Alpine vegetation in the context of climate change: A global review of past research and future directions

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 748, С. 141344 - 141344

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Fast diversification through a mosaic of evolutionary histories characterizes the endemic flora of ancient Neotropical mountains

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 287(1923), С. 20192933 - 20192933

Опубликована: Март 18, 2020

Mountains are among the most biodiverse areas on globe. In young mountain ranges, exceptional plant species richness is often associated with recent and rapid radiations linked to uplift itself. ancient mountains, however, orogeny vastly precedes evolution of vascular plants, so has been explained by accumulation during long periods low extinction rates. Here we evaluate these assumptions analysing diversification dynamics in campo rupestre , an ecosystem pre-Cambrian mountaintops highlands eastern South America, where endemism highest world. Analyses 15 angiosperm clades show that endemics exhibit fastest rates last 5 Myr, a climatically unstable period. However, results from ancestral range estimations using different models disagree age earliest situ speciation events point complex floristic assembly. There general trend for higher areas, but may also increase or reduce rates, depending group. Montane habitats, regardless their geological age, lead boosts accelerating population isolation archipelago-like systems, circumstances can result fast turnover, misleading estimates endemic lineages.

Язык: Английский

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Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(10), С. 1651 - 1673

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2020

Abstract Aim Mountains and islands are both well known for their high endemism. To explain this similarity, parallels have been drawn between the insularity of “true islands” (land surrounded by water) isolation habitats within mountains (so‐called “mountain islands”). However, rarely go much beyond observation that mountaintops isolated from one another, as true islands. Here, we challenge analogy re‐evaluating literature, focusing on (the prime mechanism underlying species endemism restricting gene flow) a dynamic perspective over space time. Framework We base our conceptualization “isolation” arguments no biological system is completely isolated; instead, has multiple spatial temporal dimensions relating to environmental processes. distinguish four key isolation: (a) difference surroundings; (b) geographical distance equivalent environment [points combined “snapshot isolation”]; (c) continuity in time; (d) total time which present “isolation history”]. evaluate importance each dimension different types islands, demonstrating substantial differences exist nature type. In particular, differ initial trajectories they follow, with distinct phases varying interact traits form present‐day patterns Conclusions Our spatio‐temporal definition suggests mountain masks important variation long time‐scales. understanding systems can be greatly enriched if enter models explanatory variables these account history system.

Язык: Английский

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Mountains, climate and niche heterogeneity explain global patterns of fern diversity

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 48(6), С. 1296 - 1308

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2021

Abstract Aim It is well known that the distribution of species diversity spatially heterogeneous, but understanding factors contributing to this heterogeneity and formation biodiversity hotspots remains a challenge. Here, we seek improve our how historical, ecological evolutionary processes contribute current patterns global fern diversity. Location Worldwide. Taxon Ferns. Methods To evaluate drivers diversity, integrate over 800,000 georeferenced occurrence records nearly 8000 species, time‐calibrated phylogeny seven climate environmental layers. We use these data summarize at resolution 100 × km, identify richness endemism. compare neighbouring non‐hotspot regions provide insight into controlling Results Tropical subtropical mountains harbour disproportionate amount relative land area they occupy; 58% occur in eight principally montane together comprising just 7% Earth’s area. endemism are universally characterized by disproportionately high variation. demonstrate total scales linearly with available space regional scales. Main Conclusions Areas extant reflect areas, especially lower latitudes. Persistence ancient lineages areas long‐term climatic stability helps explain exceptional such as Malesia.

Язык: Английский

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Plant Endemism Centres and Biodiversity Hotspots in Greece

Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(2), С. 72 - 72

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2021

Biodiversity hotspots (BH) cover a small fraction of the Earth's surface, yet host numerous endemics. Human-induced biodiversity loss has been increasing worldwide, despite attempts to halt extinction crisis. There is thus an urgent need efficiently allocate available conservation funds in optimised prioritization scheme. Identifying BH and endemism centres (EC) therefore valuable tool planning. Even though Greece one most plant species-rich European countries, few studies have dealt with identification or EC none ever incorporated phylogenetic information extended national scale. Consequently, we are unaware extent that Special Areas Conservation (SAC) Natura 2000 network protect Greek diversity. Here, located for first time at scale framework, areas serving as EC, assessed effectiveness SAC safeguarding them. mainly near mountainous areas, supposedly floristically impoverished, such central Aegean islands. A critical re-assessment might be needed minimize risk endemics, by focusing efforts also on fall outside established SAC.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of Edaphic Properties in Determining Forest Community Patterns of the Zabarwan Mountain Range in the Kashmir Himalayas

