Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Between 2 December 2023 and 15 March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (227) wild (414) birds across 26 countries Europe. Compared to previous years, although still widespread, the overall number of HPAI virus detections was significantly lower, among other reasons, possibly due some level flock immunity previously affected bird species, resulting reduced contamination environment, a different composition circulating A(H5N1) genotypes. Most poultry primary following introduction by birds. Outside Europe, majority clustered North America, while spread more naïve populations on mainland Antarctica is particular concern. For mammals, A(H5N5) for first time goat kids United States America represented natural infection ruminants. Since last report as 12 five human infections, including one death, three which clade 2.3.2.1c viruses, have been Cambodia. China has two fatal case, with A(H5N6), four infections A(H9N2) case co-infection seasonal A(H3N2) A(H10N5). The latter documented Human remain rare no sustained human-to-human observed. risk currently H5 viruses 2.3.4.4b Europe remains low general population EU/EEA. moderate those occupationally or otherwise exposed infected animals.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
45
Bird Study, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 12
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 270, С. 121010 - 121010
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 387(6735), С. 764 - 769
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025
The open ocean twilight zone holds most of the global fish biomass but is poorly understood owing to difficulties measuring subsurface ecosystem processes at scale. We demonstrate that a wide-ranging carnivore—the northern elephant seal—can serve as an sentinel for zone. link basin–scale foraging success with oceanographic indices estimate abundance five decades into past, and future. discovered small variation in maternal amplified larger changes offspring body mass enormous first-year survival recruitment. Worsening conditions could shift predator population trajectories from current growth sharp declines. As integrators, predators reveal impacts future anthropogenic change on ecosystems.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Abstract Inbreeding depression, the loss of offspring fitness due to consanguineous mating, is generally detrimental for individual performance and population viability. We investigated inbreeding effects in a declining Antarctic fur seals ( Arctocephalus gazella ) at Bird Island, South Georgia. Here, localised warming has reduced availability seal’s staple diet, krill, leading temporal increase strength selection against inbred offspring, which are increasingly failing recruit into adult breeding population. However, it remains unclear whether operates before or after nutritional independence weaning. therefore used microsatellite data from 885 pups their mothers, SNP array 98 mother–offspring pairs, quantify maternal on three important neonatal traits: birth mass, survival growth. did not find any clear consistent these traits. This suggests that filters individuals out as juveniles during time window between weaning recruitment. Our study brings focus poorly understood life-history stage emphasises importance understanding ecology threats facing juvenile pinnipeds.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 303 - 322
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract The response to climate change in highly dimorphic species can be hindered by differences between sexes habitat preferences and movement patterns. Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella , is the most abundant pinniped Southern Hemisphere, one of main consumers krill, Euphausia superba Ocean. However, populations breeding Atlantic Ocean are decreasing, partly due global warming. Male female seals differ greatly body size foraging ecology, little known about their sex‐specific responses change. We used satellite tracking data Earth System Models predict changes suitability for male from Western Peninsula under different scenarios. Under extreme scenario (SSP5‐8.5; average temperature +4.4°C projected 2100), suitable patches will shift southward during non‐breeding season, leading a minor overall loss. impact more pronounced females than males. reduction winter grounds might decrease survival post‐weaned females, reducing recruitment jeopardizing population viability. During when males fast on land, off South Shetland Islands remain largely unmodified, new ones emerge Bellingshausen Sea. As income breeders, should reasonably close colony. result, useful only if nearby beaches currently covered sea ice end century. Furthermore, colonization these new, ice‐free locations limited strong philopatry. These results considered managing fisheries krill
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
ICES Journal of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024
Abstract Antarctica and the Southern Ocean (A&SO) has a unique environment that plays an important role in Earth’s life-support systems. It no indigenous human population but hosts around 5000 researchers is visited by more than 100 000 tourists per year. In this paper, we describe biophysical processes create region’s ecosystem services, outlining their related governance systems within Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), show global distribution of service beneficiaries. These services clearly support populations across world are endangered anthropogenic activities, which current place-based ATS not empowered to control. We discuss whether it possible use insights from Elinor Ostrom’s work on managing commons, including her eight core design principles idea Common Asset Trusts, better harness efforts protect ALL services. note many existing arrangements associated with already well-aligned need be expanded globally produced A&SO.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Marine Ecology Progress Series, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 738, С. 57 - 73
Опубликована: Май 13, 2024
The Antarctic Peninsula marine ecosystem is highly productive, with large populations of commercially and ecologically important species including krill Euphausia superba , Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae crabeater seals Lobodon carcinophagus . ecology the peninsula rapidly changing due to accelerating climate change fishing pressure. Systematic surveys have focused on austral spring summer, leaving an information gap winter dynamics. Using data from 5 consecutive surveys, we quantified composition distribution predator communities investigated physical biological influences community structure. Seabirds mammals clustered into 3 communities: ice-associated represented by seals; a diverse marginal ice zone dominated fur several seabirds petrels, kelp gulls Larus dominicanus terns Sterna vittata ; open water consisting southern fulmars Fulmarus glacialoides 4 petrels. These were distributed along environmental gradient ranging ice-covered, cold, saline ice-free, warmer, fresher greater chlorophyll concentrations. Predator also associated different macrozooplankton: predators extremely assemblage typically mesopelagic zooplankton; large-bodied euphausiids ( E. superba, crystallorophias ); small-bodied Thysanoessa macrura ). Our synthesis integrated macrozooplankton relative sea-ice concentration provides reference points for future assessments within this region.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(11)
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024
Abstract The Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) is an important top predator and indicator of the health Southern Ocean ecosystem. Although abundant, this species narrowly escaped extinction due to historical sealing currently declining as a consequence climate change. Genomic tools are essential for understanding these anthropogenic impacts predicting long-term viability. However, current reference genome (“arcGaz3”) shows considerable room improvement in terms both completeness contiguity. We therefore combined PacBio sequencing, haplotype-aware HiRise assembly, scaffolding based on Hi-C information generate refined assembly (“arcGaz4_h1”). new 2.53 Gb long, has scaffold N50 55.6 Mb includes 18 chromosome-sized scaffolds, which correspond chromosomes expected otariids. Genome greatly improved, with 23,408 annotated genes Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs score raised from 84.7% 95.2%. furthermore included reference-free alignment genomes 11 pinniped characterize evolutionary conservation across Pinnipedia using genome-wide Evolutionary Rate Profiling. then implemented Gene Ontology enrichment analyses identify biological processes associated those showing highest levels either or differentiation between 2 major families, Otariidae Phocidae. show that linked neuronal development, circulatory system, osmoregulation overrepresented conserved well differentiated regions genome.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1