Addressing context dependence in ecology

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 37(2), С. 158 - 170

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2021

Context dependence is widely invoked to explain disparate results in ecology. It arises when the magnitude or sign of a relationship varies due conditions under which it observed. Such variation, especially unexplained, can lead spurious seemingly contradictory conclusions, limit understanding and our ability transfer findings across studies, space, time. Using examples from biological invasions, we identify two types context resulting four sources: mechanistic interaction effects; apparent arise presence confounding factors, problems statistical inference, methodological differences among studies. Addressing critical challenge ecology, essential for increased prediction.

Язык: Английский

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Why Are Invasive Plants Successful?

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74(1), С. 635 - 670

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

Plant invasions, a byproduct of globalization, are increasing worldwide. Because their ecological and economic impacts, considerable efforts have been made to understand predict the success non-native plants. Numerous frameworks, hypotheses, theories advanced conceptualize interactions multiple drivers context dependence invasion with aim achieving robust explanations predictive power. We review these from community-level perspective rather than biogeographical one, focusing on terrestrial systems, explore roles intrinsic plant properties in determining species invasiveness, as well effects biotic abiotic conditions mediating ecosystem invasibility (or resistance) evolutionary processes. also consider fundamental influences human-induced changes at scales ranging local global triggering, promoting, sustaining invasions discuss how could alter future trajectories.

Язык: Английский

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Solutions in microbiome engineering: prioritizing barriers to organism establishment

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(2), С. 331 - 338

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2021

Abstract Microbiome engineering is increasingly being employed as a solution to challenges in health, agriculture, and climate. Often manipulation involves inoculation of new microbes designed improve function into preexisting microbial community. Despite, increased efforts microbiome inoculants frequently fail establish and/or confer long-lasting modifications on ecosystem function. We posit that one underlying cause these shortfalls the failure consider barriers organism establishment. This key challenge focus macroecology research, specifically invasion biology restoration ecology. adopt framework from summarizes establishment three categories: (1) propagule pressure, (2) environmental filtering, (3) biotic interactions factors. suggest most neglected factor we recommend number actions accelerate solutions.

Язык: Английский

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Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 621(7980), С. 773 - 781

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting spread invasive species1,2. Tree in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they potential to transform economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how phylogenetic functional diversity communities, human pressure environment influence establishment species subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key predicting whether a location invaded, but severity underpinned by diversity, with higher lower Temperature precipitation emerge as strong predictors strategy, invading successfully when similar community cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite these ecological forces determining evidence patterns can be obscured activity, signal areas proximity shipping ports. Our perspective highlights presence, role invasions.

Язык: Английский

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Trophic rewilding as a restoration approach under emerging novel biosphere conditions

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(9), С. R435 - R451

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity increases resistance of grasslands against plant invasions under multiple environmental changes

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Abstract Biodiversity often helps communities resist invasion. However, it is unclear whether this diversity–invasion relationship holds true under environmental changes. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of 1010 observations from 25 grassland studies in which plant species richness manipulated together with one or more change factors to test invasibility (measured by biomass cover invaders). We find that biodiversity increases resistance invaders across various conditions. the positive effect on invasion strengthened experimental warming, whereas weakened experimentally imposed drought. When multiple are simultaneously, strengthened. Overall, show invasions Therefore, investment protection and restoration native not only important for prevention current conditions but also continued global change.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal endophytes can modulate plant invasion

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(5), С. 1652 - 1671

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Symbiotic organisms may contribute to a host plant's success or failure grow, its ability maintain viable populations, and potentially, probability of establishment spread outside native range. Intercellular intracellular microbial symbionts that are asymptomatic in their plant during some all life cycle - endophytes can form mutualistic, commensal, pathogenic relationships, sometimes novel associations with alien plants. Fungal likely the most common endosymbiont infecting plants, life-history, morphological, physiological, plant-symbiotic traits distinct from other endophytic guilds. Here, we review community dynamics fungal process invasion, how functional role shift different stages invasion: transport, introduction (colonisation), establishment, spread. Each invasion stage presents ecological filters an must overcome advance subsequent invasion. Endophytes alternately aid overcoming stage-specific filters, barriers imposed by (e.g. biotic resistance), thereby affecting pathways. A few fungi be transported as seed range vertically transmitted future generations non-native range, especially graminoids. In groups, plants mostly acquire via horizontal transmission invaded community, endophyte is shaped filtering biogeographic factors dispersal limitation, environmental filtering). (both those accumulated range) influence growth, reproduction, tolerance, pathogen herbivory defences; however, direction magnitude these effects contingent upon identity, stage, conditions, stage. This context dependence cause non-endophytic pathogenic) same hosts, which modify alien-native dynamics. We conclude identifying paths hosts exploit dependency function abiotic conditions at

Язык: Английский

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Indirect Effects and Context Dependency in Stream Fish Invasions

Diversity and Distributions, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Invasion ecology is replete with a body of well‐supported yet contradictory evidence for numerous invasion hypotheses, likely as result context dependency. Context dependency in studies can arise two ways: (1) apparent , when results differ between solely due to methodical differences, or (2) mechanistic truly ecological processes. One form occurs causally linked factors associated success (hereafter, drivers ) either mask enhance each other's effect on success. Mechanistic occur regional scale processes modify the influence local Together, and give rise conflicting support hypotheses via confounding effects related region‐specific Location 2339 stream segments ecoregions United States. Methods Using fish community data distinct ecoregions, we constructed identical path models estimate direct indirect nonnative richness. We chose one variable index from following categories: propagule pressure, natural abiotic, anthropogenic abiotic biotic factors. Results found through presence effects, which pressure richness were modulated by The differed both regions, providing Main Conclusions Apparent lead hypotheses. Accounting important gaining more general understanding process. Furthermore, because varied regionally, it understand large‐scale that contextualise

Язык: Английский

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Spatial Scale and the Underestimation of Stream Fish Community Invadedness

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 34(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Scale‐Dependency of Native Status Classifying populations as native or nonnative requires well‐defined range boundaries for species. While many studies define status according to large biogeographic realms, natural dispersal barriers often limit species distributions at regional smaller spatial extents. As such, native/nonnative definitions are inherently scale‐dependent and estimates community invadedness thus depend on the resolution which is defined. For example, can be introduced among regions within ecological provinces (hereafter, simply “provinces”). By explicitly considering scale‐dependency definitions, we more effectively compare results across studies, comprehensively evaluate degree invasion levels, objectively communicate a Location 30,034 stream segments, conterminous United States. Time Period 2000–2023. Major Taxa Studied Freshwater fishes. Quantifying Fish Community Invadedness Across US Streams We illustrate importance by quantifying richness relative abundance in fish communities States, finding that provincially nearly four times prevalent extra‐realm species, represented approximately 10% all individuals average surveys. Implications Unrealistically broad underestimate invadedness. Dismissing regionally have severe consequences, including displacement hybridisation with loss unique through biotic homogenisation. These consequences may undermine efforts maintain protect distinct local biodiversity conserve endemic

Язык: Английский

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Understanding and managing introduction pathways into protected areas in a changing climate

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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