Social physics

Physics Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 948, С. 1 - 148

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Want to model a species niche? A step-by-step guideline on correlative ecological niche modelling

Ecological Modelling, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 456, С. 109671 - 109671

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Vulnerability of global biodiversity hotspots to climate change

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(4), С. 768 - 783

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2021

Abstract Motivation More than half of Earth's species are contained in a mere 1.4% its land area, but the climates many these biodiversity hotspots projected to disappear as consequence anthropogenic climate change. There is growing recognition that spatio‐temporal patterns have shaped biological diversity over variety historical time‐scales, yet rarely taken into account assessments vulnerability future In our review, we synthesize climatic processes led diversification and interpret what this means context We demonstrate importance mesoclimatic fine‐scale topographical heterogeneity, combination with variability, driving speciation maintaining high levels diversity. outline why features crucial understanding impacts change discuss how recent advances predictive modelling enable be understood better. Location Global. Main conclusions contend many, although not all, landscape characteristics create spatial variability climate, which potentially buffers them from changes. Temporally, also experienced stable through evolutionary time, making particularly vulnerable Others more variable climates, likely provide resilience Thus, order identify risk for global biodiversity, need consider carefully influence climate. However, most still reliant on data coarse temporal resolution. Higher‐resolution forecasts better physiological responses organisms much needed inform conservation strategies.

Язык: Английский

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The thermal ecology and physiology of reptiles and amphibians: A user's guide

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 335(1), С. 13 - 44

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2020

Abstract Research on the thermal ecology and physiology of free‐living organisms is accelerating as scientists managers recognize urgency global biodiversity crisis brought by climate change. As ectotherms, temperature fundamentally affects most aspects lives amphibians reptiles, making them excellent models for studying how animals are impacted changing temperatures. research this group accelerates, it essential to maintain consistent optimal methodology so that results can be compared across groups over time. This review addresses utility reptiles model studies reviewing best practices their physiology, highlighting key have advanced field with new improved methods. We end presenting several areas where show great promise further advancing our understanding relations between environments

Язык: Английский

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Mechanistic forecasts of species responses to climate change: The promise of biophysical ecology

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(6), С. 1451 - 1470

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022

A core challenge in global change biology is to predict how species will respond future environmental and manage these responses. To make such predictions management actions robust novel futures, we need accurately characterize organisms experience their environments the biological mechanisms by which they respond. All are thermodynamically connected through exchange of heat water at fine spatial temporal scales this can be captured with biophysical models. Although mechanistic models based on ecology have a long history development application, use remains limited despite enormous promise increasingly accessible software. We contend that greater understanding training theory methods vital expand application. Our review shows implemented understand climate impacts species' behavior, phenology, survival, distribution, abundance. It also illustrates types outputs generated, data inputs required for different implementations. Examples range from simple calculations body temperature particular site time, more complex analyses distribution limits projected energy balances, accounting behavior phenology. outline challenges currently limit widespread application relating availability, training, lack common software ecosystems. discuss progress developments could allow applied many across large extents timeframes. Finally, highlight uniquely suited solve problems involve predicting interpreting responses variability extremes, multiple or shifting constraints, abiotic biotic environments.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms, detection and impacts of species redistributions under climate change

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(5), С. 351 - 368

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Top ten hazards to avoid when modeling species distributions: a didactic guide of assumptions, problems, and recommendations

Ecography, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Species distribution models, also known as ecological niche models or habitat suitability have become commonplace for addressing fundamental and applied biodiversity questions. Although the field has progressed rapidly regarding theory implementation, key assumptions are still frequently violated recommendations inadvertently overlooked. This leads to poor being published used in real‐world applications. In a structured, didactic treatment, we summarize what our view constitute ten most problematic issues, hazards, negatively affecting implementation of correlative approaches species modeling (specifically those that model by comparing environments species' occurrence records with background pseudoabsence sample). For each hazard, state relevant assumptions, detail problems arise when violating them, convey straightforward existing recommendations. We discuss five major outstanding questions active current research. hope this contribution will promote more rigorous these valuable stimulate further advancements.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in the remote sensing of insects

