Collections‐based systematics and biogeography in the 21st century: A tribute to Dr. Vicki Funk DOI
Jun Wen, Warren L. Wagner

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 58(6), С. 743 - 750

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020

This special issue honors Dr. Vicki Ann Funk (26 November 1947–22 October 2019), who passed away after a battle with an aggressive cancer (Fig. 1). was Botanist at the Smithsonian Institution in 1981–2019. inspirational evolutionary biologist and champion for collections-based systematics biogeography (Funk, 2018). She quite literally changed way we perform our today, she consistently driving force positive change botany beyond. one of most active, enthusiastic, passionate professional botanists time. combined these qualities quick mind glowing wit, always new ideas or opinions that eager to share anyone would listen be willing enter engaging dialog. During her distinguished career, achieved pre-eminence fields phylogenetic methods, systematics, biogeography, biodiversity conservation. very active member leader several societies biogeography. Her vision leadership as well passion mentoring next generation have had strong influence on direction botanical research career development many colleagues. A detailed biography published recently by Wagner & Specht (2020), contributions can also found works et al. (2019) Gillespie Whittaker (2020). pioneered use cladistics theory plant late 1970s early 1980s (e.g., Stuessy, 1978; Funk, 1982, 1985a). few time actively collaborated leading zoologists advocating approaches Brooks, 1981; Platnick 1983; Wiley al., 1991). innovatively developed guidelines detect hybridization events, which are common plants, using patterns extensive case studies 1985b). continued extensively study diversification classification Compositae phylogenetics 2005, 2009; Nie 2013), added next-generation phylogenomics tool box last years Mandel 2015, 2017, 2019). world's experts sunflower family, Compositae, largest family flowering plants more than 27 000 species, accounting 10% all angiosperm species. started Ohio State University dissertation Montanoa Cerv. 1982) under Tod Stuessy. In 1981, spent postdoctoral year New York Botanical Garden, where studied Art Cronquist. time, 1 day week American Museum Natural History develop expertise intellectual among community. subsequent 35 years, large network collaborators across globe generated numerous important evolution this large, diverse, ecologically important, taxonomically difficult family. The spectacular book (Systematics, Evolution, Biogeography Compositae) (Funk 2009) is outstanding example Vicki's organizational skills, represents synthesis plants. work won prestigious Stebbins Medal from International Association Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) 2010 2). office Smithsonian, surrounded favorite objects 3). founding members Society (IBS), served President IBS (Gillespie Whittaker, 2020). Early advocated innovative cladistic biogeographic analyses 1982; 1983). 1990s, teamed Warren organize symposium Honolulu meetings explored utility understand Hawaiian archipelago. proceedings were highly influential Biogeography: Evolution Hot Spot Archipelago (Wagner 1995). volume, (1995) articulated famous progression rule hotspot archipelagos: clades tend inhabit older islands first disperse younger order appear. collection papers set foundation inspired archipelago, Pacific, island systems general (Appelhans 2018a, 2018b). On expedition Tibet 2006 4), often discussed young participants island-like vast Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Asia region Baird 2010; Wen 2013, 2014; 2016; Zhang exceptionally advocate 1999; Richardson, 2002; 2004, 2006, 2018; 2015). Director Biological Diversity Guiana Shield Biodiversity Program (BDG) over 30 supported diverse organisms birds, mammals, insects region. BDG program fundamental document, understand, conserve biological diversity area northeastern South America. made 60,000 collections databased those plus nearly 100,000 previously collected specimens (Kelloff database extremely valuable systematic conservation efforts biodiversity-rich 15,000 number brought back worldwide, especially legendarily remote areas Death Valley Roof World targeted taxa like Bidens orofenensis M.L.Grant Tahiti via helicopter (see cover image, issue). genomic era, instrumental establishing Global Genome Initiative Gardens (GGI-Gardens) 2015 goal fulfilling GGI mission: preserve life Earth—for tree 5). about biologists, mentored 40 undergraduate graduate students fellows, interns, students, visiting scientists through Botany Department National Smithsonian. various other roles. Systematic Biologists 1998–1999, Taxonomists 2006–2007, 2007–2009, Washington 2014, 2011 2017. received awards recognizing achievements biology, For example, addition IAPT, awarded Rolf Dahlgren Prize 2014 2018, Asa Gray Award, highest honor bestowed individual (ASPT). ASPT established named Graduate Student Research Award 2019 Meetings Tucson, Arizona. Also, 2019, Linnean London recognized its lifetime service natural sciences. issue, invited broad group explore advances 21st century, pay tribute true field. We emphasize four major significant contributions: Pacific statistical (Asteraceae), systematics. Three oceanic islands. Stuessy (2020) has reviewed processes (ontogeny islands, population divergence, speciation, hybridization) argues present distribution ecology species within endemic groups may little do when originated. Thus, understanding environmental changes infer such founder effect modes Juan Fernández Lord Howe Island. Knope radiation genus Pacific. Although confirmed polyphyletic Coreopsis, Polynesian inferred monophyletic, morphologically clade likely radiated ancestor initial colonization either Marquesas (43% probability) Islands (39% probability). crown estimated occurred ~1.63 million ago (Ma), youngest rapid events documented Within each Marquesan radiations result single being monophyletic