The Endocannabinoid System and Physical Exercise

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(3), С. 1989 - 1989

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in various processes, including brain plasticity, learning and memory, neuronal development, nociception, inflammation, appetite regulation, digestion, metabolism, energy balance, motility, regulation of stress emotions. Physical exercise (PE) considered a valuable non-pharmacological therapy that an immediately available cost-effective method with lot health benefits, one them being the activation endogenous cannabinoids. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are generated as response to high-intensity activities can act short-term circuit breakers, generating antinociceptive responses for short variable period time. A runner's high ephemeral feeling some sport practitioners experience during endurance activities, such running. release eCBs sustained physical appears be triggering this phenomenon. last decades have been characterized by increased interest emotional state induced exercise, it believed alleviate pain, induce mild sedation, increase euphoric levels, anxiolytic effects. This review provides information about current knowledge endocannabinoids effort also overview studies published specialized literature subject.

Язык: Английский

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The Neurotherapeutic Arsenal in Cannabis sativa: Insights into Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activity and Potential Entourage Effects

Molecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(2), С. 410 - 410

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Cannabis, renowned for its historical medicinal use, harbours various bioactive compounds—cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. While major cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD) have received extensive scrutiny their pharmacological properties, emerging evidence underscores the collaborative interactions among these constituents, suggesting a collective therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review explores intricate relationships synergies between cannabinoids, flavonoids in cannabis. Cannabinoids, pivotal cannabis’s bioactivity, exhibit well-documented analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects. Terpenes, aromatic compounds imbuing distinct flavours, not only contribute to sensory profile but also modulate cannabinoid effects through diverse molecular mechanisms. Flavonoids, another cannabis component, demonstrate antioxidant, particularly relevant neuroinflammation. The entourage hypothesis posits that combined cannabinoid, terpene, flavonoid action yields synergistic or additive effects, surpassing individual compound efficacy. Recognizing nuanced is crucial unravelling complete Tailoring treatments based on holistic composition of strains allows optimization outcomes while minimizing potential side imperative delve into roles flavonoids, offering promising prospects innovative interventions advocating continued research unlock full within realm natural plant-based medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Role of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology

Biochemical Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 223, С. 116128 - 116128

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Endocannabinoids in immune regulation and immunopathologies

Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 164(2), С. 242 - 252

Опубликована: Май 30, 2021

Abstract Endocannabinoids are key bioactive components of the endocannabinoid system, and profound influence endocannabinoids on modulation immune system is being increasingly appreciated. The knowledge endocannabinoid–immune cell crosstalk will pave way to therapeutic implications modulators this pathway in autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorders. seem exert both anti‐inflammatory pro‐inflammatory effects specific contexts, based receptor engagement downstream signalling pathways involved. In review, we summarized biosynthesis, degradation two well‐studied endocannabinoids—anandamide 2‐arachidonylglycerol cells. Then, discussed these functioning major innate adaptive cells, along with choice receptors employed such interactions. Finally, outline our current involvement anandamide context inflammation, allergies, autoimmunity metabolic

Язык: Английский

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Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Intestinal Homeostasis

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(4), С. 947 - 963

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is fundamentally important to health. Intestinal barrier function and immune regulation are key determinants therefore tightly regulated by a variety signaling mechanisms. endocannabinoid system lipid mediator widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests critical nexus involved physiological processes that underlie control homeostasis. In this review we will illustrate how permeability, fluid secretion, regulation. We also demonstrate reciprocal between gut microbiome. role complex multifaceted, responding both internal external factors while serving as an effector for SummaryThe distributed throughout plays pivotal integrity, environmental homeostatic system. fundamental importance requires integration digestive defensive functions protect against insults arise from digestion, harmful pathogens toxins, commensal microbiota live gut, simultaneously promoting efficient utilization food. 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Anandamide begins with conversion phosphatidylethanolamine into (NAPE) calcium-dependent enzyme N-acyltransferase. then produced hydrolysis NAPE N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Three additional AEA described.33Liu Wang Harvey-White Osei-Hyiaman Razdan Gong Q. Chan Zhou Z. Huang B.X. Kim H.-Y. pathway anandamide.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S 2006; 103: 13345-13350Crossref (350) 34Hussain Uyama Tsuboi Ueda N. Mammalian responsible biosynthesis N-acylethanolamines.Biochim Biophys Acta - Cell Biol Lipids. 1862: 1546-1561Crossref 35Simon G.M. Cravatt B.F. proceeding glycerophospho-N-acyl α/β-hydrolase 4 pathway.J Chem. 281: 26465-26472Abstract (285) (1) Phospholipase C (PLC) converts phosphoanandamide, which dephosphorylated form AEA. (2) produces glycerophosphoanandamide NAPE, converted glycerophosphodiesterase-1, (3) soluble A2 acts 2-lyso-NAPE, lyso-PLD. fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). FAAH hydrolyzes arachidonic ethanolamine.36Fowler C.J. Jonsson K.O. 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Язык: Английский

