Impact of Cropland Management on Invertebrate Richness and Abundance in Agroforestry Systems in Bali, Indonesia

Land, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(4), С. 493 - 493

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

The intensive management of cropland refers to a reduction in habitat complexity (i.e., shade tree cover, species richness, crop richness) gain more profits. This usually entails decrease biodiversity, but agroforestry systems have been shown provide solution the need for profits while maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. Invertebrates are important bioindicators since they not just affected by complexity; also key maintenance ecosystems given their ecological roles. We aimed understand how agricultural intensification impacted invertebrate abundance richness an system Bali, Indonesia. set up 53 × 25 m2 plots collected data via pitfall pan traps. linked those vegetation (canopy richness), type (rustic vs. polyculture), productivity. Overall, we found that taxa were positively influenced increasing canopy cover richness. supports heterogeneity hypothesis, which indicates increased promotes higher abundance. certain taxa, including agents biocontrol, increase with yields, thus solidifying role communities provision Harvesting crops from complex ensures sustainable income local as well habitats invertebrates.

Язык: Английский

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Phenological constancy and management interventions predict population trends in at‐risk butterflies in the United States

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(10), С. 2455 - 2469

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Abstract Changes in phenology are a common response to climate change, but their impact on population dynamics is often ambiguous and at‐risk species omitted from most analyses. We assessed the relationship between change abundance for 114 butterfly populations of 31 five families 10 US states. used data Pollard‐walk similar monitoring programmes which count were collected multiple occasions per year. also information managers site‐level management interventions. To estimate abundance, we first fit separate smoothing splines each at site. Yearly was estimated as area under activity curve that year, this, trends over period had data. Phenological shifts measured changes median date, beginning flight season, duration season phenological constancy (negative magnitude date). evaluated association ecological traits (voltinism, diet breadth, position within geographic range, ecoregion, overwintering stage seasonality) (proportion years with interventions) phenology. Across all populations, trend −0.085, equivalent an 8.1% decline/year. Positive associated smaller date (higher constancy). found strong associations interventions, increased increasing trends. In general, not strongly or abundance. Synthesis applications : Populations less more likely be rapidly declining frequent interventions increasing. These results suggest one key outcome may mitigate some impacts turn contribute higher growth. imply need alter timing appropriate synchronize activities shift

Язык: Английский

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Evidence-base for urban green-blue infrastructure to support insect diversity

Urban Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 28(1), С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2024

Abstract Green-blue urban infrastructures potentially offer win-win benefits for people and nature in areas. Given increasing evidence of widespread declines insects, as well their ecological importance, there is a need to better understand the potential role green-blue infrastructure insect conservation. In this review, we evaluated 201 studies about ability support diversity. Most were focused on local landscape-level characteristics infrastructure. Fewer explicitly compared one type another, even fewer communities between traditional Overall, body research highlights importance plant diversity reduced intensity management (e.g., mowing) most taxon groups. While seem be generally more important than landscape factors, within can also depend connectivity context. Some types are beneficial others; instance, ground-level habitats tend insects green roofs. Few simultaneously studied synergies or trade-offs with other services provided by infrastructure, but environmental variables, such tree cover diversity, that affect likely provision improving thermal comfort well-being people. Our review offers some initial how could designed multifunctionality mind.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanical management decreases arthropod biomass by changing vegetation structure in fallow fields of high conservation value

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Abstract Arthropods play key roles in ecosystems as pollinators or food resources for many birds. The decline arthropods farmland due to agricultural intensification is related negative population trends Semi‐natural areas such fallow land are valuable habitats arthropod communities farmland, but the potential of these boost biodiversity greatly depends on their management. We used a field experiment explore mechanisms behind effects mechanical management high conservation value land. GLMMs changes abundance after treatment application, and pSEM discriminate direct treatments from indirect mediated by vegetation structure. Tillage had stronger than shredding total arthropod, spider bee abundance, which were reduction height, green cover flowering. Coleoptera biomass did not vary between treatments. differences disappeared 2 3 months application biomass, Orthoptera bees. Synthesis applications . Low‐intensity fallows has short‐term abundance. For purposes, should combine untreated fields (or strips within fields) communities, with low‐intensity create suitable breeding steppe

Язык: Английский

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Prenatal Corticosterone Impacts Nestling Condition and Immunity in Eastern Bluebirds