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 97(1), С. 343 - 360

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2021

ABSTRACT Remote sensing has revolutionised many aspects of ecological research, enabling spatiotemporal data to be collected in an efficient and highly automated manner. The last two decades have seen phenomenal growth capabilities for high‐resolution remote that increasingly offers opportunities study small, but ecologically important organisms, such as insects. Here we review current applications using within entomological highlighting the emerging now arise through advances spatial, temporal spectral resolution. can used map environmental variables, habitat, microclimate light pollution, capturing on topography, vegetation structure composition, luminosity at spatial scales appropriate Such also detect insects indirectly from influences they environment, feeding damage or nest structures, whilst directly detecting are available. Entomological radar detection ranging (LiDAR), example, transforming our understanding aerial insect abundance movement ecology, ultra‐high resolution drone imagery presents tantalising new direct observation. is rapidly developing into a powerful toolkit entomologists, envisage will soon become integral part science.

Язык: Английский

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Where do functional traits come from? The role of theory and models

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(7), С. 1385 - 1396

Опубликована: Май 16, 2021

Abstract The use of traits is growing in ecology and biodiversity informatics, with initiatives to collate trait data integrate it into databases. A need develop better predictive capacity for how species respond environmental change has part motivated this focus. Functional are most interest—those a defined link individual survival, development, growth reproduction. Non‐trivial challenges arise immediately deciding which functional prioritise characterise them. Here we discuss the advantages theoretical perspective defining context dynamical systems models energy mass exchange that organisms their environments. We argue frameworks upon such built (biophysical ecology, metabolic theory) provide clear criteria decide definitions, measurement requirements associated metadata, via mathematical connection model parameters state variables, thus system performance (survival, reproduction). distinguish ‘descriptive’ from ‘functional’ by dividing latter four classes—parameter, model, threshold estimation—according whether they parameters, define structure, variables or can be used estimate parameters. decision tree classification illustrate mammalian heat but emphasise scheme's generality any kind organism. show may collection databasing ways not necessarily more difficult achieve, especially new technologies, guidance requisite metadata. theoretically driven prioritising will maximise generality, quality consistency databases comparative analyses. Such simultaneously facilitate development integrated modelling across multiple organisational scales individuals ecosystems. ​ free Plain Language Summary found within Supporting Information article.

Язык: Английский

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RangeShifter 2.0: an extended and enhanced platform for modelling spatial eco‐evolutionary dynamics and species' responses to environmental changes

Ecography, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 44(10), С. 1453 - 1462

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2021

Process‐based models are becoming increasingly used tools for understanding how species likely to respond environmental changes and potential management options. RangeShifter is one such modelling platform, which has been address a range of questions including identifying effective reintroduction strategies, patterns expansion assessing population viability across complex landscapes. Here we introduce new version, 2.0, incorporates important functionality. It now possible simulate dynamics over user‐specified, temporally changing Additionally, integrated genetic module, notably introducing an explicit architecture, allows simulation neutral adaptive processes. Furthermore, emigration, transfer settlement traits can all evolve, allowing sophisticated the evolution dispersal. We illustrate application 2.0's functionality by two examples. The first illustrates virtual dynamically UK landscape. second demonstrates software be explore concept evolving connectivity in response land‐use modification, examining movement rules come under selection landscapes different structure composition. 2.0 built using object‐oriented C++ providing computationally efficient individual‐based, eco‐evolutionary models. code redeveloped enable use operating systems, on high performance computing clusters, Windows graphical user interface enhanced. will facilitate development in‐silico assessments options conserving or controlling them. By making available open source, hope inspire further collaborations extensions ecological community.

Язык: Английский

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