Natural disturbances are spatially diverse but temporally synchronized across temperate forest landscapes in Europe

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 24(3), С. 1201 - 1211

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2017

Abstract Natural disturbance regimes are changing substantially in forests around the globe. However, large‐scale change is modulated by a considerable spatiotemporal variation within biomes. This remains incompletely understood particularly temperate of Europe, for which consistent information lacking. Here, our aim was to quantify patterns forest disturbances across landscapes Europe using remote sensing data and determine their underlying drivers. Specifically, we tested two hypotheses: (1) Topography determines spatial disturbance, (2) climatic extremes synchronize natural biome. We used novel Landsat‐based maps 1986–2016 combination with landscape analysis compare five unmanaged varying topographic complexity. Furthermore, analyzed annual estimates synchronies influence on temporal patterns. Spatial substantial landscapes. With increasing complexity, patches were smaller, more complex shape, dispersed, affected smaller portion landscape. Temporal patterns, however, strongly synchronized all landscapes, three distinct waves high activity between 1986 2016. All followed years pronounced drought peak wind speeds. thus spatially diverse but temporally synchronized. conclude that ecological effect (i.e., whether they homogenizing or its heterogeneity) determined template. as strong biome‐wide synchronization closely linked extremes, episodes likely Europe's under climate changes.

Язык: Английский

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Ips typographus and Dendroctonus ponderosae Models Project Thermal Suitability for Intra- and Inter-Continental Establishment in a Changing Climate

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 2

Опубликована: Март 15, 2019

Climate change is altering legacies of native insect-caused disturbances and contributing to non-native invasions globally. Many insect fitness traits are temperature dependent projected climatic changes expected cause continued alterations in tree mortality, with uncertain consequences for forest ecosystems their management. Dendroctonus ponderosae Pinus habitats western North America Ips typographus European Picea among the most significant mortality agents on each continent. Changing climate influencing both species habitats, although thermal suitability if they should invade new continents novel has not been investigated. We assessed intra- inter-continental establishment using physiological models that describe evolved, temperature-dependent species. Models were driven by projections from two Global representing RCP 8.5. Simulations suggest common phenological strategy one generation annually (univoltine) will shift northward warming throughout this century. As optimum habitat I. univoltinism shifts northward, supporting a 2nd generation, historically warm forests, expands continents. In contrast, D. rare due evolved synchrony its cool habitats. limited warmest forests near future (2011-2040), project extensive species, highlighting need effective mitigation policies monitoring at ports an era increasing global trade. Throughout century, remains high population success continents, areas Europe, expansion into American Portions historical range, however, become thermally unsuitable.

Язык: Английский

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Do bark beetle outbreaks amplify or dampen future bark beetle disturbances in Central Europe?

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 109(2), С. 737 - 749

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2020

Abstract Bark beetle outbreaks have intensified in many forests around the globe recent years. Yet, legacy of these disturbances for future forest development remains unclear. are expected to increase further because climate change. Consequently, feedbacks within disturbance regime growing interest, example, whether bark amplifying activity (through initiation an even‐aged cohort trees) or dampening it increased structural and compositional diversity). We studied beetle–vegetation–climate interactions Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany), area characterised by unprecedented past. simulated effect on structure composition analysed how disturbance‐mediated dynamics influence under different scenarios used process‐based simulation modelling combination with machine learning disentangle long‐term between vegetation, beetles at landscape scale. Disturbances European spruce were strongly amplified change, increasing 59% 221% compared reference climate. reduced dominance Norway ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) landscape, diversity. decreased diversity stands α diversity) β Overall, changes dampened (a reduction up −67%), but not able fully compensate Synthesis . Our findings indicate that episode was caused a convergence highly susceptible structures climatic conditions favourable outbreaks. While is increasingly conducive massive outbreaks, emerging less likely support them. This study improves our understanding legacies ongoing Central Europe. It indicates provides important feedback, suggests preventing homogenizing post‐disturbance could elevate susceptibility large‐scale

Язык: Английский

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Diapause and overwintering of two spruce bark beetle species

Physiological Entomology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 42(3), С. 200 - 210

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2017

Abstract Diapause, a strategy to endure unfavourable conditions (e.g. cold winters) is commonly found in ectothermic organisms and characterized by an arrest of development reproduction, reduction metabolic rate, increased resistance adversity. addition adaptations for surviving low winter temperatures, significantly influences phenology, voltinism ultimately population growth. We review the literature on diapause overwintering behaviour two bark beetle species that affect spruce‐dominated forests northern hemisphere, describe compare how these strategies can influence dynamics. The E uropean spruce Ips typographus ( L .) C oleoptera, urculionidae) most important forest pest N orway urope. It enters adult reproductive might be either facultative or obligate. Obligate diapausing beetles are considered strictly univoltine, entering this dormancy type regardless environmental cues. Facultative individuals enter induced photoperiod, modified temperature, thus being potentially multivoltine. Dendroctonus rufipennis K irby) oleoptera: infests all its natural range orth A merica. prepupal averted relatively warm resulting univoltine life cycle, whereas cool temperatures induce leading semivoltine cycle. An obligate D. could limit bi‐ multivoltinism. discuss overwinter survival dynamics changing climate provide outlook future research.

Язык: Английский

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Global review on interactions between insect pests and other forest disturbances

Landscape Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(4), С. 945 - 972

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2021

Язык: Английский

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