Mechanisms of plant–soil feedback: interactions among biotic and abiotic drivers

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 222(1), С. 91 - 96

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2018

Contents Summary 91 I. Introduction II. Primary PSF mechanisms III. Factors mediating the of 93 IV. Conclusions and future directions 94 Acknowledgements 95 Author contributions References SUMMARY: Plant-soil feedback (PSF) occurs when plants alter soil properties that influence performance seedlings, with consequent effects on plant populations communities. Many processes PSF, including changes in nutrient availability accumulation natural enemies, mutualists or secondary chemicals. Typically, these are investigated isolation, yet no single mechanism is likely to be completely responsible for as can interact. Further, outcome depends which resources limiting other biota surrounding environment. As such, understanding their role within communities requires quantification interactions among influencing associated abiotic biotic contexts.

Язык: Английский

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When and where plant‐soil feedback may promote plant coexistence: a meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 22(8), С. 1274 - 1284

Опубликована: Май 31, 2019

Plant-soil feedback (PSF) theory provides a powerful framework for understanding plant dynamics by integrating growth assays into predictions of whether soil communities stabilise plant-plant interactions. However, we lack comprehensive view the likelihood feedback-driven coexistence, partly because failure to analyse pairwise PSF, metric directly linked species coexistence. Here, determine relative importance evolutionary history, traits, and environmental factors coexistence through PSF using meta-analysis 1038 measures. Consistent with eco-evolutionary predictions, is more likely mediate pairs (1) associating similar guilds mycorrhizal fungi, (2) increasing phylogenetic distance, (3) interacting native microbes. We also found evidence primary role pathogens in feedback-mediated By combining results over several independent studies, our confirm that may play key invasion, diversification communities.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of allelopathy on plant performance: a meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(2), С. 348 - 362

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2020

Allelopathy (i.e. chemical interactions between plants) is known to affect individual performance, community structure and plant invasions. Yet, a quantitative synthesis lacking. Here, we performed meta-analysis of 384 studies that measured allelopathic effects one species (allelopathy plant) on another or itself (test plant). Overall, allelopathy reduced performance by 25%, but the variation in was high. The type method affected effect: compared leachates, more negative when residues plants were applied, less soil conditioned applied. diminished with study duration, increased concentrations leachates residues. Although not significantly related lifespan, life form domestication interacting plants, it became increasing phylogenetic distance. Moreover, native suffered from naturalised alien than other plants. Our reveals could contribute success relationship distance indicates might coexistence closely convergence) dominance single species.

Язык: Английский

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Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization consistently favor pathogenic over mutualistic fungi in grassland soils

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2021

Abstract Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but consequences this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We find nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed four continents promotes relative abundance pathogens, suppresses mutualists, does not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggest responses are often indirect primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient also reduces co-occurrences within among guilds, which could have important belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots received no nutrient addition, properties influence pathogen globally, whereas community characteristics climate show consistent, guild-level enhance our ability predict function related anthropogenic eutrophication, can longer-term

Язык: Английский

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The Costs and Benefits of Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Interactions

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 73(1), С. 649 - 672

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2022

The symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is often perceived as beneficial for both partners, though a large ecological literature highlights the context dependency of this interaction. Changes in abiotic variables, such nutrient availability, can drive along mutualism-parasitism continuum with variable outcomes plant growth fitness. However, AM benefit more ways than improved phosphorus nutrition growth. For example, promote biotic stress tolerance even when considered parasitic from provision perspective. Other being obligate biotrophs, very little known about benefits gain plants. In review, we utilize molecular biology approaches to expand our understanding plant-AM fungal across disciplines.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant–microbial interactions as drivers of plant–soil feedback

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(6), С. 1929 - 1944

Опубликована: Март 26, 2022

Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at same location, thereby regulating population density-dependence species co-existence. Such effects are often attributed to accumulation host-specific antagonistic beneficial microbiota rhizosphere. However, identity host-specificity taxa involved rarely empirically assessed. Here we review evidence for plant-associated microbes propose specific plant-soil feedbacks also driven by generalists. We outline potential mechanisms which generalist pathogens, mutualists decomposers generate differential on plant hosts synthesize existing predict these as function investments into defence, dispersal. Importantly, capacity drive depends not only traits individual but phylogenetic functional diversity communities. Identifying factors specialization generalism plant-microbial interactions modulate impact performance will advance our understanding underlying feedback ways it contributes

