A synthesis of local adaptation to climate through reciprocal common gardens

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 110(5), С. 1015 - 1021

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2021

Abstract Contrasts of differences within plant species and ecotypes are often best examined in ecology, evolution genetics through provenance biogeographical comparisons. Climate adaptation studies plants no exception benefit from experiments that use these sets factors. Reciprocal common gardens a tool used to test for local different contexts including climate. A synthesis intraspecific tests climate was compile over 200 explored the relative efficacy this ecology change. Exclusion criteria were applied review literature specific explicitly climate, reciprocity total 70 independent instances. meta‐analysis consistency significance detecting categories traits tested by transplanting seeds or seedlings. This provides clear evidence change because all significant effect size estimates positive, relatively large, both seed seedling transplants demonstrated consistent adaptation. Emergence germination responses transplant growth biomass provided particularly strong support. Synthesis . highly effective experimental design ecotypic differentiation Nonetheless, we propose future clearly define whether being garden enable syntheses discovery, highlight need reciprocal climatic continued capacity response divergent selection processes many species.

Язык: Английский

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Controlled temperature contrasts of three native and one highly invasive annual plant species in California

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13, С. e18794 - e18794

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Plant responses to changes in temperature can be a key factor predicting the presence and managing invasive plant species while conserving resident native dryland ecosystems. Climate influence germination, establishment, seedling biomass of both species. We tested hypothesis that common widely distributed an ecosystems California respond differently increasing temperatures. To test this, we examined effects variation on per capita three one ( Bromus rubens ) independent 6 week growth trial experiments controlled greenhouse. Higher relative temperatures reduced germination establishment two species, however, was not significantly affected. Specifically, B. Phacelia tanacetifolia reduced. This often outcompete natives, but could potentially shift balance between natives. A warming climate will likely have negative impacts annual here because co-occur with drought. study shows our some resilience relatively significant increases temperature, this favor at least highly noxious

Язык: Английский

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Patronus charm: a comparison of benefactor plants and climate mediation effects on diversity

Oikos, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(8)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Deserts are subject to significant anthropogenic pressure. The capacity buffer against changes in the local environment and biodiversity critical for ecosystem functioning. Foundation species can be a solution rapidly assess ecological function provide simple nature‐based protect continuing losses. A foundation is defined as that exerts promotes positive set of processes biotic network. Two different shrub central drylands California were used assay potential plant richness examine species‐specificity facilitation. five‐year dataset two distinct regions differing aridity was test hypothesis direct effects plants facilitate other diversity losses changing climate. predicted both on increased with increasing temperatures sampled. Finally, projected temperature increases region trained Bayesian models demonstrated profoundly increase their richness. Colloquially, this effect described patronus charm because regardless form protector, provided talisman loss driven by increases.

Язык: Английский

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The importance of native shrubs on the distribution and diversity of reptiles and amphibians in the central drylands of Southwestern USA.

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(6-7), С. 2131 - 2151

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Foundation plant species provide resilience and microclimatic heterogeneity in drylands

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

Abstract Climate change profoundly influences plants and animals in all ecosystems including drylands such as semi-arid arid scrublands grasslands. At the peak of an extended megadrought Southwestern USA, microclimatic refuges provided by foundation plant species through associated vegetation were examined. Shrubs open interstitial spaces without a canopy but with annual instrumented 2016 wet season 2017 central California. In both years seasons tested, significantly mediated fine-scale near-surface air temperature relative soil moisture content—defined here microclimate. The other most significant thermal refuge potential capacity for animals, there was variation growing season. Soil content frequently increased direct effects shrubs. This evidence suggests that climate many experience, even during megadrought, is local highly impacted anthropogenic disturbance water-induced challenges. Foundation shrubs function potent starting point examining ecological relevance at scales germane to locally. An framework resilience using will improve conservation restoration planning drylands.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of local perennial plants on the occurrence and traits of the Brachypodium distachyon complex along an aridity gradient

Plant Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The shrub Ephedra californica facilitates arthropod communities along a regional desert climatic gradient

