A framework infrageneric classification ofCarex(Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 59(4), С. 726 - 762

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2020

Abstract Phylogenetic studies of Carex L. (Cyperaceae) have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para‐ or polyphyletic. Yet, taxonomists continue to use in classification. Why? The Global Group (GCG) here takes the position historical continued serves (i) organize our understanding lineages , (ii) create an identification mechanism break ~2000 species into manageable groups stimulate its study, (iii) provide a framework recognize morphologically diagnosable within . Unfortunately, current phylogenetic relationships is not yet sufficient for global reclassification genus Linnean infrageneric (sectional) framework. Rather than leaving classification state, which misleading confusing, we take intermediate steps implementing recently revised subgeneric using combination informally named clades formally reflect state knowledge. This hybrid presented order corresponding linear arrangement on ladderized phylogeny, largely based recent phylogenies published by GCG. It organizes six subgenera, are, turn, subdivided 62 plus 49 informal groups. will serve as roadmap research enabling further development complete presenting relevant morphological geographical information where possible standardizing formal sectional names.

Язык: Английский

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Global analysis of Poales diversification – parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 242(2), С. 727 - 743

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders plants often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites traits. We test six hypotheses regarding evolution assembly in closed habitats throughout world, examine whether diversification patterns demonstrate parallel evolution. sampled 42% species obtained taxonomic biogeographic data from World Checklist Vascular Plants database, which was combined with open/closed habitat scored experts. A dated supertree constructed. integrated spatial phylogenetics regionalisation analyses, historical biogeography ancestral state estimations. Diversification result dynamic evolutionary processes that vary across lineages, time space, prominently tropical southern latitudes. Our results reveal recurrent trait transitions species-rich families Poaceae Cyperaceae. Smaller display divergent trajectories. The have achieved global dominance via notable, spatially phylogenetically restricted divergences into strictly habitats.

Язык: Английский

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Functional and habitat characteristics associated with nativeness, rarity, and invasiveness in the aquatic vascular flora of Sardinia

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. e03482 - e03482

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Macroevolutionary insights into sedges (Carex: Cyperaceae): The effects of rapid chromosome number evolution on lineage diversification

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(4), С. 776 - 790

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Abstract Changes in holocentric chromosome number due to fission and fusion have direct immediate effects on genome structure recombination rates. These, turn, may influence ecology evolutionary trajectories profoundly. Sedges of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) comprise ca. 2000 species with chromosomes. The exhibits a phenomenal range (2n = 10 − 132) almost not polyploidy. In this study, we integrated most comprehensive cytogenetic phylogenetic data for sedges associated climatic morphological investigate hypothesis that high rates are selected when innovation is required, using evolution as proxy rate. We evaluated Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models infer shifts equilibrium selective regime. also tested relationship between diversification Our analyses demonstrate significant correlations morphology niche . Nevertheless, amount chromosomal variation able explain very small. recognized large mean number, but significantly lower morphology. detected peak near intermediate combination, these point toward importance history work suggests effect rates, just reproductive isolation, be central sedges.

Язык: Английский

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Climate, immigration and speciation shape terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity in the European Alps

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 289(1980)

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2022

Quaternary climate fluctuations can affect speciation in regional biodiversity assembly two non-mutually exclusive ways: a glacial species pump, where isolation refugia accelerates allopatric speciation, and adaptive radiation underused zones during ice-free periods. We detected biogeographic genetic signatures associated with both mechanisms the of biota European Alps. Age distributions endemic widespread within aquatic terrestrial taxa (amphipods, fishes, amphibians, butterflies flowering plants) revealed that fish evolved only lakes, are highly sympatric, mainly Holocene age, consistent radiation. Endemic amphipods ancient, suggesting preglacial limited range expansion local Pleistocene survival, perhaps facilitated by groundwater-dwelling lifestyle. Terrestrial endemics mostly age thus more pump. The lack evidence for biome is faster recolonization through these after retreats. More stable less seasonal ecological conditions lakes may also have contributed to lakes. high proportion young, makes Alpine vulnerable change, but consequences loss will likely differ between biomes because their distinct evolutionary histories.

Язык: Английский

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Plant Neighbourhood as Predictor of Allopatric Speciation in Sedges

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Adaptation to different environments in geographically separated populations is key for allopatric speciation. Most research has focused on the effects of geographical isolation and abiotic factors, but disjunct frequently co‐occur with pools species, favouring divergent adaptation We show importance plant neighbourhood, compared geographic environmental speciation two closely related plants, Carex elata reuteriana . Both species share similar ecological requirements inhabit river shores at medium low altitudes across Iberian Peninsula. employed a multidisciplinary approach integrating abiotic, biotic genomic data (genotyping‐by‐sequencing) infer relative role evolutionary drivers. Abiotic factors were assessed based 38 bioclimatic variables, using community co‐occurring (1536 vegetation inventories), distance matrix coordinates. Using regularised generalised linear models, we identified variables explaining distribution patterns. also examined relationships between inter‐population genetic distances, biotic, understand drivers lineage splitting, revealing varying degrees influence. Plant neighbourhood emerged as stronger predictor distributions than or largest effect observed , which exhibited greatest population differentiation. These findings suggest that microenvironmental influencing neighbourhoods have significantly contributed differentiation these taxa, providing new insights into processes shaping origin species.