paraphyletic respect radiation. From Marquesas, dispersed then Austral Islands. showcases relatively rare long-distance dispersal event coupled loss potential within-island lead repeated, complex, explosive adaptive archipelagoes Polynesia. basis RADseq data, Appelhans reconstructed Myrsine L. primrose (Primulaceae), only ten species-rich lineages never been analysis. monotypic Macaronesian genera Heberdenia Pleiomeris nested it, monophyletic. includes three main lineages: contains majority mainly Kauaʻi two widespread Quartet Sampling HyDe further suggest incongruence throughout phylogeny provide evidence lineage (also see Kleinkopf Four showcase power inferring classical patterns. Echeverría-Londoño another megadiverse Solanum (c. 1200 Solanaceae). Despite Neotropics, Old diversified rapidly, recent increase coinciding Neotropics regions climatic changes. Two migrated Australia independently, arid-adapted experiencing increases rate, they adapted long-term trend toward seasonally dry arid biomes there. excellent showing how successful niches drive diversifications. Zhu conducted analysis Celastrus Celastraceae) wide disjunct five continents both hemispheres. suggested linked global warming during Miocene. originated tropical Central America, North Oceania, Madagascar different periods dispersals. Birds facilitated transoceanic migrations Celastrus, due bicolored fruits, contain red fleshy arils, highlighting importance key morphological innovations animal-mediated dispersals distributional ranges. constructed origin Saxifraga sect. Irregulares Haw. 15–20 Saxifragaceae), early-diverged genus. results corroborate monophyly sister relationship Heterisia Divergence estimates ancestral western migration into eastern Bering land bridge (Graham, 2018) middle Oligocene. desert belt Miocene hypothesized divergence north south Asia, supporting emerging pattern Asia. Wang tackled Asia—the Sino-Japanese disjunctions Diabelia Landrein (four Caprifoliaceae; Linnaeoideae). dated Oligocene, phylogenomic plastomes independent vicariance disjunction between Japan Korea middle-to-late China (Zhejiang) Five included memory evolution. Watson analyzed closely related tribes (Anthemideae, Astereae, Calenduleae, Gnaphalieae, Senecioneae), represent 10 These form subfamily Asteroideae. nuclear plastid genomes HybSeq approach (Zimmer Wen, 2015), concordance conflicting support data sets ancient events. With timing five-tribe shortly before Eocene–Oligocene extinction 34 Ma), lost, hence obscuring details their history. Ackerfield thistle (Cirsium L.), challenging attempt thistles suggests messy difficulties Cirsium (i) undescribed taxa, (ii) inadequate representation herbarium specimens, (iii) phenotypic convergence, (iv) hybridization, (v) incipient speciation. Using approach, Lichter-Marck rock daisy tribe Perityleae, consisting seven genera, c. 84 narrowly cliffs southwest United States northern Mexico. Discordance sources molecular supports Perityleae. Phylogenies reject Perityle Benth. sections. Pappus elements show high level homoplasy, flower color conserved. base chromosome x = 18 give rise lower numbers subtribe Peritylinae (x 12, 13, 16, 17, 19) descending dysploidization. Most constitute but polyploidization inferred. progenitor-specific amplicon sequencing method, Wan tested hypothesis allopolyploidization same parental led yarrow Achillea alpina A. wilsoniana Heimerl ex Hand.-Mazz., diploid progenitor pair, acuminata (Ledeb.) Sch. Bip. asiatica Serg. sequences 17 genes 21 wild populations investigated, allopolyploidy gave genetically distinct taxa. Approximate Bayesian computation tetraploid Last Glacial Maximum went declines Ma origins cultivated chrysanthemums chloroplast LEAFY gene. Several Chrysanthemum L., C. indicum zawadskii Herbich, dichrum (C.Shih) H.Ohashi Yonek., nankingense argyrophyllum Ling, vestitum (Hemsl.) Stapl, directly indirectly involved paternal chrysanthemum cultivars examined study. Yet, maternal extinct cultivars, accessions sampled formed strongly clade, plastome tree. multiple hybridizations involving rather serving parents. Phylogenetic progressed tremendously decade additional sampling characters DiMichele Bateman updated reconstruction Carboniferous tree-clubmoss Paralycopodites Morey disarticulated, anatomically preserved fossils determine position developmental biology dictated remarkable architecture. Their taxonomic conclusions phylogenetically basalmost stigmarian lycopsids expanded encompass compression mode preservation. Considering Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG I, 2016) did not include intergeneric hybrids (nothogenera), Liu provided evaluation proposed nothogenera context current phylogeny-based pteridophyte classification. They nothospecies phylogeny. future better report ferns lycophytes, areas. Spooner compared carrot Daucus regions: entire genome, 47 mitochondrial genes, 94 conserved orthologs, 564 895 SNPs. Extensive discordance detected maximum parsimony, likelihood, trees coalescent well. results, thus, raise questions concerning best analytical methods reconstruct "true" Thode evaluated character partitioning models Amphilophium Kunth (Bignoniaceae) incongruences recovered relationships located short internodes. selection appropriate partition strategies accuracy relationships, even sets. Welker grass Andropogoneae Dumort. (14 subtribes, 92 1224 species), crops maize, sugarcane, sorghum, dominates grasslands world. diverged Arundinelleae Miocene, "core Andropogoneae" Africa World. Soreng presented ribosomal DNA Poa characterized breeding morphology Nivicolae (Roshev.) Prob., assessed taxonomy poorly understood section. Rabarijaona revisited divergences Cayratia Juss. Vitaceae close relatives Cayratieae J.Wen L.M.Lu (Wen 2018), broadly Madagascar. evidence, authors genus, Afrocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu, Z.D.Chen revision untimely passing big science dear friend us, organizing emotional process us. hope will help inspire colleagues carrying spirit promote Century