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

Abstract Arthropods underpin arid community dynamics and provide many key ecosystem services. In ecosystems, the habitat components that influence arthropod structure are relatively understudied. Ephedra californica is a locally abundant shrub now restricted to highly fragmented populations with established positive effects on plant vertebrate animal communities within drylands of Southern California. The capacity for these further support ground has not been examined. We tested hypothesis physical cover vegetation enhance measures assembly at nine Californian desert sites comprise an extensive regional aridity gradient. contrasted canopies ground‐covering structuring ground‐active by surveying arthropods pitfall traps collecting soil surface in form residual dry matter (RDM). collected total 5820 individual specimens 159 morphospecies. Arthropod abundance morphospecies richness RDM biomass were significantly greater beneath canopy E. throughout region. Total did communities, but negatively influenced abundance. Neither climatic nor downscaled evaporative stress estimates significant mediators arthropod‐vegetation association patterns. Vegetation thus likely direct indirect communities. These vs. differences will refine sampling fine‐scale patterns diversity drylands. Regional land managers can maintaining foundation species such as .

Язык: Английский

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The importance of facilitation on community assembly disappears under severe drought stress

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 36(5), С. 1216 - 1229

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Abstract Despite the recognition of positive interactions as an important driver species coexistence and community structure, underlying mechanism how facilitation affects assembly processes along stress gradients is poorly explored. Understanding responses functional diversity to benefactor at extreme end gradient could provide valuable insight about facilitation‐involved mechanisms contribute predictions under climate change. In drought‐stressed in Badain‐Jaran Desert, local nurse shrub Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. were evaluated using hierarchical Bayesian models. For 3‐year experiment, summer rainfall each year formed a natural drought stress. To evaluate shrub's effects on process that gradient, individual samples collected pairwise under‐shrub open habitats, four traits related tolerance resource acquisition measured simultaneously. Under moderate stress, we observed shifting community‐weighted means, broadening ranges reducing overlaps shrubs. These partly driven by distinct microenvironment created plants, particular improvement heterogeneity soil moisture conditions. However, this influence trait distributions was strongly dependent environmental context, generally disappeared shifted towards its driest end, almost line with decreased interaction assessed plant density diversity. This study focused water‐limited lies confirmed can drive through both filtering niche differentiation. More importantly, these are proven become less efficient which may suggest occasionally disappearing role plants increasing risk biodiversity loss context Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Increasing global aridity destabilizes shrub facilitation of exotic but not native plant species

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 40, С. e02345 - e02345

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2022

Earth's dryland (hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid) ecosystems face increasing aridity invasion by exotic plant species. In concert, these global changes threaten the biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, economic viability of drylands worldwide, with critical implications for environmental quality human wellbeing. Positive interactions (facilitation) from shrubs can buffer native communities against aridity, but this could backfire if species are facilitated more than natives. Thus, understanding how respond to shrub facilitation along gradients is essential predicting ecological consequences concomitant aridification in changing drylands. Here, we performed meta-analyses using 152 independent studies compare positive effects on vs. across that vary aridity. Globally, facilitate abundance, diversity, reproduction, survival do not consistently any measure performance. As increases, change, become negative. globally, measures performance performance, as remains stable transitions towards resistance At scale, may pose a greater threat species, inasmuch their remain intact.

Язык: Английский

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Vital rates in early life history underlie shifts in biotic interactions along bioclimatic gradients: An experimental test of the Stress Gradient Hypothesis

Journal of Vegetation Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(2)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Abstract Question The Stress Gradient Hypothesis (SGH) predicts that competition and facilitation shift along stress gradients. We ask if the underlying mechanisms operate at specific points in plant life history, patterns are consistent different Location Boreal, sub‐alpine alpine grasslands southern Norway. Methods test SGH through ontogeny gradients by monitoring seedlings intact vegetation vs bare‐ground gaps across a climatic grid of temperature precipitation follow one seedling cohort over two years quantify four vital rates; emergence, survival, establishment success, growth rate, to determine biotic interaction effects (intact removed vegetation) on each these stages accordance with SGH. Results find competitive early ontogeny, reflected increased probability emergence gaps. magnitude increases precipitation, line Growth rate was higher gaps, indicating facilitation, SGH, decreased towards warmer climates. net outcome processes occurring history community, where richness emerging surviving species is than vegetation, increasing effect toward but not wetter sites. Conclusion Our results support for earliest life, predicting shifts from neutral or facilitative interactions colder rates vary dominating whereas more evident growth. gradient indicate both dry wet end. highlight importance studies disentangle

Язык: Английский

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