Editorial: Understanding molecular mechanisms to facilitate the development of biomarkers for therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal diseases and sepsis

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders include a range of pathological conditions with varying severities and outcomes that impact the integrity function GI tract. These indigestion, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) ulcerative colitis (UC) Crohn's disease (CD), malignant tumors. The resulting dysfunction intestinal barrier, leading to impaired permeability, allows for translocation luminal contents, including intact microbes microbial products. This situation can cause severe sepsis potentially fatal if timely intervention is not provided. Advancements in omics technology have facilitated identification evaluation molecular biomarkers diagnosis. encompass genomic (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms), transcriptomic (including non-coding RNAs), epigenetic DNA methylation), proteomic, metabolomic, microbiome (Dalal et al., 2020;Sahoo 2022bSahoo , 2024a) ) (Figure 1). hold significant clinical potential improving diagnosis, prognosis, treatment strategies patients sepsis. For diagnosing sepsis, addition lactate as widely utilized biomarker, other surrogate markers, such C-reactive protein (CRP) procalcitonin, which are produced response infection inflammation, may assist identifying at risk developing before organ occurs (Faix, 2013). As oxidative stress (OS) plays key role progression septic shock multiple failure (Sahoo 2024b;Wong 2025), OS markers associated specifically, superoxide dismutase, soluble endoglin, asymmetric dimethylarginine, neopterin, merit further investigation (Helan 2022). Several emerging microRNA-486-5p, circular RNAs (circRNAs), HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA (a lncRNA located on chromosome 7q15.2), C vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein), prokineticin 2, triiodothyronine also enhancing early detection prognostic assessment high sensitivity specificity (He 2024).Mendelian randomization (MR) examines causal effects modifiable exposures, factors, health by utilizing genetic variants linked those specific exposures (Richmond, MR analysis Zhang al. showed CMPF (3-carboxy-4-methyl-5propyl-2-furanpropanoate) has an association 28-day all-cause mortality cases metabolic pathway alpha-linolenic acid linoleic was identified crucial factor development study Ye demonstrated levels suppression tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) blood diagnostic implications Moreover, sST2 comparable predictive capability SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) APACHE II (Acute Physiology Chronic Health Evaluation II) scores had greater than lactic assessing prognosis Jin used single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) several PIM1 (proviral integration site Moloney murine leukemia virus kinase 1), HIST1H1C (Histone Cluster 1 H1 Family Member C), IGSF6 (Immunoglobulin Superfamily 6). involvement modulating immune-inflammatory during verified through experimental validation, indicating promising novel therapeutic target.The endoscopic suspected IBD collection mucosal biopsies histopathological confirmation continues be gold standard establishing efficacy, post-operative recurrence; however, it costs invasiveness. Biomarkers enable non-invasive evaluation, fecal calprotectin being most frequently current practice. T>C substitution SNPs affect functionality DLG5 (discs large homolog 5) protein, along lack CARD15/NOD2 (caspase recruitment domain family number 15/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) CD pathogenesis, could serve (Dudzińska 2018). (microbial markers) been reported. example, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii its phylogroups elevated Escherichia coli counts Akkermansia muciniphila pediatric Additionally, reductions Firmicutes (Clostridiales) correlate severity, while increased abundance Lactobacilllaceae Enterococcaceae families, well genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Eggerthella, noted UC (Wang 2024). In dogs CIE, there notable dysbiotic profile both bacteria, marked reduction Clostridium Bacteroides increase Enterobacteriaceae 2022a).The regulation gene expression mediated microRNA (miRNA) essential appropriate functioning intestine (Shanahan 2021). Numerous studies effectively unique miRNA profiles indicate upregulation or downregulation one more miRNAs biopsy samples from (James, 2020) affected chronic enteropathy (CIE) 2024a). colonic mucosa active shown