Forests, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(8), С. 1214 - 1214

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

The significance of edaphic factors in describing forest vegetation patterns is becoming more well acknowledged, with significant implications for the description biogeographical regions and biome classification, as abundance growth at regional levels. current study examines association Zabarwan mountain range Western Himalayas its factors. To collect data on types, we employed a systematic random sampling strategy 60 plots (0.1 ha) across five types. We investigated using ordination cluster analysis approaches after calculating important value index (henceforth IVI) each plant species from forests. In total, 76 39 different families were found area. Rosaceae family was most numerous, followed by Fabaceae Asteraceae. Scrub types have lower diversity indices, while broad-leaved greater indices. Two-way analyses classified into two communities basis indicator species. (canonical correspondence analysis) indicated that tended to be influenced differently distinct levels soil parameters. pH calcium content main influencing distribution phytosociological features (basal area) higher coniferous type (74.49 m2ha−1) compared (58.63 scrub (15.4 m2ha−1). Overall, goal this research gain better understanding impact elements composition associations order develop scientifically based management options ecosystem protection Himalayan region.

Язык: Английский

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Species out of sight: elucidating the determinants of research effort in global reptiles

Ecography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2023(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

More than two million species have been described so far, but our knowledge on most taxa remains scarce or inexistent, and the available biodiversity data is often taxonomically, phylogenetically spatially biased. Unevenness in research effort across regions can interact with biases compromise ability to properly study conserve biodiversity. Herein, we assess influence of biological, conservation, geographic socioeconomic correlates reptile globally six biogeographic realms. We combine bibliometric from Scopus database trait‐based approaches provide information for 10 531 species, modelling it as a function putative species‐level variation through negative binomial generalised mixed effect models. show that highly skewed toward certain regions, such turtles, crocodiles, tuatara, viperids, pythons some anguimorph lizards, well temperate compared tropical regions. Our findings indicate greater attention directed towards large‐sized early particularly those whose range overlap institutions. Although demonstrate biological factors more strongly affect variation, geography conservation‐related also matter. Global patterns are mostly consistent, realms were observed likely reflects differences attributes amount be studied each realm. Directing researchers citizen scientists' understudied will contribute alleviate this biased knowledge, although sheer inevitably makes long‐term solution. Performing comparative studies similar levels could represent immediate feasible alternative.

Язык: Английский

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Scales matter: regional environment factors affect α diversity but local factors affect β diversity of macroinvertebrates in Thousand Islands Lake catchment area

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 158, С. 111561 - 111561

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A more profound comprehension of various facets biodiversity is essential for advancing sustainable governance and its associated ecosystem services. In this study, we delved into the composition beta diversity within macroinvertebrates communities in Thousand Islands Lake catchment area. Subsequently, investigated factors influencing diverse alpha diversity, ultimately employed structural equation modeling to analyze pathways through which both regional environmental factors, like climate land use, local variables collectively impact distinct ecosystem. Our results showed that (i) taxonomic phylogenetic diversities were primarily determined by turnover, while functional predominantly nestedness; (ii) are influenced spatial variables, with environment ranking second, use explaining lowest proportion according variance partitioning; (iii) mainly affected especially climatic (precipitation) hydrological (depth) revealed modeling. These offer compelling evidence composition, ecological drivers, specific influence vary across different scales. Future studies could focus on as well consider effects at scales, would provide new insights potential patterns community associations.

Язык: Английский

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Geodiversity in the Amazon drainage basin

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 382(2269)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

The Amazon is the largest drainage basin on Earth and contains a wide variety of abiotic landscape features. In spite this, geodiversity in this has not yet been objectively evaluated. We address knowledge gap by combining meta-analysis an existing global map its components with systematic literature review, to identify key characteristics (ADB). also evaluate how these component maps, that are based geology, geomorphology, soils hydrology, could be refined better reflect basin. Our review shows geology—through lithological diversity geological structures—and hydrology—through hydrological processes influence geomorphology soil diversity—are main determinants geodiversity. Based features, ADB can subdivided into three principal regions: (i) Andean orogenic belt western Amazon, (ii) cratons eastern (iii) Solimões-Amazon river system. Additional methods geomorphological have identified. Future research should focus investigating relationship between assess their biodiversity. Such enhance conservation plans for ADB. This article part Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Geodiversity science society’.

Язык: Английский

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Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(42), С. 26281 - 26287

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2020

Significance The biological interchange between North and South America associated with the formation of Isthmus Panama is key to defining current gradients species diversity. A major gap in our understanding its asymmetry, where mammals American origin attained higher diversity than vice versa. prevailing view that this asymmetry resulted from origination immigrant America. In contrast, we find results high extinction native America, which reduced available disperse northwards. These shed light on legacy biotic understand patterns across Americas.

Язык: Английский

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