Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: An Updated Review

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(3), С. 391 - 391

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2020

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, which were introduced in many countries the past decade, have shown promising results decreasing HPV infection and related diseases, such as warts precancerous lesions. In this review, we present updated information about current focusing on vaccine coverage efficacy. addition, pan-gender vaccination clinical trials are also discussed. Currently, more efforts should be put into increasing vaccine's coverage, especially low- middle-income countries. Provision of education is one most important methods to achieve this. Vaccines that target types not included vaccines next stage development. future, all HPV-related cancers, head neck cancer, anal tracked evaluated, programs. Therapeutic combination with other cancer treatments, continue investigated.

Язык: Английский

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A Contemporary Systematic Review on Repartition of HPV-Positivity in Oropharyngeal Cancer Worldwide

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(7), С. 1326 - 1326

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2021

Significant variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) across countries ranging from 11% Brazil to 74% New Zealand has been reported earlier. The aim of this study was systematically review the most recently published studies on occurrence HPV OPSCC globally. PubMed and Embase were searched for articles assessing HPV+ between January 2016 May 2021. Studies with a period including 2015 following years included. Both DNA and/or p16 accepted as indicators OPSCC. 31 enrolled comprising 49,564 patients (range 12-42,024 per study) 26 different covering all continents. lowest occurrences observed India (0%) Spain (10%) highest Lebanon (85%) Sweden (70%). We great worldwide varying 0% 85%. found general Northern European countries, USA, Lebanon, China, South Korea. trend increase HPV-positivity, indicating mounting burden

Язык: Английский

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Barriers towards HPV Vaccinations for Boys and Young Men: A Narrative Review

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(8), С. 1644 - 1644

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2021

Background: HPV vaccination of both girls and boys can protect against infection eliminate the risk for HPV-associated cancer. Due to a common misconception that virus only poses risks women, vaccine coverage is suboptimal among men in many countries. It urgent identify barriers men. Methods: We conducted narrative review publications examining attitudes beliefs regarding young The electronic databases searched were PubMed, PsychInfo Scopus (December 2020; last update July 2021). A total 103 original articles included final analysis. Results: central are: (1) lack knowledge, (2) hesitancy general, (3) recommendation from and/or discussions with healthcare providers, (4) cost logistics, (5) idea may promote promiscuity. Men who have sex families belonging ethnic minorities express need information tailored their situation. Conclusions: Boys should be national immunization programs also offered catch-up vaccinations. Future studies focus on addressing developing interventions pan-gender vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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Vaccines for immunoprevention of cancer

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 131(9)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2021

The immunoprevention of cancer and recurrence is an important area concern for the scientific community society as a whole. Researchers have been working decades to develop vaccines with potential alleviate these health care economic burdens. So far, made more progress in preventing than eliminating already established cancer. In particular, targeting oncogenic viruses, such human papillomavirus hepatitis B virus, are exceptional examples successful prevention virus-associated cancers, cervical hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer-preventive nonviral antigens, tumor-associated antigens neoantigens, also being extensively tested. Here, we review currently approved preventive vaccines; discuss challenges this field by covering ongoing preclinical clinical trials various cancers; address issues related maximizing vaccine benefit.

Язык: Английский

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HPV Vaccination after Primary Treatment of HPV-Related Disease across Different Organ Sites: A Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2), С. 239 - 239

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

To assess evidence on the efficacy of adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in patients treated for HPV-related disease across different susceptible organ sites.A systematic review was conducted to identify studies addressing HPV reducing risk recurrence preinvasive diseases. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Sixteen identified final analysis. Overall, 21,472 cervical dysplasia included: 4132 (19.2%) received peri-operative vaccine, while 17,340 (80.8%) underwent surgical treatment alone. The recurrences CIN 1+ (OR 0.45, CI 0.27 0.73; p = 0.001), 2+ 0.33, 0.20 0.52; < 0.0001), and 3 0.28, 0.13 0.59; 0.0009) lower vaccinated than unvaccinated group. Similarly, reduced developing anal intraepithelial neoplasia (p 0.005) recurrent respiratory papillomatosis 0.004). No anogenital warts vulvar rate observed comparing individuals.Adjuvant is associated a recurrence, although there are limited data regarding its role other Further research warranted shed more light therapy after primary treatment.

