Deep reticulation: the long legacy of hybridization in vascular plant evolution

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 114(4), С. 743 - 766

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023

Hybridization has long been recognized as a fundamental evolutionary process in plants but, until recently, our understanding of its phylogenetic distribution and biological significance across deep scales largely obscure. Over the past decade, genomic phylogenomic datasets have revealed, perhaps not surprisingly, that hybridization, often associated with polyploidy, common throughout history plants, particularly various lineages flowering plants. However, studies also highlighted challenges disentangling signals ancient hybridization from other sources conflict (in particular, incomplete lineage sorting). Here, we provide critical review vascular outlining well-documented cases plant phylogeny, well unique to documenting versus recent hybridization. We definition for which, knowledge, explicitly attempted before. Further extent reticulation should remain an important research focus, especially because published examples likely represent tip iceberg terms total future increasingly explore macroevolutionary this process, impact on trajectories (e.g. how does influence trait evolution or generation biodiversity over time scales?), life ecological factors shape, shaped, frequency geologic phylogeny. Finally, consider implications ubiquitous conceptualize, analyze, classify Networks, opposed bifurcating trees, more accurate representations many cases, although ability infer, visualize, use networks comparative analyses is highly limited. Developing improved methods generation, visualization, represents direction biology. Current classification systems do generally allow recognition reticulate lineages, classifications themselves are based evidence chloroplast genome. Updating better reflect nuclear phylogenies, considering whether recognize systems, will challenge systematics community.

Язык: Английский

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Clustered warming tolerances and the nonlinear risks of biodiversity loss on a warming planet

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1917)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to become a major driver of biodiversity loss, destabilizing the ecosystems on which human society depends. As planet rapidly warms, disruption ecological interactions among populations, species and their environment, will likely drive positive feedback loops, accelerating pace magnitude losses. We propose that, even without invoking such amplifying feedback, loss should increase nonlinearly with warming because non-uniform distribution biodiversity. Whether these non-uniformities are uneven populations across species’ thermal niche, or niche limits within an community, we show that in both cases, resulting clustering population tolerances drives nonlinear increases risk discuss how fundamental constraints physiologies geographical distributions give rise clustered tolerances, responses changing climates could variously temper, delay intensify dynamics. argue risks be null expectation under warming, highlight empirical research needed understand causes, commonness consequences better predict where, when why losses occur. This article part discussion meeting issue ‘Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace’s legacy for biodiverse future’.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of limits to adaptation on population and community persistence in a changing environment

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1917)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

A key issue in predicting how ecosystems will respond to environmental change is understanding why populations and communities are able live reproduce some parts of ecological geographical space, but not others. The limits adaptation that cause niches vary position width across taxa contexts determine emerge from selection on phenotypes genomes. Ecological trade-offs mean can only be optimal environments unless these reshaped through evolution. However, the amount rate evolution limited by genetic architectures, developmental systems (including phenotypic plasticity) legacies recent evolutionary history. Here, we summarize adaptive their consequences time (evolutionary rescue) space (species’ range limits), relating theoretical predictions empirical tests. We then highlight avenues for future research this area, better connections between demography analysing genomic architecture adaptation, dynamics plasticity interactions biotic abiotic environment. Progress questions help us understand when where allow species persist face rapid change. This article part discussion meeting ‘Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace's legacy a biodiverse future’.

Язык: Английский

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Hidden genetic variation in plasticity provides the potential for rapid adaptation to novel environments

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 239(1), С. 374 - 387

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

Rapid environmental change is forcing populations into environments where plasticity will no longer maintain fitness. When are exposed to novel environments, evolutionary theory predicts that genetic variation in fitness increase and should be associated with differences plasticity. If true, then can adaptive potential population persistence via rescue more likely. To test whether increases plasticity, we transplanted 8149 clones of 314 genotypes a Sicilian daisy (Senecio chrysanthemifolius) within outside its native range, quantified fitness, leaf traits gene expression. Although mean declined by 87% the environment, variance increased threefold was correlated traits. High showed greater expression, but lower most Interestingly, highest environment had lowest at site. These results suggest standing could help persist adapt despite remaining hidden environments.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental effects on genetic variance are likely to constrain adaptation in novel environments

Evolution Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(3), С. 374 - 386

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Abstract Adaptive plasticity allows populations to cope with environmental variation but is expected fail as conditions become unfamiliar. In novel conditions, may instead rely on rapid adaptation increase fitness and avoid extinction. Adaptation should be fastest when both selection occur in directions of the multivariate phenotype that contain abundant genetic variation. However, tests this prediction from field experiments are rare. Here, we quantify how additive variance a changes across an elevational gradient, test whether align We do so using two closely related, ecologically distinct, sister species Sicilian daisy (Senecio, Asteraceae) adapted high low elevations Mt. Etna. Using quantitative breeding design, generated then reciprocally planted c. 19,000 seeds species, gradient spanning each species’ native elevation, quantified mortality five leaf traits emergent seedlings. found changed more than between species. The high-elevation at lower showed distribution among traits, which reduced amount phenotype. By contrast, low-elevation mainly was concentrated direction For trait contained moderate variance. Together, these data suggest where adaptive, for initially plastic response could promote adaptation. large effects likely reduce adaptive potential environments.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation: A Comparative Analysis of Roscoea alpina and R. purpurea in the Himalayas

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(4), С. 2265 - 2265

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Environmental stress at high altitudes drives the development of distinct adaptive mechanisms in plants. However, studies exploring genetic high-altitude plant species are scarce. In present study, we explored plants Himalayas through whole-genome resequencing. We studied two widespread members Himalayan endemic alpine genus Roscoea (Zingiberaceae): R. alpina (a selfing species) and purpurea (an outcrossing species). These distributed widely with non-overlapping altitude distributions; is higher elevations, occurs lower elevations. Compared to purpurea, exhibited levels linkage disequilibrium, Tajima’s D, inbreeding coefficient, as well recombination rates diversity. Approximately 96.3% genes reference genome underwent significant divergence (FST ≥ 0.25). reported 58 completely divergent = 1), which only 17 were annotated specific functions. The functions these primarily related adapting characteristics environments. Our findings provide novel insights into how evolutionary innovations promote adaptation mountain harsh habitats.

