
Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16
Опубликована: Май 8, 2025
This review explores the critical interplay between glycemic control, mucosal immunity, and vaccine response in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus, characterized by impaired glucose regulation, significantly impacts immune function, particularly at surfaces. Poor control diminishes vaccine-induced antibody responses compromises defenses, such as secretory IgA production, increasing susceptibility to infections. We synthesize evidence highlighting importance of optimizing management prior vaccination enhance immunogenicity. Furthermore, we examine potential personalized strategies, tailored individual status, age, BMI, kidney improve efficacy this vulnerable population. Additionally, discuss role adjunct therapies, including probiotics, nutritional interventions, lifestyle modifications, modulating gut microbiota reinforcing barrier integrity. underscores necessity for an interdisciplinary approach, integrating metabolic with innovative designs, maximize protection against infectious diseases Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies assessing both systemic immunity refine strategies ensure robust durable protection.
Язык: Английский