Язык: Английский

Phylogenetic relationships and the repeated loss of traits associated with sicklebill pollination in Centropogon subgenus Centropogon (Campanulaceae) DOI Open Access
Janet Mansaray, Ana M. Bedoya, Laura A. Frost

и другие.

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Centropogon subgenus comprises 55 species found primarily in midelevation Andean forests featuring some of the most curved flowers among angiosperms. Floral curvature is linked to coevolution with sicklebill hummingbird, which pollinates species. Despite charismatic flowers, there limited knowledge about phylogenetic relationships and floral evolution. We conducted first densely sampled phylogenomic analysis clade using methods that account for incomplete lineage sorting on a sequence capture dataset generated lineage-specific probe set. Using comparative methods, we test correlated evolution two traits central pollination. improve understanding by more than doubling past taxon sampling. confirm monophyly sections, non-monophyly remaining sections. The characterized high gene tree discordance. Three widespread display contrasting dynamics, C. cornutus forming granulosus solanifolius non-monophyletic, biogeographically clustered lineages. Correlated inflorescence structure has led multiple putative losses adds growing body literature plant clades This phylogeny serves as foundational framework further macroevolutionary investigations into environmental biogeographic factors shaping pollination-related traits.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0

Phylogenomics of the tetraploid Hawaiian lobeliads: Implications for their origin, dispersal history, and adaptive radiation DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey P. Rose, Bing Li,

Margaret J. Sporck‐Koehler

и другие.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(19)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2025

Hawaiian lobeliads exhibit extensive adaptive radiations and are considered the largest plant clade (143 species) endemic to any oceanic archipelago. Rapid insular prone reticulate evolution, yet detecting hybridization is often limited by inadequate sampling of taxa or independent loci. We analyzed 633 nuclear loci (including tetraploid duplications) whole plastomes for 89% extant species derive phylogenies lobeliads. Nuclear data provide strong support nine major clades in both likelihood ASTRAL analyses. All genera/sections monophyletic except Clermontia Cyanea . plastome conflict on short, deep branches; tree resolves a fleshy-fruited Clermontia/Cyanea-Brighamia/Delissea , sister Polynesian Sclerotheca with capsular-fruited clade. Incomplete lineage sorting rapid radiation starting 8.5–11.3 Ma sufficient explain uncertainty cytonuclear discordance along backbone. Sequence reticulation within especially identify 42 interisland dispersal events: accord strict progression rule, involving movement next younger island hotspot chain, consistent theory. Plastid overestimate such events 17%. have undergone parallel elevational distribution flower length all islands, multiple founders some differences. lobeliad diversification was driven an early intergeneric divergence habitat, followed ecological speciation Clermontia/Cyanea combined widespread single-island endemism, frequent dispersal, occasional hybridization.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0

