Journal of Functional Foods,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
104, С. 105534 - 105534
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2023
Ginsenoside
Rb1,
a
major
bioactive
component
of
Panax
ginseng
C.
A.
Mey.,
exerts
beneficial
effects
on
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM),
but
its
underlying
mechanism
is
unclear.
STAT3
key
factor
regulating
energy
metabolism.
Herein,
we
tested
whether
Rb1
regulates
STAT3-controlled
hepatic
glucose
metabolism
to
ameliorate
T2DM.
ameliorated
abnormal
metabolism,
insulin
resistance,
and
liver
steatosis
in
T2DM
mice.
Hepatic
phosphorylation
was
decreased
increased
after
treatment.
Moreover,
reversed
the
expressions
glycolytic
enzymes
gluconeogenic
activation
vitro,
vice
versa.
Further,
inhibition
changes
these
induced
by
insulin-resistant
cells.
Taken
together,
STAT3-dependent
manner,
which
provides
experimental
bases
for
treating
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025
The
prevalence
of
obesity
and
osteoporosis
(OP)
represents
a
significant
public
health
concern
on
global
scale.
A
substantial
body
evidence
indicates
that
there
is
complex
relationship
between
OP,
with
correlation
the
occurrence
OP
obesity.
In
recent
years,
sirtuins
have
emerged
as
prominent
area
interest
in
fields
aging
endocrine
metabolism.
Among
various
research
avenues
exploring
potential
sirtuins,
effects
these
proteins
garnered
attention
from
numerous
researchers.
Sirtuins
regulate
energy
balance
lipid
balance,
which
turn
inhibit
process
adipogenesis.
Additionally,
osteogenic
osteoblastic
activity,
protects
against
development
OP.
However,
no
study
has
yet
provided
comprehensive
discussion
three:
obesity,
This
paper
will
therefore
describe
focusing
possibility
treating
caused
by
targeting
sirtuins.
be
based
common
influences
(such
mesenchymal
stem
cells,
gut
microbiota,
insulin).
Finally,
SIRT1,
an
important
member
polyphenolic
natural
products
for
treatment
presented.
contribute
to
better
understanding
interactions
bone,
facilitate
new
therapeutic
strategies
future.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
20(21), С. 5500 - 5500
Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2019
Recent
data
highlight
the
important
roles
of
gut
microbiome,
permeability,
and
alterations
in
mitochondria
functioning
pathophysiology
multiple
sclerosis
(MS).
This
article
reviews
such
data,
indicating
two
aspects
modulation
mitochondria:
(1)
Gut
permeability
increases
toll-like
receptor
(TLR)
activators,
viz
circulating
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS),
exosomal
high-mobility
group
box
(HMGB)1.
LPS
HMGB1
increase
inducible
nitric
oxide
synthase
superoxide,
leading
to
peroxynitrite-driven
acidic
sphingomyelinase
ceramide.
Ceramide
is
a
major
driver
MS
via
its
impacts
on
glia
functioning;
(2)
dysbiosis
lowers
production
short-chain
fatty
acid,
butyrate.
Butyrate
significant
positive
regulator
mitochondrial
function,
as
well
suppressing
levels
effects
acts
suppress
circadian
optimizers
functioning,
daytime
orexin
night-time
melatonin.
Orexin,
melatonin,
butyrate
oxidative
phosphorylation
partly
disinhibition
pyruvate
dehydrogenase
complex,
an
acetyl-coenzyme
A
(CoA).
Acetyl-CoA
necessary
co-substrate
for
activation
melatonergic
pathway,
allowing
melatonin
optimize
function.
Data
would
indicate
that
gut-driven
ceramide
particularly
immune
cells,
underpin
pathophysiology.
Aryl
hydrocarbon
(AhR)
stress-induced
kynurenine
air
pollutants,
may
interact
with
pathway
AhR-induced
cytochrome
P450
(CYP)1b1,
which
backward
converts
N-acetylserotonin
(NAS).
The
loss
mitochnodria
coupled
increased
NAS
has
implications
altered
function
many
cell
types
are
relevant
secondary
progressive
MS,
role
changes
progression
symptomatology.
provides
framework
integration
diverse
bodies
pathophysiology,
number
readily
applicable
treatment
interventions,
including
utilization
sodium
Abstract
The
brain,
particularly
the
ventromedial
hypothalamic
nucleus
(VMH),
has
been
long
known
for
its
involvement
in
glucose
sensing
and
whole-body
homeostasis.
