Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being

Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 355(6332)

Опубликована: Март 30, 2017

Consequences of shifting species distributions Climate change is causing geographical redistribution plant and animal globally. These distributional shifts are leading to new ecosystems ecological communities, changes that will affect human society. Pecl et al. review these current future impacts assess their implications for sustainable development goals. Science , this issue p. eaai9214

Язык: Английский

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The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 354(6313)

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2016

Accumulating impacts Anthropogenic climate change is now in full swing, our global average temperature already having increased by 1°C from preindustrial levels. Many studies have documented individual of the changing that are particular to species or regions, but accumulating and being amplified more broadly. Scheffers et al. review set been observed across genes, species, ecosystems reveal a world undergoing substantial change. Understanding causes, consequences, potential mitigation these changes will be essential as we move forward into warming world. Science , this issue p. 10.1126/science.aaf7671

Язык: Английский

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Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 3

Опубликована: Май 4, 2016

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of ocean that have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence responses life to recent climate across regions, from tropical seas polar oceans. We consider observed calcification rates, demography, abundance, distribution phenology species. draw on a database impacts species, supplemented with Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel Change. discuss factors limit or facilitate species' responses, such as fishing pressure, availability prey, habitat, light other resources, dispersal by currents. find general trends species are consistent expectations change, including poleward deeper distributional shifts, advances spring phenology, declines increases abundance warm-water The volume type variable regions taxonomic groups, much derived heavily-studied north Atlantic Ocean. Most investigations biological changing temperature, few observations effects oxygen, wave climate, precipitation (coastal waters) acidification. Observations been linked anthropogenic widespread, but still lacking some groups (e.g., phytoplankton, benthic invertebrates, mammals).

Язык: Английский

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Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 733, С. 137782 - 137782

Опубликована: Март 11, 2020

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services in U.S. implications for natural resource management. We draw from 4th National Assessment summarize observed projected changes ecosystems explore linkages important services, discuss associated challenges opportunities find that species are responding through morphology behavior, phenology, geographic range shifts, these mediated by plastic evolutionary responses. Responses populations, combined with direct effects (including more extreme events), resulting widespread productivity, interactions, vulnerability biological invasions, other emergent properties. Collectively, alter benefits can provide society. Although not all negative, even positive require costly societal adjustments. Natural managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies consider historical future outlooks minimize costs over long term. Many organizations beginning approaches, but implementation yet prevalent or systematic across nation.

Язык: Английский

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Species better track climate warming in the oceans than on land

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(8), С. 1044 - 1059

Опубликована: Май 25, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Climate-Related Local Extinctions Are Already Widespread among Plant and Animal Species

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 14(12), С. e2001104 - e2001104

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2016

Current climate change may be a major threat to global biodiversity, but the extent of species loss will depend on details how respond changing climates. For example, if most can undergo rapid in their climatic niches, then extinctions limited. Numerous studies have now documented shifts geographic ranges that were inferred related change, especially towards higher mean elevations and latitudes. Many these contain valuable data local populations not yet been thoroughly explored. Specifically, overall range include contractions at "warm edges" species' (i.e., lower latitudes elevations), which occur through extinctions. Here, climate-related used test frequency recent change. The results show already occurred hundreds species, including 47% 976 surveyed. This was broadly similar across zones, clades, habitats significantly tropical than temperate (55% versus 39%), animals plants (50% freshwater relative terrestrial marine (74% 46% 51%). Overall, suggest are widespread, even though levels so far modest those predicted next 100 years. These presumably become much more prevalent as warming increases further by roughly 2-fold 5-fold over coming decades.

Язык: Английский

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Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 368(6492), С. 772 - 775

Опубликована: Май 14, 2020

Local factors restrain forest warming Microclimates are key to understanding how organisms and ecosystems respond macroclimate change, yet they frequently neglected when studying biotic responses global change. Zellweger et al. provide a long-term, continental-scale assessment of the effects micro- on community composition European forests (see Perspective by Lembrechts Nijs). They show that changes in canopy cover fundamentally important for driving climate Closed canopies buffer against macroclimatic change through their cooling effect, slowing shifts composition, whereas open tend accelerate local heating effects. Science , this issue p. 772 ; see also 711

Язык: Английский

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Global buffering of temperatures under forest canopies

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 3(5), С. 744 - 749

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Recent responses to climate change reveal the drivers of species extinction and survival

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(8), С. 4211 - 4217

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020

Climate change may be a major threat to biodiversity in the next 100 years. Although there has been important work on mechanisms of decline some species, it generally remains unclear which changes climate actually cause extinctions, and how many species will likely lost. Here, we identify specific that are associated with widespread local extinctions have already occurred. We then use this information predict extent future loss processes forestall extinction. used data from surveys 538 plant animal over time, 44% had at one or more sites. found locations larger faster hottest yearly temperatures than those without. Surprisingly, sites significantly smaller mean annual temperatures, despite as proxies for overall change. Based their past rates dispersal, estimate 57–70% these not disperse quickly enough avoid However, show niche shifts appear far avoiding extinction although most studies focus only dispersal. Specifically, considering both dispersal shifts, project 16–30% go extinct by 2070. Overall, our results help climatic survive.

Язык: Английский

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The geography of biodiversity change in marine and terrestrial assemblages

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 366(6463), С. 339 - 345

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2019

Spatial structure of species change Biodiversity is undergoing rapid driven by climate and other human influences. Blowes et al. analyze the global patterns in temporal biodiversity using a large quantity time-series data from different regions (see Perspective Eriksson Hillebrand). Their findings reveal clear spatial richness composition change, where marine taxa exhibit highest rates change. The tropics, particular, emerge as hotspots losses. Given that activities are affecting magnitudes directions differ across planet, these will provide much needed biogeographic understanding can help inform conservation prioritization. Science , this issue p. 339 ; see also 308

Язык: Английский

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