Insecticides, more than herbicides, land use, and climate, are associated with declines in butterfly species richness and abundance in the American Midwest

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(6), С. e0304319 - e0304319

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

Mounting evidence shows overall insect abundances are in decline globally. Habitat loss, climate change, and pesticides have all been implicated, but their relative effects never evaluated a comprehensive large-scale study. We harmonized 17 years of land use, climate, multiple classes pesticides, butterfly survey data across 81 counties five states the US Midwest. find community-wide declines total abundance species richness to be most strongly associated with insecticides general, for use neonicotinoid-treated seeds particular. This included migratory monarch ( Danaus plexippus ), whose is focus intensive debate public concern. Insect cannot understood without on putative drivers, 2015 cessation neonicotinoid releases will impede future research.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid butterfly declines across the United States during the 21st century

Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 387(6738), С. 1090 - 1094

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Numerous declines have been documented across insect groups, and the potential consequences of losses are dire. Butterflies most surveyed taxa, yet analyses limited in geographic scale or rely on data from a single monitoring program. Using records 12.6 million individual butterflies >76,000 surveys 35 programs, we characterized overall species-specific butterfly abundance trends contiguous United States. Between 2000 2020, total fell by 22% 554 recorded species. Species-level were widespread, with 13 times as many species declining increasing. The prevalence throughout all regions States highlights an urgent need to protect further losses.

Язык: Английский

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Potential for bird–insect phenological mismatch in a tri‐trophic system

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Climate change is altering the seasonal timing of biological events across tree life. Phenological asynchrony has potential to hasten population declines and disrupt ecosystem function. However, we lack broad comparisons degree sensitivity common phenological cues multiple trophic levels. Overcoming complexity integrating data levels essential for identifying spatial locations species which mismatches are most likely occur. Here, synthesized over 15 years three estimate four interacting in eastern North America: green-up forest canopy trees, emergence adult Lepidoptera arrival subsequent breeding migratory birds. We next quantified magnitude shift per one unit springtime temperature accumulation as measured by accumulated growing days (GDD). expected responses spring be related physiology, thus predicting a weaker response birds GDD than that insects plants. found insect plant phenology indeed had similarly strong GDD, while bird lower sensitivity. also vegetation were more sensitive higher latitudes, but was less latitudes. Migratory with slow migration pace, early arrivals northerly wintering grounds shifted their most. Across Eastern Temperate Forests, similar shifts support use remotely sensed track how food resources shifting climate change. Our results indicate that, our plant-insect-bird system, bird-insect link greater mismatch insect-plant link, risk decoupling at

Язык: Английский

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Understanding and counteracting the denial of insect biodiversity loss

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 68, С. 101338 - 101338

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of occupancy decline among cold‐adapted Arctic and boreal butterflies in North America

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Global climate change has been identified as a potential driver of observed insect declines, yet in many regions, there are critical data gaps that make it difficult to assess how communities responding change. Poleward regions particular interest because warming is most rapid while biodiversity sparse. Building on recent advances occupancy modeling presence‐only data, we reconstructed 50 years (1970–2019) butterfly trends response rising minimum temperatures one the under‐sampled North America. Among 90 modeled species, found cold‐adapted species far more often decline compared with their warm‐adapted, southernly distributed counterparts. Furthermore, post hoc analysis using species' traits, find range‐wide average annual temperature only consistent predictor changes. Species warmer ranges were likely be increasing occupancy. This trend results majority butterflies probability over last years. Our provide first look at macroscale shifts high‐latitude These highlight leveraging wealth abundant source for inferring changes distributions.

