Seminal fluid and accessory male investment in sperm competition

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1813), С. 20200068 - 20200068

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2020

Sperm production and allocation strategies have been a central concern of sperm competition research for the past 50 years. But during ‘sexual cascade’ there may be strong selection alternative routes to maximizing male fitness. Especially with evolution internal fertilization, common by now well-studied example is accessory ejaculate investment represented seminal fluid, complex mixture proteins, peptides other components transferred females together sperm. How fluid should covary probably depends on mechanism action. If boost paternity success directly enhancing function or use, we might often expect positive correlation between two forms investment, whereas trade-offs seem more likely if acts independently This largely borne out broad taxonomic survey establish prevailing patterns animal evolution, in light which I discuss gaps that remain our understanding this key component its relationship before outlining promising approaches examining fluid-mediated competitiveness post-genomic era. article part theme issue ‘Fifty years competition’.

Язык: Английский

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The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano

EvoDevo, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2020

Abstract Macrostomum lignano is a free-living flatworm that emerging as an attractive experimental animal for research on broad range of biological questions. One feature setting it apart from other flatworms the successful establishment transgenesis methods, facilitated by steady supply eggs in form single-cell zygotes can be readily manipulated. This, combination with transparency and its small size, creates practical advantages imaging fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies related to stem biology regeneration. M. regenerate most body parts, including germline, thanks neoblasts, which represent system. Interestingly, neoblasts seem have high capacity cellular maintenance, survive up 210 Gy γ-irradiation, partially offset negative consequence ageing. As non-self-fertilizing simultaneous hermaphrodite reproduces sexual manner, also used study selection evolutionary aspects reproduction. Work over past several years has led development molecular resources tools, high-quality genome transcriptome assemblies, transcriptional profiling germline somatic gene knockdown, situ hybridization. The increasingly detailed characterization this resulted novel questions, such bio-adhesion based adhesion-release glands evolution due recent whole-genome duplication.

Язык: Английский

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Optimized protocols for RNA interference in Macrostomum lignano

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Abstract Macrostomum lignano, a marine free-living flatworm, has emerged as potent invertebrate model in developmental biology for studying stem cells, germline, and regeneration processes. In recent years, many tools have been developed to manipulate this worm facilitate genetic modification. RNA interference is currently the most accessible direct technique investigate gene functions. It obtained by soaking worms artificial seawater containing dsRNA targeting of interest. Although easy perform, original protocol calls daily exchange solutions, usually until phenotypes are observed, which both time- cost-consuming. work, we evaluated alternative delivery techniques, such electroporation osmotic shock, experiments with improved time cost efficiency. During our investigation optimize RNAi, demonstrated that, absence diatoms, regular single directly produced bacteria or synthesized vitro is, cases, sufficient induce knockdown several days step. Therefore, new highly simplified method allows very significant reduction consumption lab work. addition, it enables performing on larger number at minimal cost.

Язык: Английский

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Sperm competition-induced plasticity in the speed of spermatogenesis

BMC Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 8, 2016

Background: Sperm competition between rival ejaculates over the fertilization of ova typically selects for production large numbers sperm.An obvious way to increase sperm is testis size, and most empirical work has focussed on this parameter.Adaptive plasticity in rate could also arise due variation speed with which each spermatozoon produced, but whether animals can respond relevant environmental conditions by modulating kinetics spermatogenesis not been experimentally investigated.Results: Here we demonstrate that simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano exhibits substantial spermatogenesis, depending social context: worms raised under higher levels produce faster.Conclusions: Our findings overturn prevailing view a static property genotype, profound impact exert upon key developmental process.We thus identify, our knowledge, novel mechanism through maximised competition.

Язык: Английский

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The hidden ageing costs of sperm competition

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 23(11), С. 1573 - 1588

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2020

Abstract Ageing and sexual selection are intimately linked. There is by now compelling evidence from studies performed across diverse organisms that males allocating resources to mating competition incur substantial physiological costs, ultimately increasing ageing. However, although insightful, we argue here date these cover only part of the relationship linking Crucially, allocation traits important in post‐copulatory selection, sperm competition, has been largely ignored. As demonstrate, such could potentially explain much diversity male female ageing patterns observed both within among species. We first review how as seminal fluid production depends on quality available can be associated with a wide range deleterious effects affecting somatic tissues germline, thus modulate survival reproductive terms. further hypothesise common biological features plasticity, prudent seasonality ejaculate might have evolved counter‐adaptations limit costs competition. Finally, discuss implications emerging for current research evolutionary ecology

Язык: Английский

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Genetic and environmental variation in transcriptional expression of seminal fluid proteins

Heredity, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 122(5), С. 595 - 611

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2018

Язык: Английский

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A phylogenetically informed search for an alternative Macrostomum model species, with notes on taxonomy, mating behavior, karyology, and genome size

Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 58(1), С. 41 - 65

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2019

The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano is used as a model in range of research fields—including aging, bioadhesion, stem cells, and sexual selection—culminating the establishment genome assemblies transgenics. However, community has run into roadblock following discovery an unusual organization M. lignano, which could now impair development additional resources tools. Briefly, undergone whole-genome duplication, followed by rediploidization 2n = 8 karyotype (distinct from canonical 6 genus). Although this appears visually diploid, it fact hidden tetraploid (with rarer 9 10 individuals being pentaploid hexaploid, respectively). Here, we report on phylogenetically informed search for close relatives aimed at uncovering alternative models with simple organization. We taxonomically describe three new species: first, janickei n. sp., closest known relative shares its derived organization; second, mirumnovem even more organization, highly variable based base pattern; third, cliftonensis does not only show karyotype, but also performs well under standard laboratory culture conditions fulfills many other requirements. viable candidate replacing primary model, outcrossing having estimated haploid size 231 Mbp.

Язык: Английский

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Seminal Fluid-Mediated Manipulation of Post-mating Behavior in a Simultaneous Hermaphrodite

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 30(1), С. 143 - 149.e4

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Strategic adjustment of ejaculate quality in response to variation of the socio-sexual environment

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 75(6)

Опубликована: Май 14, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Successful mating and hybridisation in two closely related flatworm species despite significant differences in reproductive morphology and behaviour

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2020

Abstract Reproductive traits are some of the fastest diverging characters and can serve as reproductive barriers. The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano , its congener M. janickei closely related, but differ substantially in their male intromittent organ (stylet) morphology. Here, we examine whether these morphological differences accompanied by behavioural traits, could represent barriers to successful mating hybridization between two species. Our data shows that species many aspects behaviour. Despite differences, mate readily with each other heterospecific pairings. Although both have similar fecundity conspecific pairings, pairings revealed clear postmating barriers, few produced F1 hybrids. These hybrids had a stylet morphology was intermediate parental species, they were fertile. Finally, using choice experiment, show nearly two-fold higher rate caused it more conspecifics, leading assortative mating, while ended up heterospecifics. Thus, hybridize, possibly lead fitness costs for compared .

Язык: Английский

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