Climate change, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity: the problem and the evidence

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 7(1), С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2014

Abstract Many studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them to climate change. However, controversy uncertainty has arisen around three levels of inference such studies. First, it proven difficult conclusively distinguish whether are genetically based or the result plasticity. Second, not change is adaptive usually assumed rather than tested. Third, inferences that specific causal agent rarely involved testing – exclusion other potential drivers. We here review various ways which above been attempted, evaluate strength support each approach can provide. This methodological assessment sets stage for 11 accompanying articles attempt comprehensive syntheses what currently known about responses a variety taxa theory. Summarizing relying on results these reviews, we arrive at conclusion evidence genetic adaptation found some systems, but still relatively scarce. Most importantly, clear more needed must employ better inferential methods before general conclusions be drawn. Overall, hope present paper special issue provide inspiration future research guidelines best practices its execution.

Язык: Английский

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The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 354(6313)

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2016

Accumulating impacts Anthropogenic climate change is now in full swing, our global average temperature already having increased by 1°C from preindustrial levels. Many studies have documented individual of the changing that are particular to species or regions, but accumulating and being amplified more broadly. Scheffers et al. review set been observed across genes, species, ecosystems reveal a world undergoing substantial change. Understanding causes, consequences, potential mitigation these changes will be essential as we move forward into warming world. Science , this issue p. 10.1126/science.aaf7671

Язык: Английский

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Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 3

Опубликована: Май 4, 2016

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of ocean that have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence responses life to recent climate across regions, from tropical seas polar oceans. We consider observed calcification rates, demography, abundance, distribution phenology species. draw on a database impacts species, supplemented with Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel Change. discuss factors limit or facilitate species' responses, such as fishing pressure, availability prey, habitat, light other resources, dispersal by currents. find general trends species are consistent expectations change, including poleward deeper distributional shifts, advances spring phenology, declines increases abundance warm-water The volume type variable regions taxonomic groups, much derived heavily-studied north Atlantic Ocean. Most investigations biological changing temperature, few observations effects oxygen, wave climate, precipitation (coastal waters) acidification. Observations been linked anthropogenic widespread, but still lacking some groups (e.g., phytoplankton, benthic invertebrates, mammals).

Язык: Английский

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Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 733, С. 137782 - 137782

Опубликована: Март 11, 2020

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services in U.S. implications for natural resource management. We draw from 4th National Assessment summarize observed projected changes ecosystems explore linkages important services, discuss associated challenges opportunities find that species are responding through morphology behavior, phenology, geographic range shifts, these mediated by plastic evolutionary responses. Responses populations, combined with direct effects (including more extreme events), resulting widespread productivity, interactions, vulnerability biological invasions, other emergent properties. Collectively, alter benefits can provide society. Although not all negative, even positive require costly societal adjustments. Natural managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies consider historical future outlooks minimize costs over long term. Many organizations beginning approaches, but implementation yet prevalent or systematic across nation.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change vulnerability assessment of species

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2018

Assessing species' vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies conserve them. The last three decades have seen exponential growth in the number of studies evaluating how, how much, why, when, and where species will be impacted by change. We provide an overview rapidly field assessment (CCVA) describe key concepts, terms, steps considerations. stress importance identifying full range pressures, impacts their associated mechanisms that face using this as basis selecting appropriate approaches quantifying vulnerability. outline four CCVA approaches, namely trait‐based, correlative, mechanistic combined discuss use. Since any can deliver unreliable or even misleading results when incorrect data parameters are applied, we finding, selecting, applying input examples open‐access resources. Because rare, small‐range, declining‐range often particular conservation concern while also posing significant challenges CCVA, alternative ways assess CCVAs used inform IUCN Red List assessments extinction risk. Finally, suggest future directions propose areas research efforts may particularly valuable. This article categorized under: Climate, Ecology, Conservation > Extinction Risk

Язык: Английский

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Physiological impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and ocean acidification on fish

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 307(9), С. R1061 - R1084

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2014

Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance; however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on have documented impacts at CO 2 levels predicted occur before end this century. Notable neurosensory and behavioral endpoints, otolith growth, mitochondrial function, metabolic rate demonstrate an unexpected sensitivity current-day near-future levels. explanations these seem center increases in Pco HCO 3 − that body during pH compensation balance; few measured parameters environmentally relevant or directly related them reported negative endpoints. This compensatory response is well documented, but noted variation dynamic regulation transport pathways across species, exposure levels, duration suggests multiple strategies may be utilized cope with hypercapnia. Understanding changes ion gradients extracellular intracellular compartments could provide basis predicting explaining interspecies variation. Based analysis existing literature, present review presents clear message cause significant physiological systems, suggesting does not necessarily confer tolerance as downstream consequences tradeoffs occur. It remains difficult assess if acclimation responses abrupt exposures will translate fitness over longer timescales. Nonetheless, identifying mechanisms processes subject selective pressure one important components assessing adaptive capacity.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change in the oceans: evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 7(1), С. 104 - 122