Язык: Английский

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Overwintering strategy regulates phenological sensitivity and consequences for ecological services in a clade of temperate North American insects

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(5), С. 1075 - 1088

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Abstract Recent reports of insect declines have raised concerns about the potential for concomitant losses to ecosystem processes. However, understanding causes and consequences is challenging, especially given data deficiencies most species. Needed are approaches that can help quantify magnitude at levels above Here we present an analytical framework assessing broad‐scale plant–insect phenologies their relationship community‐level abundance patterns. We intentionally apply a species‐neutral approach analyse trends in phenology macroecological scale. Because both critical processes, estimate aggregate metrics using overwintering (diapause) stage, key species trait regulating environmental sensitivities. This be used across broad spatiotemporal scales multiple taxa, including less well‐studied groups. Using community (‘citizen’) science butterfly observations from platforms Eastern USA, show relationships between drivers, depend on diapause stage. In particular, egg‐diapausing butterflies marked changes adult‐onset relation plant rapidly declining over 20‐year span study region. Our results also demonstrate negative warmer winters butterflies, irrespective phenology. sum, stage strongly shapes phenological sensitivities developmental requirements seasons, providing basis predicting impacts change trophic levels. Utilizing ties thermal performance life stages climate lower‐trophic‐level provides step towards processes provided by other herbivorous insects into future. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Inconsistent shifts in warming and temperature variability are linked to reduced avian fitness

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2023

As the climate has warmed, many birds have advanced their breeding timing. However, as change also changes temperature distributions, earlier might increase nestling exposure to either extreme heat or cold. Here, we combine >300,000 records from 24 North American with historical data understand how temperatures changed. Average spring increased since 1950 but in timing of extremes was inconsistent direction and magnitude; thus, populations could not track both average temperatures. Relative fitness reduced following heatwaves cold snaps 11 16 species, respectively. Latitudinal variation sensitivity three widespread species suggests that vulnerability at range limits may contribute shifts. Our results add evidence demonstrating understanding individual its links population level processes is critical for predicting changing climates.

Язык: Английский

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Insect biomass shows a stronger decrease than species richness along urban gradients

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(2), С. 182 - 188

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Anthropogenic land cover change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, with urbanisation and farmland practices responsible for some the most drastic modifications natural habitats. The relative importance different covers shaping insect communities, however, unclear. This study examines effect urban covers, along heterogeneity, at landscape scale on species richness, evenness biomass flying insects using citizen science carnet sampling across Denmark. Increasing had negative richness but an even stronger biomass. Increased heterogeneity did not mitigate cover. Insect assemblages also became more increased Farmland no significant or Based our findings, has strong impact indicating that could contribute to declines. Moreover, findings indicate loss occurs through than species, which may affect ecosystem‐level consequences urbanisation.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of urbanization on health depends on the health metric, life stage and level of urbanization: a global meta-analysis on avian species

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 291(2027)

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024

Stressors associated with urban habitats have been linked to poor wildlife health but whether a general negative relationship between urbanization and animal can be affirmed is unclear. We conducted meta-analysis of avian literature test biomarkers differed on average non-urban environments, there are systematic differences across species, biomarkers, life stages species traits. Our dataset included 644 effect sizes derived from 112 articles published 1989 2022, 51 bird species. First, we showed that was no clear impact when categorized the sampling locations as or non-urban. However, did find small this dichotomous variable replaced by quantitative representing degree at each location. Second, dependent type biomarker measured well individual stage, young individuals being more negatively affected. comprehensive analysis calls for future studies disentangle specific urban-related drivers might obscured in categorical versus comparisons.

Язык: Английский

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Data of the Insect Biome Atlas: a metabarcoding survey of the terrestrial arthropods of Sweden and Madagascar

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2024

Abstract We present the data from Insect Biome Atlas project (IBA), characterizing terrestrial arthropod faunas of Sweden and Madagascar. Over 12 months, weekly Malaise trap samples were collected at 203 locations within 100 sites in 50 33 Madagascar; this was complemented by soil litter each site. The field comprise 4,749 trap, 192 2,566 190 Samples processed using mild lysis or homogenization, followed DNA metabarcoding COI (418 bp). 698,378 non-chimeric sequence variants 687,866 Madagascar, representing 33,989 (33,046 Arthropoda) 77,599 (77,380 operational taxonomic units, respectively. These are most comprehensive presented on these so far, allowing unique analyses size, composition, spatial turnover seasonal dynamics sampled communities. They also provide an invaluable baseline against which to gauge future changes.

Язык: Английский

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