However,
it
is
still
not
fully
understood
how
brain
detects
responds
to
changes
circulating
levels,
as
well
brain-body
coordinated
control
of
In
this
review,
we
address
growing
evidence
implicating
homeostasis,
especially
contexts
hypoglycemia
diabetes.
addition
neurons,
emphasize
potential
roles
played
by
non-neuronal
cells,
extracellular
matrix
hypothalamus
Further,
review
ionic
mechanisms
which
glucose-sensing
neurons
sense
fluctuations
ambient
levels.
We
also
introduce
significant
implications
heterogeneous
VMH
upon
sex
difference
addressed.
Meanwhile,
research
gaps
have
identified,
necessities
further
mechanistic
studies
future.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022
Obesity
has
become
a
global
epidemic,
and
it
is
major
risk
factor
for
other
metabolic
disorders
such
as
type
2
diabetes
cardiometabolic
disease.
Accumulating
evidence
indicates
that
there
sex-specific
protection
disease
susceptibility.
For
instance,
in
both
clinical
experimental
studies,
males
are
more
likely
to
develop
obesity,
insulin
resistance,
diabetes.
In
line
with
this,
tend
have
visceral
white
adipose
tissue
(WAT)
less
brown
(BAT)
thermogenic
activity,
leading
an
increased
incidence
of
disorders.
This
female-specific
fat
distribution
partially
mediated
by
sex
hormone
estrogens.
Specifically,
hypothalamic
estrogen
signaling
plays
vital
role
regulating
WAT
distribution,
beiging,
BAT
thermogenesis.
These
regulatory
effects
on
metabolism
primarily
the
activation
receptor
alpha
(ERα)
neurons,
which
interacts
hormones
adipokines
leptin,
ghrelin,
insulin.
review
discusses
contribution
dysfunction
obesity
preventing
diseases
particular
focus
VMH,
central
regulator
energy
expenditure
glucose
homeostasis.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
153, С. 105350 - 105350
Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2023
In
numerous
brain
structures,
insulin
signaling
modulates
the
homeostatic
processes,
sensitivity
to
reward
pathways,
executive
function,
memory,
and
cognition.
Through
human
studies
animal
models,
mounting
evidence
implicates
central
in
metabolic,
physiological,
psychological
consequences
of
early
life
adversity.
this
review,
we
describe
adversity
where
is
a
key
factor
how
may
moderate
effects
on
psychiatric
cardio-metabolic
health
outcomes.
Further
understanding
impact
specific
regions
mental
physical
outcomes
will
assist
prevention,
diagnosis,
potential
intervention
following
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
104(4), С. 1461 - 1486
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024
Glucose
homeostasis
is
mainly
under
the
control
of
pancreatic
islet
hormones
insulin
and
glucagon,
which,
respectively,
stimulate
glucose
uptake
utilization
by
liver,
fat,
muscle
production
liver.
The
balance
between
secretions
these
blood
concentrations.
Indeed,
β-cells
α-cells
can
sense
variations
in
glycemia
respond
an
appropriate
secretory
response.
However,
activity
cells
also
multiple
additional
metabolic,
hormonal,
neuronal
signals
that
combine
to
ensure
perfect
over
a
lifetime.
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
which
has
almost
absolute
requirement
for
as
source
metabolic
energy
thus
vital
interest
ensuring
glycemic
levels
never
fall
below
∼5
mM,
equipped
with
populations
neurons
responsive
changes
These
cell
secretion
ways:
through
both
branches
autonomic
system,
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis,
secreting
vasopressin
(AVP)
at
level
posterior
pituitary.
Here,
we
present
innervation
islets;
mechanisms
neuron
activation
rise
or
concentration;
how
current
viral
tracing,
chemogenetic,
optogenetic
techniques
allow
integration
specific
sensing
defined
circuits
endocrine
pancreas
function;
and,
finally,
genetic
screens
mice
untangle
diversity
hypothalamic
controlling
response
hypoglycemia.
