Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 51(1), С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2011

Abstract: Oxidative stress has been proven to be related the onset of a large number health disorders. This chemical is triggered by an excess free radicals, which are generated in cells because wide variety exogenous and endogenous processes. Therefore, finding strategies for efficiently detoxifying radicals become subject great interest, from both academic practical points view. Melatonin ubiquitous versatile molecule that exhibits most desirable characteristics good antioxidant. The amount data gathered so far regarding protective action melatonin against oxidative overwhelming. However, rather little known concerning mechanisms involved this activity. review summarizes current progress understanding physicochemical insights radical–scavenging activity melatonin. Thus far, there general agreement electron transfer hydrogen main reactions with radicals. relative importance other also analyzed. nature reacting radical influence on different these reactions. point discussed detail review. Based available data, it concluded protects mechanisms. Moreover, proposed even though referred as expression darkness, perhaps could light health.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin in edible plants identified by radioimmunoassay and by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 1995, Номер 18(1), С. 28 - 31

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 1995

Abstract: Melatonin, the chief hormone of pineal gland in vertebrates, is widely distributed animal kingdom. Among many functions, melatonin synchronizes circadian and circannual rhythms, stimulates immune function, may increase life span, inhibits growth cancer cells vitro progression promotion vivo, was recently shown to be a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger antioxidant. Hydroxyl radicals are highly toxic by‐products oxygen metabolism that damage cellular DNA other macromolecules. Herein we report melatonin, varying concentrations, also found variety plants. Melatonin measured nine different plants by radioimmunoassay, ranged from 0 862 pg melatonin/mg protein. The presence verified gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our findings suggest consumption plant materials contain high levels could alter blood indole as well provide protection macromolecules against oxidative damage.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative damage in the central nervous system: protection by melatonin

Progress in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 1998, Номер 56(3), С. 359 - 384

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 1998

Язык: Английский

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A review of the evidence supporting melatonin's role as an antioxidant

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 1995, Номер 18(1), С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 1995

Abstract: This survey summarizes the findings, accumulated within last 2 years, concerning melatonin's role in defending against toxic free radicals. Free radicals are chemical constituents that have an unpaired electron their outer or‐bital and, because of this feature, highly reactive. Inspired oxygen, which sustains life, also is harmful up to 5% oxygen (O ) taken converted oxygen‐free The addition a single O produces superoxide anion radical ); C : catalytic‐reduced by dismutase, hydrogen peroxide (H ). Although H not itself radical, it can be at high concentrations more importantly, reduced hydroxyl (OH). OH most oxygen‐based and wreaks havoc cells, particularly with macromolecules. In recent vitro studies, melatonin was shown very efficient neutralizer OH; indeed, system used test its scavenging ability found significantly effective than well known antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), doing so. Likewise, has been stimulate peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity neural tissue; GSH‐PX metabolizes oxidized form so converts O, thereby reducing generation eliminating precursor. More studies scavenger peroxyl vitamin E. generated during lipid peroxidation propagates chain reaction leads massive destruction cell membranes. vivo demonstrated remarkably potent protecting damage induced variety means. Thus, DNA resulting from either exposure animals carcinogen safrole or ionizing radiation markedly when co‐administered. induction cataracts, generally accepted as being consequence attack on lenticular macromolecules, newborn rats injected GSH‐depleting drug prevented given daily injections. Also, paraquat‐induced lungs overcome they receive period. Paraquat herbicide inflicts least part generating Finally, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide LPS)‐induced organs administered; LPS, like paraquat, cells inducing formation Physiological inhibit nitric oxide (NO)‐generting enzyme, synthase. reduction NO‐ production would contribute antioxidant action since generate peroxynitrite anion, degrade into OH. seems multiple ways reduce or, once produced, neutralize them. Melatonin accomplishes these actions without membrane receptors, indicating indole important metabolic functions every organism, only those obviously contain receptors for molecule.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain ¹

The FASEB Journal, Год журнала: 1995, Номер 9(7), С. 526 - 533

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 1995

The debilitating consequences of age-related brain deterioration are widespread and extremely costly in terms quality life longevity. One the potential major causes destruction neuronal tissue is toxic free radicals that a natural result aerobic metabolism. particularly susceptible to radical attack because it generates more these toxicants per gram than does any other organ. defense mechanisms uses combat reducing equivalents via their enzymatic vitamin antioxidants, E (α-tocopherol particular) C (ascorbate), also aid protecting from oxidative stress by directly scavenging radicals. A newly discovered, potentially highly important antioxidant indole melatonin. pineal hormone melatonin rapidly taken up brain. In vitro effective glutathione hydroxyl efficient neutralizing peroxyl radical. Furthermore, stimulates main enzyme brain, peroxidase. vivo potent lacks prooxidant actions.—Reiter, R. J. Oxidative processes antioxidative aging FASEB 9, 526–533 (1995)

Язык: Английский

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Biochemical Reactivity of Melatonin with Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: A Review of the Evidence

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, Год журнала: 2001, Номер 34(2), С. 237 - 256

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2001

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin stimulates brain glutathione peroxidase activity

Neurochemistry International, Год журнала: 1995, Номер 26(5), С. 497 - 502

Опубликована: Май 1, 1995

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological actions of melatonin in oxygen radical pathophysiology

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 1997, Номер 60(25), С. 2255 - 2271

Опубликована: Май 1, 1997

Язык: Английский

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Vitamin E: non-antioxidant roles

Progress in Lipid Research, Год журнала: 2000, Номер 39(3), С. 231 - 255

Опубликована: Май 1, 2000

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondria: Central Organelles for Melatonin′s Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Actions

Molecules, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 23(2), С. 509 - 509

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2018

Melatonin, along with its metabolites, have long been known to significantly reduce the oxidative stress burden of aging cells or exposed toxins. Oxidative damage is a result free radicals produced in cells, especially mitochondria. When measured, melatonin, potent antioxidant, was found be higher concentrations mitochondria than other organelles subcellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial membranes possess transporters aid rapid uptake melatonin by these against gradient. Moreover, we predicted several years ago that, because their origin from melatonin-producing bacteria, likely also synthesize melatonin. Data accumulated within last year supports this prediction. A high content would fortuitous, since produce an abundance radicals. Thus, optimally positioned scavenge and degree damage. In light “free radical theory aging”, including all iterations, levels expected protect age-related organismal decline. Also, there are many age-associated diseases have, as contributing factor, These multiple may deferred onset progression if can maintained into advanced age.

Язык: Английский

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