Land-use diversity predicts regional bird taxonomic and functional richness worldwide

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Unveiling the processes that shape biodiversity patterns is a cornerstone of ecology. Land-use diversity (i.e., variety land-use categories within an area) often considered important environmental factor promotes species richness at landscape and regional scales by increasing beta-diversity. Still, role in structuring global taxonomic functional unknown. Here, we examine hypothesis explained analyzing distribution trait data for all extant birds. We found strong support our hypothesis. predicted bird almost biogeographic realms, even after accounting effect net primary productivity proxy resource availability habitat heterogeneity). This link was particularly consistent with compared to richness. In Palearctic Afrotropic saturation evident, suggesting non-linear relationship between biodiversity. Our results reveal key associated several facets diversity, widening understanding large-scale predictors patterns. These can contribute policies aimed minimizing loss.

Язык: Английский

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The global loss of avian functional and phylogenetic diversity from anthropogenic extinctions

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 386(6717), С. 55 - 60

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Humans have been driving a global erosion of species richness for millennia, but the consequences past extinctions other dimensions biodiversity-functional and phylogenetic diversity-are poorly understood. In this work, we show that, since Late Pleistocene, extinction 610 bird has caused disproportionate loss avian functional space along with ~3 billion years unique evolutionary history. For island endemics, proportional losses even greater. Projected future more than 1000 over next two centuries will incur further substantial reductions in diversity. These results highlight severe ongoing biodiversity crisis urgent need to identify ecological functions being lost through extinction.

Язык: Английский

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The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(17), С. 3830 - 3837.e3

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis Highlights d Predicted loss birds will drive exceptional declines in Species extinctions lead to a major ecological strategies functions Most biomes ecoregions experience Phylogenetic tends decline as expected species go extinct

Язык: Английский

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How many specimens make a sufficient training set for automated three-dimensional feature extraction?

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Deep learning has emerged as a robust tool for automating feature extraction from three-dimensional images, offering an efficient alternative to labour-intensive and potentially biased manual image segmentation methods. However, there been limited exploration into the optimal training set sizes, including assessing whether artficial expansion by data augmentation can achieve consistent results in less time how these benefits are across different types of traits. In this study, we manually segmented 50 planktonic foraminifera specimens genus Menardella determine minimum number images required produce accurate volumetric shape internal external structures. The reveal unsurprisingly that deep models improve with larger eight being 95% accuracy. Furthermore, enhance network accuracy up 8.0%. Notably, predicting both measurements structure poses greater challenge compared structure, owing low contrast differences between materials increased geometric complexity. These provide novel insight sizes precise diverse traits highlight potential enhancing multivariate images.

Язык: Английский

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Is shape in the eye of the beholder? Assessing landmarking error in geometric morphometric analyses on live fish

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11, С. e15545 - e15545

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023

Geometric morphometrics is widely used to quantify morphological variation between biological specimens, but the fundamental influence of operator bias on data reproducibility rarely considered, particularly in studies using photographs live animals taken under field conditions. We examined this four independent operators that applied an identical landmarking scheme replicate 291 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from two rivers. Using repeated measures tests, we found significant inter-operator differences mean body shape, suggesting introduced a systematic error despite following same scheme. No were detected when process was by random subset photographs. Importantly, spite bias, small statistically fish rivers consistently all operators. Pairwise tests angles vectors shape change showed these between-river analogous across datasets, general findings obtained geometric morphometric studies. In contrast, merging landmark each river are digitised different had impact downstream analyses, highlighting intrinsic risk bias. Overall, show that, even during digitisation, can identify populations. This study indicates digitising at least sub-set groups interest may be effective way mitigating and potentially enabling sharing.

Язык: Английский

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Morphological differences between wild and game‐farm Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in North America

Ibis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Large‐scale releases of domesticated, game‐farm Mallards Anas platyrhynchos to supplement wild populations have resulted in widespread introgressive hybridization that changed the genetic constitution eastern North America. The resulting gene flow is well documented between and Mallards, but mechanistic consequences from such interactions remain unknown We provide first study characterize investigate potential differences morphology genetically known, used nine morphological measurements discriminate with 96% accuracy. Compared their counterparts, had longer bodies tarsi, shorter heads wings, shorter, wider taller bills. nail on end bill was longer, Mallard bills a greater lamellae:bill length ratio than Mallards. Differences body morphologies are consistent an artificial, terrestrial life whereby fed pelleted foods, artificial selection for more ‘goose‐like’ bill. posit that: (1) diverged ancestral traits flying filter feeding towards becoming optimized run peck food; (2) over last 400 years domestic environments likely be maladaptive wild; (3) introgression into reduce fitness. Understanding effects requires analysis various × hybrid generations determine how domestically derived persist or diminish each generation.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Climate and Land Use on Different Facets of Mammal Diversity in Giant Panda Range

Animals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 630 - 630

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Understanding the patterns and drivers of different facets biodiversity is crucial for conservation under global environmental change. In this study, we present first assessment taxonomic, functional phylogenetic diversity 171 mammals in giant panda range their associations with climate, land use factors topographic heterogeneity. We found that showed a very pattern species richness diversity. Additionally, mammal assemblages were more functionally diverse but phylogenetically similar than expected by chance few regions after controlling richness. Furthermore, was positively correlated heterogeneity, proportion forest, mean annual temperature anomaly negatively precipitation between current historical periods, while both are predominantly climate factors. Specifically, higher mainly lower cropland, precipitation, periods. These results indicate large mismatches driving taxonomic other importance contemporary conditions periods determining range. Overall, our findings highlight integrating multiple dimensions to infer underlying processes spatial better inform management planning.

Язык: Английский

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CaecilianTraits, an individual level trait database of Caecilians worldwide

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Functional traits differ among species, which determine the ecological niche a species occupies and its ability to adapt environment. However, differences in also exist at intraspecific level. Such variations shape individual survival capabilities. Investigating of functional is important for ecology, evolutionary biology biodiversity conservation. Individual trait-based approaches have been applied plant ecology. But animals, most databases only provide data In this study, we presented global database morphological caecilians (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) both Caecilians are unique group amphibians characterized by their secretive habits, limited our understanding taxon. We compiled comprehensive covering 218 out 222 known with 215 them level data. This will facilitate research biology, conservation taxonomy caecilians. Furthermore, dataset can be utilized test hypotheses

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

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Scale-dependent dispersal drives community assembly of breeding birds along elevational gradients

Ecological Processes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Abstract Background Identifying the processes that govern community assembly along elevational gradients has been a central theme in ecology, especially montane ecosystems where abundant species and strong turnover are present. However, our understanding of how relative importance deterministic stochastic varies remains limited. Here, we compiled rigorously curated dataset distributions 734 breeding bird across Hengduan Mountains China to assess dominant underlying mechanisms at both intra-community inter-community scales four elevation zones: low, middle, subalpine, alpine. Results At scale, homogeneous dispersal played pivotal role driving birds Mountains. Deterministic became more influential with increasing elevation, whereas prevailed subalpine zones. assemblages from different zones were differentiated by limitation. Non-Passeriformes experienced obvious influence but less subject limitation compared Passeriformes. Conclusions Our findings highlight shaping biotic communities ecosystems, this effect is scale-dependent. The transition suggests environmental factors become higher elevations. Species ability may affect these two assembly.

Язык: Английский

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