Despite
centuries
of
intense
work,
the
basic
taxonomic
knowledge
flora
Iberian
peninsula
is
still
incomplete,
especially
for
highly
diverse
and/or
difficult
genera
such
as
Carex
.
In
this
study,
we
conducted
an
integrative
systematic
study
based
on
molecular,
morphological
and
cytogenetic
data
to
elucidate
status
several
problematic
populations
from
La
Mancha
region
(S
Spain)
belonging
sect.
Phacocystis
These
have
been
traditionally
considered
uncertain
adscription,
but
close
C.
reuteriana.
A
detailed
was
performed
with
16
sampled
(Sierra
Madrona,
Montes
de
Toledo)
in
order
compare
them
other
species.
addition,
a
phylogenetic
analysis
using
two
nuclear
(ITS,
ETS)
plastid
(
rpl
32‐
trn
L
UAG
,
ycf
6‐
psb
M)
DNA
regions,
including
representatives
whole
We
found
significant
degree
molecular
differentiation
that
supports
recognition
these
new
endemic
species,
quixotiana.
Our
results
reveal
that,
unexpectedly,
quixotiana
more
closely
related
nigra
than
reuteriana
basis
relationships
chromosome
number.
However,
overall
appearance
ecological
preferences
were
misleadingly
suggesting
affinities
contrasting
patterns
reflect
complexity
remark
need
approaches
disentangle
fiendish
evolutionary
scenarios.
Anticipating
the
evolutionary
responses
of
species
to
ongoing
climate
change
is
essential
propose
effective
management
and
conservation
measures.The
Western
Mediterranean
Basin
constitutes
one
hotspots
biodiversity
where
effects
are
expected
be
more
dramatic.Plant
with
ecological
relevance
constitute
ideal
models
evaluate
predict
impact
on
ecosystems.Here
we
investigate
these
impacts
through
spatio-temporal
comparison
genetic
diversity/structure
(AFLPs),
potential
distribution
under
different
future
scenarios
change,
space
in
two
sister
genus
Carex.Both
ecologically
key
their
riparian
habitats,
but
display
contrasting
patterns,
widespread
Iberian
Peninsula
North
Africa
(C.reuteriana),
while
other
(C.panormitana)
a
restricted,
probably
endangered,
Central
endemic.At
present,
found
strong
structure
driven
by
geography
both
species,
lower
values
diversity
narrower
C.
panormitana
than
reuteriana,
although
allelic
rarity
was
higher
former.Future
projections
an
overall
dramatic
reduction
suitable
areas
for
all
scenarios,
which
could
almost
total
panormitana.In
addition,
gene
inferred
decrease
taxa,
reinforcing
reuteriana
loss
admixture
among
populations.Our
findings
stress
need
reassessment
status
IUCN
Red
List
criteria
implementation
measures.
Anticipating
the
evolutionary
responses
of
species
to
ongoing
climate
change
is
essential
propose
effective
management
and
conservation
measures.The
Western
Mediterranean
Basin
constitutes
one
hotspots
biodiversity
where
effects
are
expected
be
more
dramatic.Plant
with
ecological
relevance
constitute
ideal
models
evaluate
predict
impact
on
ecosystems.Here
we
investigate
these
impacts
through
spatio-temporal
comparison
genetic
diversity/structure
(AFLPs),
potential
distribution
under
different
future
scenarios
change,
space
in
two
sister
genus
Carex.Both
ecologically
key
their
riparian
habitats,
but
display
contrasting
patterns,
widespread
Iberian
Peninsula
North
Africa
(C.reuteriana),
while
other
(C.panormitana)
a
restricted,
probably
endangered,
Central
endemic.At
present,
found
strong
structure
driven
by
geography
both
species,
lower
values
diversity
narrower
C.
panormitana
than
reuteriana,
although
allelic
rarity
was
higher
former.Future
projections
an
overall
dramatic
reduction
suitable
areas
for
all
scenarios,
which
could
almost
total
panormitana.In
addition,
gene
inferred
decrease
taxa,
reinforcing
reuteriana
loss
admixture
among
populations.Our
findings
stress
need
reassessment
status
IUCN
Red
List
criteria
implementation
measures.
