
Redox Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 85, С. 103719 - 103719
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2025
The reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation driven by oxygen species (ROS). 4-HNE covalently binds to macromolecules such as proteins, altering their functions. While implicated in various ROS-related pathologies, its impact on the immune system remains incompletely understood. This review explores how influences molecular mechanisms involved inflammation and cell modulates through interaction with several signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancement activated B cells (NF-κB), erythroid 2-related (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, stimulator interferon genes (STING), thereby affecting responses modulating cytokine production inflammasome activation. However, effects are complex, exhibiting both pro- anti-inflammatory properties depending dose type. highlights multiple which cells' responses.
Язык: Английский