Phylogeny and new sectional classification for the Cape Clade of the genus Indigofera (Fabaceae: Indigofereae) DOI Creative Commons
B. du Preez, Brian Schrire, Léanne L. Dreyer

и другие.

Taxon, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

Abstract The genus Indigofera in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) comprises a diverse assortment of species. Almost 90% region's species belong to Clade, while remaining are scattered among other three globally distributed clades. As prelude species‐level revision, we aimed revise sectional classification making use molecular and morphological data. We present near‐complete sampled phylogenies representing ca. 95% within GCFR, using nuclear ITS region plastid regions. Ancestral state reconstructions identified several characters that, as unique suites traits, can help distinguish different sections/subsections, rather than single diagnostic traits. A total‐evidence phylogeny based on both morphology data strongly supports recognition eight sections Clade. sect. Brachypodae , Digitatae Juncifoliae Oligophyllae Productae maintained refined from previous classifications. cytisoides I. merxmuelleri nudicaulis circumscribed into new monospecific ( Cytisoidae Merxmuelleranae Nudicaules ), characters. most sections, each further divided four subsections.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0

Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequences Resolve the Enigmatic Origin of the Concord Grape DOI Creative Commons
Jun Wen, Sterling A. Herron, Xue Yang

и другие.

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 17, 2020

Despite the commercial importance of Concord grape, its origin has remained unresolved for over 150 years without a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. In this study we aimed to reconstruct evolutionary history grape using sequence data from four nuclear markers (AT103, GAI1, PHYA, and SQD1), six plastid (matK, psbA-trnH, petN-trnC, ycf1, trnL-F, trnS-G), genome. We sampled extensively Vitis species native northeastern North America as well representative Europe Asia, including commercially important vinifera (wine grape), European with hermaphroditic flowers, wild progenitor, V. subsp. sylvestris. also sequenced genome one accession compared recently published set plastomes. Phylogenetic analyses maximum likelihood Bayesian inference support hybrid grape. The results clearly pinpoint wine vinifera, maternal donor fox labrusca, which is common in America, paternal donor. Moreover, infer that breeding must have involved backcrossing F1 parent labrusca. This explains higher morphological similarity labrusca than vinifera. provides concrete genetic evidence widespread cultivar is, therefore, promising similar future studies focused on resolving ambiguous origins major crops or create successful fruit crops.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

20

RADseq resolves the phylogeny of Hawaiian Myrsine (Primulaceae) and provides evidence for hybridization DOI Creative Commons
Marc S. Appelhans, Claudia Paetzold, Kenneth R. Wood

и другие.

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 58(6), С. 823 - 840

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2020

Abstract The Hawaiian radiation of Myrsine (primrose family, Primulaceae) is the only one among ten most species‐rich plant lineages that has never been included in a phylogenetic analysis. Our study based on RADseq dataset nearly all species and Sanger sequencing worldwide sampling related genera. as whole might be paraphyletic with respect to monotypic Macaronesian genera Heberdenia Pleiomeris , whereas resolved monophyletic. proved insufficient resolve lineage, fully relationships high support. consists three main lineages, which contains majority mainly confined Kauaʻi, other two primarily consist few widespread species. Although reconstructions delivered supported tree topologies, Quartet Sampling HyDe analyses reveal incongruence throughout phylogeny provide first molecular evidence extensive hybridization lineage.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

19

Assessing the fit of the multi-species network coalescent to multi-locus data DOI

Ruoyi Cai,

Cécile Ané

Bioinformatics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 37(5), С. 634 - 641