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2013

Abstract I summarize marine studies on plastic versus adaptive responses to global change. Due the lack of time series, this review focuses largely potential for evolution in animals and plants. The approaches were mainly synchronic comparisons phenotypically divergent populations, substituting spatial contrasts temperature or CO 2 environments temporal changes, assessments genetic diversity within populations traits important under available literature is biased towards gastropods, crustaceans, cnidarians macroalgae. Focal mostly environmental tolerances, which correspond phenotypic buffering, a plasticity type that maintains functional phenotype despite external disturbance. Almost all address coastal species are already today exposed fluctuations temperature, p H oxygen levels. Recommendations future research include (i) initiation analyses observational experimental encompassing diverse (including diapausing cues, dispersal traits, reproductive timing, morphology) (ii) quantification nongenetic trans‐generational effects along with components additive variance (iii) changes microbe–host associations holobiont model response change (iv) patterns increasingly fluctuating extreme conditions (v) joint consideration demography evolutionary adaptation rescue approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Climate Change Effects on North American Inland Fish Populations and Assemblages

Fisheries, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 41(7), С. 346 - 361

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2016

Abstract Climate is a critical driver of many fish populations, assemblages, and aquatic communities. However, direct observational studies climate change impacts on North American inland fishes are rare. In this synthesis, we (1) summarize trends that may influence populations (2) compile 31 peer-reviewed documented effects (3) highlight four case representing variety observed responses ranging from warmwater systems in the southwestern southeastern United States to coldwater along Pacific Coast Canadian Shield. We conclude by identifying key data gaps research needs inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches managing fisheries changing climate. El clima es un factor forzante clave para muchas poblaciones y ensambles de peces comunidades acuáticas. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios observacionales acerca impactos del cambio climático en aguas continentales Norte América. En esta síntesis se resumen las tendencias climáticas que pueden influir América, compilan trabajos arbitrados documentan efectos sobre América comentan cuatro casos estudio representan una variedad respuestas observadas van desde sistemas cálidas el suroeste sureste Los EE.UU., hasta frías lo largo la costa Pacífico escudo canadiense. Finalmente, identifican huecos información necesidades investigación tendientes proporcionar diseñar enfoques ecosistémicos con fin manejar pesquerías cara cambiante. Le climat est facteur critique pour nombreuses poissons, bancs et communautés aquatiques. Cependant, les études d'observation directe des changements climatiques sur poissons continentaux d'Amérique du Nord sont rares. Dans cette synthèse, nous résumons tendances qui peuvent influencer Nord, compilons examinées par pairs effets documentés changement climatique dl'Amérique mettons l'accent quatre cas représentant une variété réponses observées allant systèmes d'eaux chaudes dans le sud-ouest sud-est États-Unis aux d'eau froide long côte Pacifique Bouclier canadien. Nous concluons identifiant lacunes matière données clés besoins recherche informer approches fondées écosystèmes adaptatifs à gestion pêches face au climatique.

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Physiological constraints to climate warming in fish follow principles of plastic floors and concrete ceilings

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Май 17, 2016

Abstract Understanding the resilience of aquatic ectothermic animals to climate warming has been hindered by absence experimental systems experiencing across relevant timescales (for example, decades). Here, we examine European perch ( Perca fluviatilis, L. ) from Biotest enclosure, a unique coastal ecosystem that maintains natural thermal fluctuations but warmed 5–10 °C nuclear power plant for over three decades. We show grow faster and display thermally compensated resting cardiorespiratory functions compared with reference living at temperatures in adjacent waters. However, maximum capacities heat tolerance limits exhibit limited or no compensation when acutely heated perch. propose while basal energy requirements (floors) are plastic, upper critical (ceilings) much less flexible thus will limit adaptive capacity fishes climate.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change and marine vertebrates

Science, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 350(6262), С. 772 - 777

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2015

Climate change impacts on vertebrates have consequences for marine ecosystem structures and services. We review fish, mammal, turtle, seabird responses to climate discuss their potential adaptation. Direct indirect are demonstrated from every ocean. Because of variation in research foci, observed differ among taxonomic groups (redistributions phenology seabirds). Mechanisms (i) direct physiological (ii) climate-mediated predator-prey interactions. Regional-scale climate-demographic functions makes range-wide population dynamics challenging predict. The nexus metabolism relative productivity food webs appears key predicting future effects vertebrates. Integration climate, oceanographic, ecosystem, models that incorporate evolutionary processes is needed prioritize the climate-related conservation needs these species.

Язык: Английский

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