This
discrepancy
likely
driven
historical
emphasis
prevention
suppression
due
immediate
societal
needs.
Aiming
address
overcome
imbalance,
present
perspectives
regarding
strategic
agenda
enhance
understanding
processes
outcomes,
emphasizing
socioecological
impacts
management
recovery
multi-level
transdisciplinary
approach.
These
proposals
advocate
integrating
knowledge-driven
burn
severity
ecosystem
mitigation/recovery
practical,
application-driven
strategies
policy
development.
supports
comprehensive
spans
short-term
emergency
responses
long-term
adaptive
management,
ensuring
landscapes
are
better
understood,
managed,
restored.
We
emphasize
critical
importance
“after-fire”
breaking
negative
planning
cycles,
enhancing
practices,
implementing
nature-based
solutions
vision
“building
back
better”.
Strengthening
balanced
focused
will
ability
close
loop
involved
improve
alignment
international
agendas
such
as
UN’s
Decade
Ecosystem
Restoration
EU’s
Nature
Law.
By
addressing
can
significantly
restore
ecosystems,
resilience,
develop
suited
challenges
rapidly
changing
world.
Environmental Research Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
3(8), С. 081004 - 081004
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021
Reducing
the
risk
of
large,
severe
wildfires
while
also
increasing
security
mountain
water
supplies
and
enhancing
biodiversity
are
urgent
priorities
in
western
US
forests.
After
a
century
fire
suppression,
Yosemite
Sequoia-Kings
Canyon
National
Parks
located
California's
Sierra
Nevada
initiated
programs
to
manage
these
areas
present
rare
opportunity
study
effects
restored
regimes.
Forest
cover
decreased
during
managed
wildfire
period
meadow
shrubland
increased,
especially
Yosemite's
Illilouette
Creek
basin
that
experienced
20%
reduction
forest
area.
These
now
support
greater
pyrodiversity
consequently
landscape
species
diversity.
Soil
moisture
increased
drought-induced
tree
mortality
decreased,
where
have
been
allowed
burn
more
freely
resulting
30%
increase
summer
soil
moisture.
Modeling
suggests
ecohydrological
co-benefits
restoring
regimes
robust
projected
climatic
warming.
Support
will
be
needed
from
highest
levels
government
public
maintain
existing
expand
them
other
forested
areas.