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2020

With growing genome-wide molecular datasets from next-generation sequencing, phylogenetic networks can be estimated using a variety of approaches. These include events like hybridization, gene flow or horizontal transfer explicitly. However, the most accurate network inference methods are computationally heavy. Methods that scale to larger do not calculate full likelihood, such traditional likelihood-based tools for model selection applicable decide how many past hybridization best fit data. We propose here goodness-of-fit test quantify between data observed multi-locus data, and patterns expected under multi-species coalescent on candidate network.We identified weaknesses in previously proposed TICR test, corrections. The performance our new was validated by simulations real-world networks. Our provides one first rigorous selection, select adequate complexity at hand. also work identifying poorly inferred areas network.Software is available as Julia package https://github.com/cecileane/QuartetNetworkGoodnessFit.jl.Supplementary Bioinformatics online.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

19

Resolving species boundaries in a recent radiation with the Angiosperms353 probe set: the Lomatium packardiae/L. anomalum clade of the L. triternatum (Apiaceae) complex DOI Creative Commons

Michael V. Ottenlips,

Donald H. Mansfield,

Sven Buerki

и другие.

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 108(7), С. 1217 - 1233

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2021

Premise Speciation not associated with morphological shifts is challenging to detect unless molecular data are employed. Using Sanger‐sequencing approaches, the Lomatium packardiae/L. anomalum subcomplex within larger triternatum complex could be resolved. Therefore, we attempt resolve these boundaries here. Methods The Angiosperms353 probe set was employed ambiguity species using 48 accessions assigned L. packardiae , or . In addition exon data, 54 nuclear introns were extracted and complete for all samples. Three approaches used estimate evolutionary relationships define boundaries: STACEY, a Bayesian coalescent‐based tree analysis that takes incomplete lineage sorting into account; ASTRAL‐III, another analysis; concatenated approach MrBayes. Climatic factors, characters, soil variables measured analyzed provide additional support recovered groups. Results STACEY three major clades seven subclades, of which geographically structured, some correspond previously named taxa. No other had full agreement between parameters. niche leaflet width length predictive ability clades. Conclusions results suggest groups in process incipient speciation has been barrier resolving this previously. These hypothesized through sequencing multiple loci analyzing processes.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

17

Phylogenomics of Fargesia and Yushania reveals a history of reticulate evolution DOI Open Access

Xia‐Ying Ye,

Pengfei Ma, Cen Guo

и другие.

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(6), С. 1183 - 1197

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2021

Abstract Reticulate evolution is a common and important driving force in angiosperm evolution. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic signals of genomic regions with different inheritance patterns to understand evolutionary process organisms using species‐rich Himalaya–Hengduan taxa bamboos ( Fargesia Franchet Yushania Keng). We constructed trees sampling strategies reconstruction methods based on genome skimming double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing data. assessed congruence topologies generated from datasets employed several approaches reveal causes incongruence, including detection hybridization introgression PhyloNetworks D ‐statistic test (ABBA‐BABA test). found that, plastome‐based phylogeny, can be clustered into three groups was nested within one them, which contradicts nuclear–double sequencing‐based phylogeny. Moreover, genetic variation chloroplast significantly correlated geographical distribution. The strong signal incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, introgression, cytoplasmic gene flow among genera species suggests that reticulate main cause for incongruence between nuclear datasets. Our results add evidence genomes distinct histories suggest prevalent rapidly diversifying groups.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

11

Phylogenetic and functional trait‐based community assembly within Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): Evidence for clustering at multiple spatial scales DOI Creative Commons
Melissa A. Johnson

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Tropical rainforest communities are often characterized by a small number of species-rich genera that contribute disproportionately to the alpha diversity in these habitats. In Pacific Basin, there nearly 200 species

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4

Advances in biogeography in the age of a new modern synthesis DOI Open Access
Jun Wen, Ze‐Long Nie, Stefanie M. Ickert‐Bond

и другие.