Язык: Английский

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Global analysis of Poales diversification – parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2023

Summary Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders plants often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites traits. We test hypotheses that species assembled into distinct phyloregions, with centres high phylogenetic diversity endemism clustered in tropical regions, cosmopolitan families show parallel transitions closed habitats at different times. sampled 42% obtained taxonomic biogeographic data from World Checklist Vascular Plants database, which was combined open/closed habitat scored experts. A dated supertree constructed. integrated spatial phylogenetics regionalization analyses, historical biogeography, ancestral state estimations, models contingent evolution. Diversification assembly result dynamic evolutionary processes vary across lineages, time, space, traits, prominently southern latitudes. Our results reveal recurrent patterns trait species-rich Poaceae Cyperaceae, yet other smaller display trajectories. The have achieved global dominance via evolution notable, spatially phylogenetically restricted divergences strictly habitats.

Язык: Английский

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Diversification and Biogeography of North American Thistles (Cirsium: Carduoideae: Compositae): Drivers of a Rapid Continent-Wide Radiation

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 184(5), С. 322 - 341

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

Premise of research. Cirsium ("thistles"), the most speciose genus in Compositae (Asteraceae) subfamily Carduoideae native to North America, comprises a rapid endemic radiation. Hummingbird pollination is rare Compositae, but approximately 10% all America are adapted this syndrome. Although an example continent-wide evolutionary radiation, biotic and abiotic factors contributing remarkable diversification have never been studied.Methodology. Sixty-four taxa representing its distribution were sequenced using MYbaits 1061 1kv1 kit. These results used infer time-calibrated phylogeny estimate divergence times rates. Ancestral area reconstructions for eight biogeographical areas 10 habitats performed with BioGeoBEARS. A model-fitting approach was test whether (1) different environmental variables related diversification, (2) pollinator type differences environment, (3) diversification. Phylogenetic least squares models against rates variables, type, or morphological traits influenced diversification.Pivotal results. originated 2 mya, majority occurring three nearly simultaneous bursts during onset Pleistocene ice age. showed evidence phylogenetic signal, there no significant innovations that contributed overall Cirsium. Precipitation semiaridity main catalysts associated near-significant lower than insect pollination.Conclusions. The integrated effects niche conservatism glacial-interglacial cycles played role shaping current distributional patterns, particularly alpine mountain systems canyons Colorado Plateau. hummingbird Cirsium, switch syndrome may facilitated expansion across post-Pleistocene fragmented landscapes. Ultimately, study offers important insights into drivers rapid, radiation impact glaciation on flora America.

Язык: Английский

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Are Cenozoic relict species also climatic relicts? Insights from the macroecological evolution of the giant sedges ofCarexsect.Rhynchocystis(Cyperaceae)

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(1), С. 115 - 129

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2021

Most of the Paleotropical flora widely distributed in Western Palearctic became extinct during Mio-Pliocene as a result global geoclimatic changes. A few elements from this Cenozoic are believed to remain relicts Macaronesia, forming part laurel forests. Although origins present species assembly known be heterogeneous, it is unclear whether some should considered climatic with conserved niches. An ideal group for studying such relict characteristics Miocene lineage Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae), which comprises four mainland and Macaronesia.We reconstructed current past environmental spaces extant Macaronesian species, well Pliocene fossils. We also studied bioclimatic niche evolution. Species distribution modeling ensemble small were performed assess potential over time.Climatic analyses revealed that ecological requirements did not overlap those either or Conversely, niches displayed significant similarity equivalence.Macaronesian flora, but instead seem have changed their ancestors. By contrast, despite ancient divergence (Late Miocene), C. pendula agastachys show niches, competitive exclusion likely shaping mostly allopatric ranges.

Язык: Английский

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New relevant chorological and conservation data on Carex (Cyperaceae) and Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from Ecuador

Biodiversity Data Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 8, 2023

Knowledge of Carex L. (true sedges) and Hypericum (St. John's wort) in the Neotropics is fragmentary. As a result fieldwork campaign Ecuador revision herbarium collections (K, QCA QCNE), we present here relevant records twelve (Cyperaceae) four (Hypericaceae) species. Regarding , novel report for South America C. aztecica as well first Ecuadorian brehmeri collumanthus fecunda melanocystis punicola . The three later have additional biogeographical significance, they represent new northern limit these We also include observations another five species included Red List Endemic Plants. result, list native reported would now 52 taxa. With regard to H. sprucei province Bolívar, confirmation presence rare ( acostanum matangense prietoi ) their type localities, although with extremely low population sizes. discuss conservation status implications.

Язык: Английский

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