Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 733, С. 137782 - 137782

Опубликована: Март 11, 2020

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services in U.S. implications for natural resource management. We draw from 4th National Assessment summarize observed projected changes ecosystems explore linkages important services, discuss associated challenges opportunities find that species are responding through morphology behavior, phenology, geographic range shifts, these mediated by plastic evolutionary responses. Responses populations, combined with direct effects (including more extreme events), resulting widespread productivity, interactions, vulnerability biological invasions, other emergent properties. Collectively, alter benefits can provide society. Although not all negative, even positive require costly societal adjustments. Natural managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies consider historical future outlooks minimize costs over long term. Many organizations beginning approaches, but implementation yet prevalent or systematic across nation.

Язык: Английский

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Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 368(6492), С. 772 - 775

Опубликована: Май 14, 2020

Local factors restrain forest warming Microclimates are key to understanding how organisms and ecosystems respond macroclimate change, yet they frequently neglected when studying biotic responses global change. Zellweger et al. provide a long-term, continental-scale assessment of the effects micro- on community composition European forests (see Perspective by Lembrechts Nijs). They show that changes in canopy cover fundamentally important for driving climate Closed canopies buffer against macroclimatic change through their cooling effect, slowing shifts composition, whereas open tend accelerate local heating effects. Science , this issue p. 772 ; see also 711

Язык: Английский

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Advances in Microclimate Ecology Arising from Remote Sensing

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 34(4), С. 327 - 341

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2019

Язык: Английский

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High-resolution (1 km) Köppen-Geiger maps for 1901–2099 based on constrained CMIP6 projections

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2023

We introduce Version 2 of our widely used 1-km Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps for historical and future conditions. The (encompassing 1901-1930, 1931-1960, 1961-1990, 1991-2020) are based on high-resolution, observation-based climatologies, while the 2041-2070 2071-2099) downscaled bias-corrected projections seven shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). evaluated 67 models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) kept a subset 42 with most plausible CO2-induced warming rates. estimate that 1901-1930 to 1991-2020, approximately 5% global land surface (excluding Antarctica) transitioned different major class. Furthermore, we project 1991-2020 2071-2099, will transition class under low-emissions SSP1-2.6 scenario, 8% middle-of-the-road SSP2-4.5 13% high-emissions SSP5-8.5 scenario. maps, along associated confidence estimates, underlying monthly air temperature precipitation data, sensitivity metrics CMIP6 models, can be accessed at www.gloh2o.org/koppen .

Язык: Английский

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Above- and belowground linkages shape responses of mountain vegetation to climate change

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 365(6458), С. 1119 - 1123

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2019

Upward shifts of mountain vegetation lag behind rates climate warming, partly related to interconnected changes belowground. Here, we unravel above- and belowground linkages by drawing insights from short-term experimental manipulations elevation gradient studies. Soils will likely gain carbon in early successional ecosystems, while losing as forest expands upward, the slow, high-elevation soil development constrain warming-induced shifts. Current approaches fail predict pace these how much they be modified interactions among plants biota. Integrating soils their biota into monitoring programs, combined with innovative comparative approaches, crucial overcome paucity data better understand ecosystem dynamics feedbacks climate.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of defaunation on plants’ capacity to track climate change

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 375(6577), С. 210 - 214

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2022

Seed dispersal in decline Most plant species depend on animals to disperse their seeds, but this vital function is threatened by the declines animal populations, limiting potential for plants adapt climate change shifting ranges. Using data from more than 400 networks of seed interactions, Fricke et al . quantified changes disposal brought about globally defaunation. Their analyses indicate that past defaunation has severely reduced long-distance dispersal, cutting half number seeds dispersed far enough track change. In addition, approach enables prediction interactions using traits and an estimation how these translate into ecosystem functioning, thus informing ecological forecasting consequences declines. —AMS

Язык: Английский

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A Conceptual Framework for Range-Expanding Species that Track Human-Induced Environmental Change

BioScience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 69(11), С. 908 - 919

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2019

Abstract For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is to distinguish the dynamics such species from those occur without, or with less clear, involvement changes. elucidate salient features rapid increase in number whose human induced, and review relationships differences both natural biological invasions. discuss consequences for science, policy management an era global change highlight four key challenges relating basic gaps knowledge, transfer scientific understanding biodiversity policy. conclude range-expanding responding will become essential feature science Anthropocene. Finally, we propose term neonative these taxa.

Язык: Английский

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Projected climate-driven changes in pollen emission season length and magnitude over the continental United States

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2022

Atmospheric conditions affect the release of anemophilous pollen, and timing magnitude will be altered by climate change. As simulated with a pollen emission model future data, warmer end-of-century temperatures (4-6 K) shift start spring emissions 10-40 days earlier summer/fall weeds grasses 5-15 later lengthen season duration. Phenological shifts depend on temperature response individual taxa, convergence in some regions divergence others. Temperature precipitation alter daily maxima -35 to 40% increase annual total 16-40% due changes phenology temperature-driven production. Increasing atmospheric CO

Язык: Английский

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Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Язык: Английский

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Upward shift and elevational range contractions of subtropical mountain plants in response to climate change

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 783, С. 146896 - 146896

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2021

Elevational range shifts of mountain species in response to climate change have profound impact on biodiversity. However, current evidence indicates great controversies the direction and magnitude elevational across regions. Here, using historical recent occurrence records 83 plant a subtropical mountain, Mt. Gongga (Sichuan, China), we evaluated changes elevation centroids limits (upper lower) along gradients, explored determinants changes. We found that 63.9% shifted their upward, while 22.9% downward. The centroid elevations size were more strongly correlated with lower than upper ranges. was larger predicted by warming precipitation Our results show complex distributions sizes Gongga, change, traits adaptation all influenced movement. As is one global biodiversity hotspots, contains many threatened species, these findings provide support future conservation planning.

Язык: Английский

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