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 57(6), С. 543 - 546

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2019

Biogeography is a highly interdisciplinary field that integrates evidence from systematics, paleontology, geology, and ecology to study the patterns processes shaping distributions of life over wide range spatial temporal scales (Lomolino et al., 2004; Wen 2013). The last two decades have been an exciting period for development biogeography, with major advances in biogeographic methods, phylogenomics, phylogeography, big data, biodiversity science, ecology, geology (Ree & Smith, 2008; Ronquist Sanmartín, 2011; 2013, 2017; Matzke, 2014). Recently, there calls integration various approaches, example, historical-versus-ecological-oriented (Wiens Donoghue, 2004) pattern-versus-process-oriented (Ebach Tangney, 2007), promoting statistical phylogeography (Knowles Maddison, 2002), linking plant ecosystem functional biogeography (Reichstein Parametric or model-based approaches developed incorporate such as dispersal, expansion, extinction inference evolution 2009). Recent developments phylogenomic tools (Zimmer Wen, 2015) are breathing new into integrative providing more robust phylogenetic framework (Wen Today, at era modern synthesis incorporates data phylogenetics/phylogenomics, paleobiology, population biology, analytical tools. We herein present special issue "Advances age synthesis," which features 12 papers. Four papers focus on classical Asian–New World disjunctions (Wen, 1999; 2010, 2016). Valcárcel (2019) employ chloroplast genome sequences integrate fossil tackle deep continental Asian radiation core Araliaceae clade discuss multiple between eastern Asia New World. Liu al. complete ribosomal DNA repeat through skimming approach explore evolutionary diversification Photinia complex Rosaceae, was considered be disjunctly distributed subtropical tropical Neotropics. shows Neotropical "Photinia" diverged early large clade, while closely related other taxa. tribe Maleae Rosaceae had subsequently diversified Asia. Zhang (2019b) conduct plastome analyses Torreya infer divergence North American T. taxifolia its relatives late Miocene, but much younger disjunction inferred western californica grandis. authors argue climatic oscillations environmental changes during after Tertiary up intercontinental Torreya. Lee Asian-North small subfamily Orontioideae Araceae using extensive taxon sampling. Asian-eastern Symplocarpus dated 4.5–1.4 Ma Pliocene Pleistocene, America Lysichiton estimated 1.9–0.5 supporting Bering land bridge connection 2016; Graham, 2018). results dense sampling also reveal taxonomy needs reassessed. by Li Tang shed insights broader Northern Hemisphere (Donoghue Moore, 2003; Harris 2017). report well-resolved phylogeny maple genus Acer, well-known tree lineage Hemisphere, 500 nuclear genes next-gen anchored hybrid enrichment approach. Eastern current center diversity it ancestral area. Acer spread Europe/western since Eocene. were Miocene. fruit macrofossils extinct Lagokarpos Tibet, first record Lagocarpos previously only known Germany latest Paleogene middle This Tibet supports link Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) floras well climate central QTP (also see Two studies remarkable worldwide geographic success diversifications. Otero long-distance dispersals mechanisms several (Madrean-Tethyan, amphitropical, trans-Pacific) Omphalodeae Boraginaceae, facilitated epizoochorous traits. Martín-Bravo reconstruct history mega-diverse sedge Carex, 2/3 c. 2000 species ETS-ITS-matK within Hyb-Seq framework. featured "out-of-Asia" colonizations asymmetric especially America, independent colonization events Southern Hemisphere. "sky island" has contributed greatly mountainous regions 1989). (2019a) highlight Eutrema (Brassicaceae) Himalayan-Hengduan Mountain region, based genomic resequencing. support isolation four five species, one derived origin, all Miocene times active mountain uplifts region. case mechanism driving sky island systems. Exploring oceanic islands intrigued biologists ever Darwin's observations Galapagos (Darwin, 1859; Carlquist, 1974; Crawford Archibald, Price Wagner, 2018; Appelhans 2018a, 2018b). Kleinkopf used targeted relationships 22 Hawaiian Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) both concatenated species-tree approaches. Gene discordance low some nodes attributed gene flow hybridization presence incomplete sorting. Interestingly, directionality dispersal oldest Kaua'i youngest Hawai'i possible back Maui Nui O'ahu Nui. Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot world (Myers 2000) fascinatingly rich, yet still poorly known, region (Fiaschi Pirani, Reginato Michelangeli document striking amphitropical-like melastome Leandra s. str. Brazil high concentration Forests, Andes Mesoamerica, they found recent general characteristic typical amphitropical flowering plants Ickert-Bond, 2009; Simpson Brazil, Mesoamerica involving largely montane elements may represent unique pattern. Pleistocene expansions, followed local interglacial extinctions, discussed scenarios explain this "American sub-tropical disjunction" Leandra. Mangaravite phylogeographic pattern Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae) their 410 specimens across 50 localities. conducts genetic diversity, patterns, past distributions, focusing highland populations. provide moist forest hypothesis dry refugia impacting conservation strategies vulnerable context global warming. hope set will stimulate empirical methods simultaneously lines evidence, phylogenetic/phylogenomic relationships, times, evolution, traits, Bayesian test hypotheses (Harris Hearn Paetzold Ree Klaus 2019).

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

10