Anticipating
the
evolutionary
responses
of
species
to
ongoing
climate
change
is
essential
propose
effective
management
and
conservation
measures.The
Western
Mediterranean
Basin
constitutes
one
hotspots
biodiversity
where
effects
are
expected
be
more
dramatic.Plant
with
ecological
relevance
constitute
ideal
models
evaluate
predict
impact
on
ecosystems.Here
we
investigate
these
impacts
through
spatio-temporal
comparison
genetic
diversity/structure
(AFLPs),
potential
distribution
under
different
future
scenarios
change,
space
in
two
sister
genus
Carex.Both
ecologically
key
their
riparian
habitats,
but
display
contrasting
patterns,
widespread
Iberian
Peninsula
North
Africa
(C.reuteriana),
while
other
(C.panormitana)
a
restricted,
probably
endangered,
Central
endemic.At
present,
found
strong
structure
driven
by
geography
both
species,
lower
values
diversity
narrower
C.
panormitana
than
reuteriana,
although
allelic
rarity
was
higher
former.Future
projections
an
overall
dramatic
reduction
suitable
areas
for
all
scenarios,
which
could
almost
total
panormitana.In
addition,
gene
inferred
decrease
taxa,
reinforcing
reuteriana
loss
admixture
among
populations.Our
findings
stress
need
reassessment
status
IUCN
Red
List
criteria
implementation
measures.
Anticipating
the
evolutionary
responses
of
species
to
ongoing
climate
change
is
essential
propose
effective
management
and
conservation
measures.The
Western
Mediterranean
Basin
constitutes
one
hotspots
biodiversity
where
effects
are
expected
be
more
dramatic.Plant
with
ecological
relevance
constitute
ideal
models
evaluate
predict
impact
on
ecosystems.Here
we
investigate
these
impacts
through
spatio-temporal
comparison
genetic
diversity/structure
(AFLPs),
potential
distribution
under
different
future
scenarios
change,
space
in
two
sister
genus
Carex.Both
ecologically
key
their
riparian
habitats,
but
display
contrasting
patterns,
widespread
Iberian
Peninsula
North
Africa
(C.reuteriana),
while
other
(C.panormitana)
a
restricted,
probably
endangered,
Central
endemic.At
present,
found
strong
structure
driven
by
geography
both
species,
lower
values
diversity
narrower
C.
panormitana
than
reuteriana,
although
allelic
rarity
was
higher
former.Future
projections
an
overall
dramatic
reduction
suitable
areas
for
all
scenarios,
which
could
almost
total
panormitana.In
addition,
gene
inferred
decrease
taxa,
reinforcing
reuteriana
loss
admixture
among
populations.Our
findings
stress
need
reassessment
status
IUCN
Red
List
criteria
implementation
measures.
Despite
centuries
of
intense
work,
the
basic
taxonomic
knowledge
flora
Iberian
peninsula
is
still
incomplete,
especially
for
highly
diverse
and/or
difficult
genera
such
as
Carex
.
In
this
study,
we
conducted
an
integrative
systematic
study
based
on
molecular,
morphological
and
cytogenetic
data
to
elucidate
status
several
problematic
populations
from
La
Mancha
region
(S
Spain)
belonging
sect.
Phacocystis
These
have
been
traditionally
considered
uncertain
adscription,
but
close
C.
reuteriana.
A
detailed
was
performed
with
16
sampled
(Sierra
Madrona,
Montes
de
Toledo)
in
order
compare
them
other
species.
addition,
a
phylogenetic
analysis
using
two
nuclear
(ITS,
ETS)
plastid
(
rpl
32‐
trn
L
UAG
,
ycf
6‐
psb
M)
DNA
regions,
including
representatives
whole
We
found
significant
degree
molecular
differentiation
that
supports
recognition
these
new
endemic
species,
quixotiana.
Our
results
reveal
that,
unexpectedly,
quixotiana
more
closely
related
nigra
than
reuteriana
basis
relationships
chromosome
number.
However,
overall
appearance
ecological
preferences
were
misleadingly
suggesting
affinities
contrasting
patterns
reflect
complexity
remark
need
approaches
disentangle
fiendish
evolutionary
scenarios.