overexpress miRNAs, miR-21, miR-150, miR-155, like miR-143 miR-145 when compared healthy controls (Alghoul Comparing controls, miR-196 miR-7 differential saliva, blood, colon tissue analyzed (Schaefer 2015). research highlighted (specifically, miR-31, miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p) exhibiting changes across all three sample types comparing non-IBD Recent methylation genes contributes pathogenesis IBD, implying their utility (Cooke 2012;Nimmo 2012). A comprehensive patterns genome, performed rectal biopsies, revealed signatures, Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANCC), thyroid hormone receptor-associated (THRAP2), globoside alpha-1,3-Nacetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GBGT1), tumor necrosis ligand superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), 12 (TNFSF12), docking (DOK2), fucosyltransferase 7 (FUT7). exhibited differences specimens individuals Response infliximab resulted decreases macrophage-derived cluster differentiation 14 (CD14) CD86 levels, chemokine CCL2 (Magnusson 2015), highlighting monitor treatment.The Song employing suggests interleukin-13 (IL-13) pathophysiology (CD UC). Whereas macrophage migration inhibitory appears specifically related CD, stem cell likely play Another Qian gastric cancer exhibit decreased tryptophan, nonadecanoate (19:0), erythritol. Zhu employed GPBAR1 (G protein-coupled bile receptor IL1RL1 (Interleukin receptor-like PRKCB (Protein Kinase Beta), PNMT (Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase) IBD. protective effect against GPX1 (Glutathione peroxidase GPBAR1, implicated UC. scRNA-seq Keever-Keigher common were observed disorders, extensive MTRNR2L8 (MT-RNR2 Like 8) various types. XIST (X Inactive Specific Transcript) different Th2 (T helper 2)-associated eosinophilic noteworthy.Colorectal (CRC) neoplasia. To facilitate CRC, minimally invasive reproducible technique known liquid (LB) established. method isolates cancer-derived components patients' peripheral and/or body fluids, circulating cells (CTC), miRNA, long (lncRNAs), (ctDNA) (Zhang 2023). Heat-shock 27 (Hsp27) expressed explicitly well-differentiated CRC biomarkers, epidermal growth (EGFR), B (AKT), human (ERBB2) (Gan 2014). Glutathione S-transferase pi1 (GSTP1) KTR8 overexpressed poorly differentiated CRCs. contrast, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), tubulin beta chain (TUBB), fatty acid-binding (FABP1) upregulated exclusively welldifferentiated Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-A) Circular (circRNAs) hsa_circ_001978, hsa_circ_103627, hsa_circ_105039, circ_0124554 indicators diagnosis CRC. Levels serum miR-29a, miR-125b differentiate colorectal neoplasia ones (Yamada Serum miR-92a, miR-182S, miR-223, miR-17-5p, miR-18a-5p, miR-18b-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-127-3p, miR-151a-5p, miR-181a-5p screening CircRNAs synergize proteins RNAs, circ_0000523 methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), enhance accuracy 2022).Carcinoembryonic (CEA) carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9) currently primary conducted Dai indicates overall survival rate disease-free progressively decline increasing positive after surgical intervention. Nomograms pre-and postoperative CEA CA19-9 demonstrate predicting recurrence stage I-III following radical surgery, significantly outperforming American Joint Committee Cancer (AJCC) 8th Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage. Rad highlights machine learning algorithms recurrence, examining least serial measurements necessary accurate prediction recurrence. Pan involved retrospective data 36,708 who underwent gastroscopy colonoscopy between 2005 2022. Conventional adenomas (CAs), serrated polyps (SPs), non-adenomatous (NAPs), Helicobacter pylori older age. presence moderate metaplasia NAP CAs. found low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas high-grade correlation advanced pathology CRC.In individual without signs, biomarker panels resource identify recognize precancerous conditions. symptomatic patients, these help cancerous benign states. Furthermore, undergoing procedures, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, valuable tools evaluating success elimination (complete resection remission) Identifying validating optimal step, offers considerable personalized medicine outcomes. However, into they

Язык: Английский

Cerebellar Pathology in Forensic and Clinical Neuroscience

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102697 - 102697

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский