Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world’s richest temperate alpine flora

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 369(6503), С. 578 - 581

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2020

Origins of an alpine flora The evolution high mountain floras is strongly influenced by tectonic and climatic history. Ding et al. document the timing, tempo, mode which world's most species-rich flora, that Tibet-Himalaya-Hengduan region, was assembled. Alpine assemblages in region are older than previously thought, with lineages tracing their ancestry to early Oligocene—older any other modern system. species diversified faster during periods orogeny intensification Asian monsoon, Hengduan Mountains—the area this region—played a key biogeographic role as location earliest pulse diversification Oligocene. Science , issue p. 578

Язык: Английский

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Origins and evolution of plant diversity in the Hengduan Mountains, China

Plant Diversity, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 39(4), С. 161 - 166

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2017

The Hengduan Mountains region (HDM) in southwest China, one of the earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots, is characterized by its unique geology, dramatic topography, a climate where snow and below freezing temperatures can occur on any day year, location at elevations averaging between (1400–) 2000 4500 (–5300) meters above sea level (m a.s.l.), richest floras temperate Northern Hemisphere. formation evolution plant diversity area uplift Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) were synchronous (Sun, 2002, Sun Li, 2003). During geological history, as part QTP, was still Tethys Sea or coast late Cretaceous (Zhang, 2012). In early Tertiary, collision Indian plate Eurasia led to retreat QTP entered an era land (Zheng, 2013). From Eocene Oligocene, gradually narrowed continued northward movement. By end had since dropped out main body transformed into environment (the eastern edge QTP) formed north–south asymmetric wavy creases large intervening fault zones (gorges). HDM coincided with process Therefore, flora began development appearance Paleogene. Along environment, underwent change from thermophilic Paleogene xerophytic alpine mid-to Neogene 2002). Additionally, many groups migrated various sources resulting very rich complex flora, which has preserved ways present. After Neogene, global decreased, Quaternary glacial periods. Plant Arctic-Tertiary parts Hemisphere, such Europe N America, suffered devastating destruction number species became extinct, extant these regions becoming poor reduced fragments their former richness (Kubitzki Krutzsch, 1996, Tiffney Manchester, 2001). It therefore difficult for us study origin, differentiation mechanisms earth those areas. diverse habitats HDM, however, relatively little affected climatic processes. They provided optimal conditions diversification take place while same time maintaining refugia plants could ride cycles. events provide integrated framework interpreting evolutionary history flora. Not only are there some ancient remnants relics, but also, more prominently, clades that experienced rapid radiations, forming complete lineages young infraspecific taxa. not natural historical ‘museum’ Cenozoic era, also ‘cradle’ new born flourished. preservation old giving rise resulted incredible made hotspot it today key laboratory origins, dispersal diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Species divergence with gene flow and hybrid speciation on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(2), С. 392 - 404

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2022

Summary The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) sensu lato ( sl ), comprising the platform, Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains, is characterized by a large number of endemic plant species. This evolutionary cradle may have arisen from explosive species diversification because geographic isolation. However, gene flow has been widely detected during speciation processes all groups examined, suggesting that natural selection also played an important role divergence in this region. In addition, hybrids recovered almost species‐rich genera. suggests numerous region are still ‘on pathway to complete reproductive isolation (RI)’. Such could directly develop into new through hybrid polyploidization homoploid (HHS). HHS take place more easily than previously thought alternate inheritance alleles parents at multiple RI loci. Therefore, isolation, hybridization together promoted genera on QTP . We emphasize need for identification functional analysis major genes speciation, especially encourage investigations parallel adaptive causing across different lineages within similar but specific habitats

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenomics shed light on the complex evolutionary history of a gymnosperm genus showing East Asian–Tethyan disjunction

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Abstract When and how disjunct distributions of biological taxa arose has long attracted interest in biogeography, yet the East Asian–Tethyan disjunction is understudied. Cupressus (Cupressaceae) shows this disjunction, with 10 species Asia three Mediterranean region. Here we used target‐capture sequencing obtained 1991 single‐copy nuclear genes, plus complete plastomes, to infer evolutionary history . Our phylogenomic reconstruction resolved four well supported clades , but revealed significant phylogenetic conflicts, inter‐lineage gene flow, incomplete lineage sorting tree estimation error all making important contributions. The Chengiana clade most likely originated by hybridization between ancestors Himalayan–Hengduan Mountains subtropical clades, whereas orogenic climatic changes may have facilitated flow within clade. Molecular dating suggested that recent common ancestor appeared around middle Eocene period then became continuously distributed across Eurasia. when diverged, been driven Eocene/Oligocene declines global temperature, reinforced ecogeographic barrier created uplift Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Niche shifts clade, signatures selection genes for drought salt tolerance, probably indicate adaptation local conditions. Overall, our study in‐depth analyses are powerful tools deciphering complex origin organisms, especially gymnosperms.

