The early middle Eocene Wagon Bed carpoflora of central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Fossil Imprint, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 78(1), С. 51 - 79

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

The early middle Eocene Wagon Bed fruit and seed flora of central Wyoming encompasses nine morphotypes that are assignable to extant genera (Alangium, Aphanathe, Canarium, Carya, Celtis, Iodes, Mastixia, Nyssa, Pleiogynium), four extinct in families (Chandlera, Menispermaceae; Coryloides, Betulaceae; Pentoperculum, Anacardiaceae; Saxifragispermum, Salicaceae) one morphotype potentially an family (Pandanaceae). At least 11 remain unidentified due incomplete characters, although some exhibit features suggestive, but not definitive, (e.g., Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Nymphaeaceae, Rosaceae). Individual taxa paleobiogeographic links with the floras west coast North America, as well those Europe. Together previously described pollen woods, these fruits seeds indicate a mixed evergreen deciduous forest, existing under moist circumstances, possessing primary taxonomic affinities paratropical Old World.

Язык: Английский

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Origin and diversification of Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae): inferences from a phylogenetic study based on matK sequences

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

In the realm of Aquilaria classification and grading, a persistent market uncertainty persists, questioning whether basis should be geographical distribution or biological origin. this study, our goal is to shed light on origin diversification genera. We collected analyzed total 320 specimens belonging 25 species within Noteworthy findings include observed leaf similarities among three distinct species—A. yunnanensis, A. sinensis, beccariana. Further results emphasize effectiveness matK molecular markers in differentiating species, leveraging 8 stable polymorphic loci. The integration trnL-trnF not only validates efficacy but also streamlines systematic categorization 34 agarwood products. Delving into evolutionary status genetic background Aquilaria, study employs clock analyses, revealing four pedigrees: Chinese pedigree 1 2, Indonesian pedigree, Indochina aligning with malaccensis, cumingiana, respectively. Notably, we identified sinensis malacca as part youngest branch evolution, hirta emerging oldest member dating back 6.78 million years ago. Furthermore, research challenges previous assumptions by reevaluating G. walla, placing it at 5.75 ago, suggesting its incorporation genus rather than considering an early divergent species.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological and Evolutionary Factors Contribute to the Uneven Diversification of Firs in the Northern Hemisphere

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(2), С. 505 - 519

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2024

ABSTRACT Aim The Northern Hemisphere harbours the greatest diversity of temperate plants on Earth, with East Asia having highest species richness compared North America and Europe. When how this uneven diversification pattern emerged remains unclear. Here, we use a conifer genus that forms extensive forests in to explore fundamental question ecology evolution: what processes underlie biodiversity through time space? Location Hemisphere. Taxon Abies . Methods To reconstruct well‐supported framework for estimating rate, performed phylogenetic analyses using concatenation coalescent methods based 58 fir taxa 56 nuclear single‐copy genes. Niche evolution was explored occurrence data environmental factors l1ou model. Multiple regression carried out identify correlations between variables at global regional scales, evaluate preference, potentially explain evolutionary history firs. Results We identified as speciation rate. Two clade‐specific niche shifts corresponding distribution firs were detected, one Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains ( c. 12.2 Ma) other Mexican highlands 14.3 Ma), but none Euro‐Mediterranean region. Fir increased cool temperatures both globally regionally. Seasonal precipitation showed significant positive correlation scale Soil trends moderate highlands. Main Conclusions Our results indicate modern prefer climates seasonal rainfall. Asian experienced Himalayan orogeny Middle Miocene. Novel heterogeneous habitats due changes topography establishment monsoon climate, accompanied by shift, can account high Asia. A similar process is found highland In contrast, cold–dry continental climate since late Paleogene lack rainfall relatively stable region are main limiting diversification. study rejects ‘clade age’ hypothesis supports shift related rate triggered heterogeneity underlies

Язык: Английский

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Floral morphogenesis of the Maddenia and Pygeum groups of Prunus (Rosaceae), with an emphasis on the perianth

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 60(5), С. 1062 - 1077

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2021

Abstract Although the vast majority of Prunus L. (Rosaceae) species have clearly differentiated sepals and petals, two former genera Maddenia Pygeum been described as having an undifferentiated perianth. However, floral morphological morphogenetic data are scarce, a renewed investigation is essential to understand evolution perianth differentiation. Here, morphogenesis in hypoleuca (Koehne) J.Wen (= Koehne) topengii (Merr.) J. Wen & Zhao Merr.) were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The development demonstrates that ten parts can be distinguished five external whorl petals internal whorl. sepal primordia broad, crescent‐shaped, truncate. petal rounded initially resemble androecium. at maturity look much same species, differing from other species. ovule anatropous unitegmic, but there basal appendage near P. which absent . direction nectaries hypanthium basipetal acropetal Perianth segments groups similarity secondarily acquired. Our results support separation well their inclusion broader monophyletic based on molecular phylogenetic studies. We herein provide new nomenclatural change: Zhao, comb. nov.

Язык: Английский

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First occurrence of Nyssa endocarps and associated fungi in the Oligocene of South China: palaeogeographical and palaeoecological significance

Papers in Palaeontology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2021

Abstract Co‐evolutionary relationships of plants and fungi are great importance for the phylogeny both groups. Nyssa was widely distributed in northern hemisphere during Cenozoic. Extant species exhibit a disjunct distribution between eastern North America, Central America East Asia. Here, new species, nanningensis Xu & Jin, is described based on fruit endocarps from upper Oligocene Yongning Formation Nanning Basin, South China. This fossil record expands known palaeogeographical genus to low latitudes Associated fungal fruiting bodies assigned Yongnicta nyssae Tobias Maslova. similar some members extant wood destructor taxa Coronophorales Amphisphaeriales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). About 3% studied were affected by . Low frequency damage indicates that could be released mesocarps animals eating fleshy parts fruits, making them potentially available wood‐destroying fungi.

Язык: Английский

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