Язык: Английский

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Is Ambrosia trifida L. Preparing for a Wider Invasion? Changes in the Plant Morpho-Functional Traits over a Decade

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8), С. 1601 - 1601

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024

Plastic traits are argued to favor the establishment of invasive alien plants and evolve during invasion process, so that invasions may be favored by both plasticity evolutionary changes in plasticity. Despite this aspect being pivotal understanding processes, no information is available about effect residence time on evolution phenotypic aliens produce locally adapted phenotypes. Therefore, we aimed evaluate morpho-functional Ambrosia trifida L. over time. Specifically, grew A. under laboratory (at different temperatures: 10 °C, 20 °C 25 °C) field conditions using seeds collected from 2011 2020 an Eastern European population. Data seedling emergence, vegetative (laboratory field) reproductive (field) were collected, e.g., maximum plant height (cm), total dry biomass (g), number flowers (n) new (n). Analysis variance (ANOVA), linear regressions a index applied assess differences performances when grown ages. An auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was predict future trends some key (maximum height, seeds). Overall, emergence not statistically among age, regression analyses exhibited positive relationship between (seed age) parameters trifida. Only male flower production negative trend At all temperatures (especially at °C), increased with decrease The measured tended for most trials. ARIMA predicted will continue increase size 2030, suggesting further plastic adaptation results highlighted influences trifida, which has strengthened its adaptability decade, also demonstrating great adaptive potential future.

Язык: Английский

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Genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides insights into the genomic basis of reproduction-related traits in Chouardia litardierei (Asparagaceae)

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2025

Chouardia litardierei, commonly known as amethyst meadow squill, is a plant species characterized by profound ecological plasti vcity. As wild, non-model species, it represents suitable system for gaining insights into the genomic background of local adaptation process. By implementing genome-environment and genome-wide association studies, we sought to investigate regions related development several reproduction-related traits in C. litardierei: sexual reproduction, Average Height Inflorescences (AHI) Total Flower Count (TFC) per genotype, asexual Bulb (BC) genotype. A (GEA) study selected litardierei populations revealed precipitation coldest quarter bioclimatic variable with most substantial influence on detected variability, numerous candidate genes functionally characterized. To evaluate genetic basis combined phenotypic data 214 individuals raised part common garden experiment ddRADseq genotyping results. After various single- multi-locus GWAS models all traits, multiple loci affecting their were recognized. In addition, high, narrow-sense heritability estimates indicated that factors accounted over 55% variance each trait. Notably, highest estimate was observed (71.95%), suggesting its crucial role reproductive success. Functional annotation associated identified key protein families involved biological pathways, including nitrogen metabolism, phytohormone regulation, floral organs development. GEA GWAS, list significantly specific environmental variables morphological reproduction litardierei. These findings provide foundation deeper understanding molecular mechanisms driving processes occurring among from different habitat types. At same time, high further underscore significance

Язык: Английский

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Uncovering the genomic basis of phenological traits in Chouardia litardierei (Asparagaceae) through a genome-wide association study (GWAS)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Chouardia litardierei (Asparagaceae) is a non-model, perennial species characterized by exceptional ecological plasticity. In this research, we studied the genetic architecture underlying several phenological traits in selected ecologically diverged populations of species. We conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genomic regions linked following populations-specific traits: Beginning Sprouting (BOS), Flowering (BOF), Period Duration (FPD), and Vegetation (VPD). Combining data from common garden experiment with an SNP dataset obtained through ddRAD-seq approach, identified numerous loci associated these using single- multi-locus GWAS models. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high for all traits, VPD trait showing highest estimate (86.95%), emphasizing its importance local adaptation. Functional annotation revealed key protein families involved flowering time regulation, vegetative growth timing, stress These findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms adaptation C. ’s different habitats, role factors variation divergence across populations.

Язык: Английский

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Experimental warming increases the vulnerability of high‐elevation plant populations to a specialist herbivore

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(6), С. 1536 - 1552

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Abstract Ongoing climate change may impact alpine plant populations via both direct effects of increased temperature and climate‐driven changes in interactions between plants other organisms, such as insect herbivores. Rates herbivory high‐elevation environments are predicted to increase with warmer temperatures, which also lead morphological physiological traits that influence resistance. Yet, we currently know little about how temperature‐mediated will vulnerability herbivores, well the extent from might need rapidly adapt increasing herbivore pressure rising temperatures. We assessed effect experimental warming on relative Arabis alpina different elevations a specialist herbivore. Herbivore performance was measured nine grown chambers at two representing low (warm) high (cold) elevations. putative drivers performance: phenological, chemical defence traits. Assuming would be adapted local climates levels herbivory, low‐elevation more resistant herbivores under temperatures than populations. found reduced A. warm rather cold conditions, though this varied elevation. Larvae grew faster when whereas similar growth rates were observed for colder consistent adaptation lower existing cold, environments. Regression analyses suggested polar metabolite variation explained variance larval defensive glucosinolates or Our results suggest although responses resistance cold‐adapted differ their warming. Without genetic adaptation, leave these vulnerable increases change. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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