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Exposure of avian mothers to stressful conditions permanently alters offspring behavior and physiology. Yet, the effects maternal stress on development immunity in birds remain unclear, particularly wild species. We injected Eastern bluebird ( Sialia sialis ) eggs with either a corticosterone or control solution, then measured impacts nestling morphology two measures immunity, bactericidal capacity swelling responses phytohemagglutinin. Nestlings from corticosterone‐treated had lower condition indices at hatch but quickly caught up their counterparts by Day 5 posthatch until fledging. Corticosterone‐exposed nestlings also mounted smaller phytohemagglutinin, whereas there were no capacity. These results indicate that can impact immunocompetence, fitness prospects, potentially ability fend off parasites pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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Spatial and temporal variation in farmland bird nesting ecology: implications for effective Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra conservation

Bird Conservation International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Summary Incomplete knowledge of the drivers local productivity may contribute to on-going decline farmland bird populations despite conservation efforts. We therefore investigated spatial and temporal variation in breeding phenology, nest habitat, survival Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra , a species concern central western Europe. Among 225 nests from seven study areas cropland-dominated, mixed, grassland-dominated landscapes, nesting phenology spread between April August, started earlier at lower altitudes, progressed grassland arable crop agri-environment scheme flower field habitats. Nest habitats varied substantially years, but most were placed cultivated land where they prone fail due land-use operations. differed markedly habitats, being lowest second-year fields highest fallow grassland. Since we protected known nests, raw estimates only account for “natural” losses, e.g. adverse weather or predation. To estimate additional “anthropogenic” calculated probabilities schedules conflict with patch-specific dates. After taking into estimated 0.56 mowing, 0.64 clover harvest, 0.38 grazing, habitat-specific “total Mayfield survival” declined 21%, 13%, 20% meadows, alfalfa/clover-grass leys, pastures, respectively. These held about two thirds mixed highlighting relevance use-driven losses. enhance beyond thresholds required population persistence, propose refined schemes that improve within production farmland, best coupled development prolific “Corn landscapes”.

Язык: Английский

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Six ways to handle dependent effect sizes in meta-analytic structural equation modeling: Is there a gold standard?

Research Synthesis Methods, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 27

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Abstract The current meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) techniques cannot properly deal with cases where there are multiple effect sizes available for the same relationship from study. Existing applications either treat these as independent, randomly select one size amongst many, or create an average size. None of approaches inherent dependency in sizes, and leads to biased estimates loss information power. An alternative technique is use univariate three-level two-stage approach model dependencies. These different strategies dealing dependent context MASEM have not been previously compared a simulation This study aims compare performance across conditions; varying number studies, within correlation between magnitude path coefficient, between-studies variance. We examine relative bias parameter standard errors, coverage proportions confidence intervals, well mean error power measures efficiency. results suggest that method performs all criteria, pointing need better methods.

Язык: Английский

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A Picky Predator and Its Prey: How Snow Conditions and Ptarmigan Abundance Impact Gyrfalcon Feeding Behaviour and Breeding Success

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Species interactions can be altered by climate change but also mediate its effects. The gyrfalcon ( Falco rusticolus ) and the ptarmigan Lagopus spp.) form a predator–prey couple that reflects dynamics of boreal, tundra, alpine ecosystems. To determine how may impact food web, we investigated abundance local weather diet feeding behaviour, nest occupancy, reproductive success. Using wildlife cameras, monitored nests throughout nestling period to collect data on behaviour. We quantified gyrfalcon's functional response describing kill rates relate density. Additionally, numerical demographic aggregative success respectively, were related density, using from large‐scale monitoring projects. Ptarmigan dominant prey species, representing 98% diet. proportion in breeding increased springs with more snow, decreased snow during period. Gyrfalcon was positively occupancy rate not These results indicate effect is straightforward, investigating (a)biotic factors both predator relevant predicting will respond change. Following current predictions, spring occur earlier, which food‐web structure through availability diversity other species. This requires adaptations gyrfalcons predators. emphasise predators species accurately evaluated multi‐species level rather than individually.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence for urban food limitation in a widespread invasive lizard

Urban Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(3)

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The importance of high streamflow and bank erosion for the Bank Swallow, a sentinel species of alluvial river systems

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 174, С. 113460 - 113460

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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