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Treatment Advances for Acne Vulgaris: The Scientific Role of Cannabinoids

Cosmetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1), С. 22 - 22

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological disorder that impacts the quality of life for millions people around world. The multifactorial nature this requires innovative and effective treatment strategies. Over time, there has been growing interest regarding use natural topical therapies, with cannabinoids emerging as promising group compounds investigation. In context acne treatment, are particular due to their anti-acne properties, namely, lipostatic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimicrobial activities. Among these bioactive compounds, cannabidiol stands out notable derivative, exhibiting spectrum therapeutic actions. Pre-clinical clinical studies have proven its ability modulate sebum production, reduce inflammation, inhibit bacterial proliferation—all which critical components in pathogenesis dermatosis. This review provides comprehensive overview cannabinoids’ potential novel holistic approach summarizes recent developments area.

Язык: Английский

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Medical Cannabis Activity Against Inflammation: Active Compounds and Modes of Action

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 9, 2022

Inflammation often develops from acute, chronic, or auto-inflammatory disorders that can lead to compromised organ function. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) has been used treat inflammation for millennia, but its use in modern medicine is hampered by a lack of scientific knowledge. Previous studies report cannabis extracts and inflorescence inhibit inflammatory responses vitro pre-clinical clinical trials. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulator immune activity, dysregulation this involved various chronic inflammations. This includes cannabinoid receptor types 1 2 (CB1 CB2), arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids, enzymes metabolism. produces large number phytocannabinoids numerous other biomolecules such as terpenes flavonoids. In multiple experimental models, both vivo, several phytocannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) cannabigerol (CBG), exhibit activity against inflammation. These may bind ECS and/or receptors ameliorate inflammatory-related diseases activating signaling pathways. Synergy between well terpenes, demonstrated. be improved selecting the most active plant ingredients (API) while eliminating parts whole extract. Moreover, future components might combined with pharmaceutical drugs reduce

Язык: Английский

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Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Treatment of Cancer

Cancers, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(20), С. 5142 - 5142

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2022

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an ancient homeostasis mechanism operating from embryonic stages to adulthood. It controls the growth and development of many cells cell lineages. Dysregulation components ECS may result in uncontrolled proliferation, adhesion, invasion, inhibition apoptosis increased vascularization, leading various malignancies. Cancer disease division. In this review, we will discuss whether changes are a cause or consequence malignization different tissues react differently ECS. We potential use cannabinoids for treatment cancer, focusing on primary outcome/care—tumor shrinkage eradication, as well secondary outcome/palliative care—improvement life quality, including pain, appetite, sleep, more factors. Finally, complete review with chapter sex- gender-specific differences response cannabinoids, equality access treatments cannabinoids.

Язык: Английский

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Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(3), С. 631 - 631

Опубликована: Март 9, 2022

Antibiotic resistance has become an increasing challenge in the treatment of various infectious diseases, especially those associated with biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic materials. There is urgent need for new protocols that can also target biofilm-embedded bacteria. Many secondary metabolites plants possess anti-bacterial activities, phytocannabinoids Cannabis sativa L. varieties have reached a renaissance attracted much attention their anti-microbial anti-biofilm activities at concentrations below cytotoxic threshold normal mammalian cells. Accordingly, many synthetic cannabinoids been designed intention to increase specificity selectivity compounds. The structurally unrelated endocannabinoids found activities. Recent data suggest mutual communication between endocannabinoid system gut microbiota. present review focuses integrated some selected issues physiological pharmacological

Язык: Английский

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Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(10), С. 5734 - 5734

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

Over the last 25 years, human endocannabinoid system (ECS) has come into limelight as an imperative neuro-modulatory system. It is mainly comprised of endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid), receptors and associated enzymes accountable for its synthesis deterioration. The ECS plays a proven role in management several neurological, cardiovascular, immunological, other relevant chronic conditions. Endocannabinoid or are lipid molecules which connect with impose fashionable impact on behavior physiological processes individual. Arachidonoyl ethanolamide Anandamide 2-arachidonoyl glycerol 2-AG were that first characterized discovered. presence membranes precursor characteristic feature endocannabinoids. endocannabinoids released upon rapid enzymatic reactions extracellular space via activation through G-protein coupled receptors, contradictory to neurotransmitter synthesized beforehand, stock up synaptic vesicles. current review highlights functioning, synthesis, degradation endocannabinoid, explains functioning biological systems.

Язык: Английский

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