From Microbes to Metabolites: Advances in Gut Microbiome Research in Type 1 Diabetes
Metabolites,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 138 - 138
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
Background:
Type
1
diabetes
(T1D)
is
a
severe
chronic
T-cell
mediated
autoimmune
disease
that
attacks
the
insulin-producing
beta
cells
of
pancreas.
The
multifactorial
nature
T1D
involves
both
genetic
and
environmental
components,
with
recent
research
focusing
on
gut
microbiome
as
crucial
factor
in
pathogenesis.
its
metabolites
play
an
important
role
modulating
immunity
autoimmunity.
In
years,
studies
have
revealed
significant
alterations
taxonomic
functional
composition
associated
development
islet
autoimmunity
T1D.
These
changes
include
reduced
production
short-chain
fatty
acids,
altered
bile
acid
tryptophan
metabolism,
increased
intestinal
permeability
consequent
perturbations
host
(auto)immune
responses.
Methods/Results:
this
review,
we
summarize
discuss
observational,
mechanistic
etiological
investigating
elucidating
intricate
microbes
Moreover,
highlight
advances
intervention
targeting
microbiota
for
prevention
or
treatment
human
Conclusions:
A
deeper
understanding
evolution
before
after
onset
microbial
signals
conditioning
may
provide
us
essential
insights
exploiting
prognostic
therapeutic
tool.
Язык: Английский
The role of gut–islet axis in pancreatic islet function and glucose homeostasis
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025
Abstract
The
gastrointestinal
tract
plays
a
vital
role
in
the
occurrence
and
treatment
of
metabolic
diseases.
Recent
studies
have
convincingly
demonstrated
bidirectional
axis
communication
between
gut
islets,
enabling
to
influence
glucose
metabolism
energy
homeostasis
animals
strongly.
‘gut–islet
axis’
is
an
essential
endocrine
signal
that
regulates
islet
function
through
dialogue
intestinal
microecology
metabolism.
discovery
glucagon‐like
peptide‐1
(GLP‐1),
gastric
inhibitory
peptide
(GIP)
other
hormones
has
initially
set
up
bridge
cells.
However,
factors
remains
largely
unknown,
such
as
microbiota
integrity
barrier.
Although
primarily
resides
affect
function,
they
also
extra‐intestinal
organs
by
absorbing
transferring
metabolites
derived
from
microorganisms.
As
result
this
transfer,
islets
may
be
continuously
exposed
gut‐derived
components.
Changes
composition
can
damage
barrier
varying
degrees,
resulting
increased
permeability
bacteria
their
derivatives.
All
these
changes
contribute
severe
disturbance
critical
pathways
peripheral
tissues
organs.
In
review,
we
outlined
different
gut–islet
signalling
mechanisms
associated
with
summarized
latest
progress
complex
molecules
microbiota.
addition,
will
discuss
impact
renin–angiotensin
system
(RAS)
on
various
components
regulate
homeostasis.
This
work
indicates
therapeutic
approaches
aiming
restore
microbial
homeostasis,
probiotics
faecal
transplantation
(FMT),
shown
great
potential
improving
outcomes,
enhancing
patient
prognosis
slowing
down
disease
progression.
Future
research
should
further
uncover
molecular
links
explore
individualized
strategies,
which
provide
innovative
perspective
approach
for
diagnosis
Язык: Английский
Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers: A Review of Their Interplay, Clinical Implications, and Metabolic Disorders
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(4), С. 1773 - 1773
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
The
human
microbiota,
a
complex
ecosystem
of
microorganisms,
plays
pivotal
role
in
regulating
host
immunity
and
metabolism.
This
review
investigates
the
interplay
between
microbiota
inflammatory
markers,
emphasizing
their
impact
on
metabolic
autoimmune
disorders.
Key
biomarkers,
such
as
C-reactive
protein
(CRP),
interleukin-6
(IL-6),
lipopolysaccharides
(LPS),
zonulin
(ZO-1),
netrin-1
(Ntn1),
are
discussed
context
intestinal
barrier
integrity
chronic
inflammation.
Dysbiosis,
characterized
by
alterations
microbial
composition
function,
directly
modulates
levels
activity
these
exacerbating
responses
compromising
epithelial
barriers.
disruption
is
further
correlated
with
increased
permeability
inflammation,
serving
precursor
to
conditions
like
type
2
diabetes
(T2D),
obesity,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease.
Additionally,
this
examines
therapeutic
strategies,
including
probiotics
prebiotics,
designed
restore
balance,
mitigate
enhance
homeostasis.
Emerging
evidence
positions
microbiota-targeted
interventions
critical
components
advancement
precision
medicine,
offering
promising
avenues
for
diagnosing
treating
Язык: Английский
Autoimmunity and the microbiome
Immunological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
325(1), С. 4 - 8
Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024
Язык: Английский
Unravelling the Role of Gut and Oral Microbiota in the Pediatric Population with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(19), С. 10611 - 10611
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024
Type
1
Diabetes
Mellitus
(T1DM)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
disease
that
results
in
the
destruction
of
pancreatic
β
cells,
leading
to
hyperglycaemia
and
need
for
lifelong
insulin
therapy.
Although
genetic
predisposition
environmental
factors
are
considered
key
contributors
T1DM,
exact
causes
remain
partially
unclear.
Recent
evidence
has
focused
on
relationship
between
gut,
oral
cavity,
immune
regulation,
systemic
inflammation.
In
individuals
with
changes
gut
microbial
composition
commonly
observed,
indicating
dysbiosis
may
contribute
dysregulation.
Gut
can
influence
system
through
increased
intestinal
permeability,
altered
production
short
chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
interactions
mucosal
system,
potentially
triggering
response.
Similarly,
development
inflammation
thus
progression
T1DM.
A
comprehensive
understanding
these
relationships
essential
identification
biomarkers
early
diagnosis
monitoring,
as
well
therapies
aimed
at
restoring
balance.
This
review
presents
synthesis
current
research
connection
T1DM
microbiome
dysbiosis,
focus
microbiomes
pediatric
populations.
It
explores
potential
mechanisms
by
which
contributes
pathogenesis
examines
microbiome-based
therapies,
including
probiotics,
prebiotics,
synbiotics,
faecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT).
complex
highlights
longitudinal
studies
monitor
over
time,
investigate
causal
specific
species
develop
personalised
medicine
approaches.
Язык: Английский