Язык: Английский

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Transverse Alpine Speciation Driven by Glaciation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 31(12), С. 916 - 926

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Mountains as Evolutionary Arenas: Patterns, Emerging Approaches, Paradigm Shifts, and Their Implications for Plant Phylogeographic Research in the Tibeto-Himalayan Region

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 18, 2019

Recently, the "mountain-geobiodiversity hypothesis" (MGH) was proposed as a key concept for explaining high levels of biodiversity found in mountain regions Tibeto-Himalayan region (THR), which comprises Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Himalayas, and hotspot known "Mountains Southwest China" (Hengduan Mountains region). In addition to MGH, covers entire life span system, complementary concept, so-called "flickering connectivity system" (FCS) recently period Quaternary. The FCS focuses on dynamics alpine ecosystems caused by drastic climatic changes during past ca. 2.6 million years, emphasizing that fragmentation allopatric speciation are not sole factors accelerated evolution species richness endemism mountains. I here provide review current state knowledge concerning geological uplift, Quaternary glaciation, main phylogeographic patterns ("contraction/recolonization", "platform refugia/local expansion", "microrefugia") seed plant THR. addition, make specific suggestions future avenues research should take into account basis fundamentals presented MGH FCS, related paradigm shifts.

Язык: Английский

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The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera

Taxon, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 65(3), С. 523 - 546

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2016

Abstract Boraginaceae s.str. is a subcosmopolitan family of 1600 to 1700 species in around 90 genera, and recent phylogenetic studies indicate that the infrafamilial classification as currently used highly obsolete. The present study addresses relationships major clades with an emphasis on monophyly of, between previously recognized position various unplaced genera such Afrotysonia, Anoplocaryum, Brachybotrys, Chionocharis, Craniospermum, Thyrocarpus , Trigonocaryum using three plastid markers taxon sampling four outgroup 170 ingroup from 73 genera. phylogeny shows high statistical support for most nodes backbone within individual clades. Echiochileae are confirmed sister remainder s.str., which, turn, fall into two well‐supported clades, Boragineae + Lithospermeae Cynoglosseae s.l. latter resolved includes Lasiocaryum ‐clade ( Lasiocaryum, Microcaryum ) Trichodesmeae Caccinia, Trichodesma group. Rochelieae (formerly Eritrichieae also including Eritrichium, Hackelia Lappula form poorly supported polytomy together Mertensia (also Asperugo Memoremea Omphalodes ‐clade. enigmatic genus Craniospermum (Craniospermeae) expanded Myosotideae Decalepidanthus, Trigonotis these turn Core‐Cynoglosseae, which Afrotysonia glochidiata sampsonii included. Core‐Cynoglosseae again pairs subclades. majority generic placements now satisfactorily remaining questions can be clearly delimited. Based extensive data available we propose new subfamilies 11 tribes, representing consensus among participating authors, according renamed.

Язык: Английский

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Response to climate change of montane herbaceous plants in the genus Rhodiola predicted by ecological niche modelling

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2018

Climate change profoundly influences species distributions. These effects are evident in poleward latitudinal range shifts for many taxa, and upward altitudinal alpine species, that resulted from increased annual global temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 22,000 BP). For latter, ultimate consequence of may be extinction as highest ecosystems can migrate no further, a phenomenon often characterized "nowhere to go". To predict responses climate plants on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), we used ecological niche modelling (ENM) estimate 14 Rhodiola beginning with Interglacial (ca. 120,000-140,000 BP) through 2050. Distributions appear shaped by temperature-related variables. The southeastern QTP, especially Hengduan Mountains, were origin center distribution Rhodiola, also served refugia during LGM. Under future scenario 2050, might have northward, but would expand their ranges contra prediction go" hypothesis, caused appearance additional potential habitat concomitant reduction permafrost warming.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot: Current knowledge and future perspectives

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(16), С. 10794 - 10812

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2021

Mountain ecosystems support a significant one-third of all terrestrial biodiversity, but our understanding the spatiotemporal maintenance this high biodiversity remains poor, or at best controversial. The Himalaya hosts complex mountain ecosystem with topographic and climatic heterogeneity harbors one world's richest floras. species endemism, together increasing anthropogenic threats, has qualified as most global hotspots. complexity makes it an ideal natural laboratory for studying mechanisms floral exchange, diversification, distributions. Here, we review literature pertaining to in order generate concise synthesis origin, distribution, climate change responses Himalayan flora. We found that supports rich Hengduan Mountains supplied majority elements, which subsequently diversified from late Miocene onward, create today's relatively endemicity Himalaya. Further, uncover links between diversification joint effect geological upheavals There is marked variance regarding dispersal, elevational gradients, impact among plant Himalaya, highlights some general trends recent advances on these aspects. Finally, provide recommendations conservation planning future research. Our work could be useful guiding research important will also new insights into underpinning other systems.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic basis of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan Prunus fruit trees

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(17), С. 3848 - 3860.e8

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021

The Great Himalayan Mountains and their foothills are believed to be the place of origin development many plant species. genetic basis adaptation high plateaus is a fascinating topic that poorly understood at population level. We comprehensively collected sequenced 377 accessions Prunus germplasm along altitude gradients ranging from 2,067 4,492 m in Himalayas. de novo assembled three high-quality genomes Tibetan A comparative analysis indicated remarkable expansion SINE retrotransposons occurred observed differentiation between peaches low altitudes genes associated with light stress signaling, especially UV were enriched differentiated regions. By profiling metabolomes peach fruit, we determined 379 metabolites had significant correlations particular phenylpropanoids positively correlated altitudes. identified 62 peach-specific SINEs colocalized differentially accumualted relative cultivated peach. demonstrated two inserted locus controlling accumulation 3-O-feruloyl quinic acid. SINE1 was specific SINE2 predominant These genomic metabolic data for populations native region indicate helped species adapt harsh environment plateau by promoting beneficial metabolites.

Язык: Английский

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