Язык: Английский

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HPV-related diseases in male patients: an underestimated conundrum

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(2), С. 261 - 274

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Abstract Purpose Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, in males and females worldwide. While role of HPV female diseases well known largely studied, have negligibly been included these programs, also because proportion women suffering dying from HPV-related much larger than men. The aim this review to focus on male patients. Methods We performed a literature analysis electronic database PubMed. considered randomized trials, observational retrospective studies, original articles having as topic relationship between following items: oral, anal penile cancers, warts, condylomas, infertility, altered sperm parameters, anti-sperm antibodies (ASA). experimental vitro studies focused effects oocyte fertilization, blastocyst development, trophoblastic cell invasiveness. In addition, describing adjuvant administration vaccination possible strategy promote clearance semen infected were included. Results Regarding head neck diseases, important non-neoplastic disease recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). neoplastic cancers attributable has increased dramatically nowadays, it thought that half squamous carcinomas (HNSCCs) cases United States are caused by with high-risk HPV. noteworthy andrological practice too. It was described high prevalence, ranging 50 70%, shaft, glans penis/coronal sulcus, scrotal, perianal, regions. Moreover, patients, associated, among other cancers. reported about 10% men general population 16% unexplained although data seem widely underestimated according clinical experience. particular, seems be related asthenozoospermia (ASAs). Conclusions represents health problem detrimental social public impact. Despite evidence, little done date young males.

Язык: Английский

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De-escalation studies in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer: How should we proceed?

Oral Oncology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 123, С. 105620 - 105620

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a well-established causative factor in subset of squamous cell carcinomas the head and neck (HNSCC). Although HPV can be detected various anatomical subsites, HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) most common HPV-related malignancy neck, its worldwide incidence constantly rising. Patients with OPSCC are generally younger, have less co-morbidities better prognosis due to different biological mechanisms carcinogenesis. These facts generated hypotheses on potential treatment modifications, aiming minimize treatment-related toxicities without compromising therapy efficacy. Numerous randomized clinical trials been designed verify this strategy increasingly real-world evidence data from retrospective, observational studies becoming available. Until now, do not support any modification contemporary protocols. In narrative review, we outline recent provided by both controlled terms value. We critically analyze value drawbacks available highlight future research directions. This article was written members invitees International Head Neck Scientific Group.(www.IHNSG.com).

Язык: Английский

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Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Discordant p16 and HPV mRNA Results

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 45(7), С. 951 - 961

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2021

Early studies estimate that 5% to 10% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas overexpress p16 but are unassociated with transcriptionally-active high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Patients discordant HPV testing may experience clinical outcomes differ from traditional expectations. To document the rate and mRNA positivity, characterize patients testing, identify features warrant selective use HPV-specific after IHC, a multi-institutional, retrospective review carcinoma IHC by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed. Of 467 patients, most had T1 or T2 tumors (71%), 82% were positive, 84% positive. Overall, nonkeratinizing (378, 81%), which strongly associated positivity (93% 95%, respectively). 81% double 14% negative, 4.9% (3.4% negative/HPV positive 1.5% positive/HPV negative). The survival rates these patient groups fell squarely between 2 concordant groups, although in multivariate analysis for both disease-free overall survival, not found have statistically significantly different outcomes. Reclassifying applying when results morphology do match, equivocal, improved prognostication slightly over alone. demonstrate borderline significant trend toward differences those tests. When evaluated independently, who negative prognosis somewhat closer double-positive while double-negative patients. We suggest an algorithm whereby confirmatory is performed where status consistent tumor morphology. This captures majority improves, albeit modestly, prognostication.

Язык: Английский

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Proliferative exhausted CD8+ T cells exacerbate long-lasting anti-tumor effects in human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023

The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, little known about the anti-tumor mechanism tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. We performed cell-level multi-omics sequencing on HNSCC samples to decipher multi-dimensional characteristics Tex cells. A proliferative cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial outcomes patients with HPV-positive identified. Interestingly, P-Tex expressed CDK4 genes as high cancer cells, could be simultaneously inhibited by inhibitors might a potential reason for ineffectiveness treating aggregate antigen-presenting niches activate certain signaling pathways. Together, our findings suggest promising role providing modest but persistent effects.

Язык: Английский

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Are sex and gender considered in head and neck cancer clinical studies?

npj Precision Oncology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023

Abstract We analyzed the inclusion of sex and/or gender (S/G) in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) clinical studies, through inspecting ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT) mention Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) on a specific subgroup, namely oral cavity, larynx oropharynx. Only 5% HNC studies S/G as planned analytical variable. Proportionally more observational treated an variable than interventional (10% vs 5%, P -value ≤ 0.001), 8% that mentioned involved 100 subjects while 4% less ( 0.001). In randomized protocols, was with sample patients including HPV status < 0.05). Small controlled have lower uncontrolled (4% 10%, respectively among subjects). Significantly greater is observed size subjects. only 18% cavity-larynx-oropharynx studies. Interventional do not regularly account for during study design. Thus, although fundamental, concerning often considered. trials published scientific journals = 0.01) recent 0.002), taken into suggesting increasing awareness its importance. However, need to systematically include design clearly emerges, better highlight sex-related differences disease incidence prognosis best imbue science medicine proper biological cultural differences.

Язык: Английский

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