Язык: Английский

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Plant–soil feedback under drought: does history shape the future?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(8), С. 708 - 718

Опубликована: Март 25, 2023

Plant–soil feedback (PSF) is widely recognised as a driver of plant community composition, but understanding its response to drought remains in infancy. Here, we provide conceptual framework for the role PSF, considering traits, severity, and historical precipitation over ecological evolutionary timescales. Comparing experimental studies where plants microbes do or not share history (through co-sourcing conditioning), hypothesise that with shared experience more positive PSF under subsequent drought. To reflect real-world responses drought, future need explicitly include plant–microbial co-occurrence potential co-adaptation consider experienced by both microbes.

Язык: Английский

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Plant–soil synchrony in nutrient cycles: Learning from ecosystems to design sustainable agrosystems

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023

Abstract Redesigning agrosystems to include more ecological regulations can help feed a growing human population, preserve soils for future productivity, limit dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and reduce agriculture contribution global changes such as eutrophication warming. However, guidelines redesigning cropping systems from natural make them sustainable remain limited. Synthetizing the knowledge biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems, we outline four that synchronize supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota with fluctuating nutrient demand plants. This synchrony limits deficiencies excesses nutrients, which usually penalize both production regulating services retention carbon storage. In outlined, emerges plant–soil plant–plant interactions, eco‐physiological processes, physicochemical dynamics various reservoirs, including organic matter, minerals, atmosphere, common market. We discuss relative importance these depending pedoclimatic context functional diversity plants microbes. offer ideas about how could be stimulated within improve their sustainability. A review latest advances agronomy shows some practices suggested promote (e.g., reduced tillage, rotation perennial plant cover, crop diversification) have already been tested shown effective reducing losses, fertilizer use, N 2 O emissions and/or improving biomass Our framework also highlights new management strategies defines conditions success nature‐based allowing site‐specific modifications. synthetized should practitioners long‐term productivity while negative impact environment climate.

Язык: Английский

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Beneficial microbes ameliorate abiotic and biotic sources of stress on plants

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 34(10), С. 2075 - 2086

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2019

Abstract Global climate change and shifting land‐use are increasing plant stress due to abiotic factors such as drought, heat, salinity cold, well via the intensification of biotic stressors herbivores pathogens. The ability plants tolerate stresses is modulated by bacteria fungi that live on or inside tissues comprise microbiome. However, impacts diverse classes beneficial members microbiome contrasting impact most commonly studied independently each other. Our meta‐analysis 288 experiments across 89 studies moves beyond previous in we simultaneously compare roles bacterial versus fungal within colonize surfaces ameliorating sources stress. magnitude microbial amelioration can be measured greater proportional microbes performance more stressful environments. In examine, substantial: it 23% effect size typical 56% absence amount benefit confer differs among microbes, depending whether grown non‐stressful stress, tend benefits than do fungi. symbiotic fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal strongly ameliorate bacteria. particular, salinity, foliar herbivory pathogen These results highlight fact antagonistic components depend environmental contexts. Furthermore, critical for health environments thus present opportunities mitigate negative consequences global change. A free plain language summary found Supporting Information this article.

Язык: Английский

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Priority effects and ecological restoration

Restoration Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2020

Priority effects refer to the order or timing of species arrival, including how that arrive early at a site either positively negatively affect establishment, growth, reproduction later. Despite clear implications priority for ecological restoration, there have been no reviews and where studied extent which findings can be applied restoration. Here, we systematically review literature on by (1) synthesizing information from papers compared simultaneous nonsimultaneous planting sowing; (2) discussing mechanisms through operate, (3) considering these might manipulated achieve restoration goals; (4) highlighting future research needed improve use in In term‐targeted search, found 43 studies experimentally arrival different species. Overall, concluded even small delays time, as opposed species, promote differences subsequent community composition well ecosystem functions. There were very few long‐term stability effects, majority conducted temperate grasslands. Our suggest creating alternative vegetation states via treatments is promising avenue However, concept best operationalized need more ecosystems are priorities followed over extended time periods.

Язык: Английский

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