Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 233 - 259

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2023

Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so that even closely related species often differ in systems. Teleost fish a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining and thus provides us great opportunities to investigate the molecular evolutionary underlying turnover Here, we compile recent studies on diversity fish. We demonstrate genes TGF-β signaling pathway frequently used for master (MSD) genes. MSD arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition allelic mutations, few exceptions. also temperature influences sex determination many species, those chromosomes, higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males most cases. Finally, review theoretical models discuss what questions remain elusive.

Язык: Английский

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A chromosome‐level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex‐determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis

Molecular Ecology Resources, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(4), С. 886 - 904

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled Solea senegalensis genome, flatfish great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% assembly. Further, established correspondence between assembly chromosomes BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing six males females enabled identification 41 single nucleotide polymorphism variants in follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX/XY system. The observed sex association was validated broader independent sample, providing novel molecular sexing tool. fshr gene displayed differential expression male female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when gonad still undifferentiated primordium, concomitant activation amh cyp19a1a, testis ovary marker genes, respectively, females. Y-linked allele, included 24 nonsynonymous showed divergent 3D protein structure, overexpressed compared X-linked allele at all stages gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize mechanism hampering action driving toward testis.

Язык: Английский

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Master-Key Regulators of Sex Determination in Fish and Other Vertebrates—A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(3), С. 2468 - 2468

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

In vertebrates, mainly single genes with an allele ratio of 1:1 trigger sex-determination (SD), leading to initial equal sex-ratios. Such are designated master-key regulators (MKRs) and frequently associated DNA structural variations, such as copy-number variation null-alleles. Most MKR knowledge comes from fish, especially cichlids, which serve a genetic model for SD. We list 14 MKRs, dmrt1 has been identified in taxonomically distant species birds fish. The identification MKRs known involvement SD, amh fshr, indicates that common network drives illustrate affects estrogen/androgen equilibrium, suggesting may exert over-expression the gene thus form MKR. However, reason why certain factors constitute whereas others do not is unclear. limited number conserved suggests their heterologous sequences could be used targets future searches additional species. Sex-specific mortality, sex reversal, role temperature multigenic SD examined, claiming these phenomena often consequences artificial hybridization. discuss essentiality taxonomic authentication validate purebred origin before searches.

Язык: Английский

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Why and how do Y chromosome stop recombining?

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(3), С. 632 - 636

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2023

Sex chromosomes either carry a factor like the male-determining factors of mammals (Berta et al., 1990) or plant Silene latifolia (Westergaard, 1958), function in balanced sex-determining systems, as Drosophila (Bridges, 1925) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Meyer, 2022). The sex chromosome pairs these several other species include physically extensive fully Y-linked, male-specific, regions ('MSY') that have undergone 'genetic degeneration' lost most genes are carried on X (X-linked then hemizygous males). Similar losses recombination, similar degeneration, occurred evolution with female heterogamety, including birds Lepidoptera, respectively, reviewed by Wang al. (2014) Fraisse (2017). lack recombination is probably not direct consequence carrying genes, having an essential role determination, since unrelated fish small located within recombining (Koyama 2019; Kuhl 2021; Nacif 2022; Reichwald 2015), completely sex-linked some plants smaller than 1 Mb (Akagi 2014; Harkess 2020). These situations can be explained ways, for example they could reflect recent separate sexes, appearance genome region so-called turnover event (Vicoso, 2019). Species whose pair has changes which formerly stopped previously established therefore important, because tell us became suppressed after their locus evolved. first case to discovered was Eutherian mammals. earliest enlargement MSY involved fusion Y chromosome, autosome Marsupials (Waters 2001). This around 115 million years ago (Cortez 2014). Further enlargements caused subsequent suppression events produced 'evolutionary strata' wide differences sequence divergence between Y-X different (Figure 1). Based genetic map estimated females (which represents ancestral order added chromosome), recently near still recombines, pseudo-autosomal region, 'PAR' (Lahn & Page, 1999; Skaletsky 2003). In two evolved strata humans, median synonymous site values 14% 26%, almost high rest (Sayres Makova, 2013). Very varied divergence, perhaps reflecting strata, also seen latifolia, carnation family (Bergero 2007; Papadopulos 2015). threespine stickleback, without fusions any autosomes, shows clear Figure 1b (Peichel 2020), been inferred ZW Neognathous (Wang A may always such (Charlesworth, However, cases when (shrinking PAR changing its boundary region) demand explanation. Several hypotheses proposed. One idea sexually antagonistic polymorphisms become (e.g. male-benefit allele would reduce fitness more likely spread if closely linked one same effects autosomal). Should mutation establish polymorphism, this generates selection closer linkage (Rice, 1987). difficult test because, non-recombining stratum evolved, will present only Y-linked making analysis impossible. Although mutations might detectable from expression sexes at (perhaps higher males), degeneration expected eventually old evolutionary strata. Another approach population genomic evidence show associations alleles (Dagilis Qiu signal found partially it does whether future lead recombination. search alternatives explain ask ruled out. As described below, new ideas Testing predictions 2 below) requires studies newly evolving genomes, becoming possible, using combination sequencing mapping. study S. dioica (closely related hybridize nature homologous XY chromosomes), published Journal Evolutionary Biology (Filatov, 2022), examines stratum. Y- X-linked nevertheless ascertained identifying male-specific variants gene sequences, samples males natural populations. allowed analyses mentioned above showed parts establishment factor. Clear step those seen, numbers unknown, species' genomes large human yet assembled. mapping suggest extremely rate PAR, thus differ mammalian PARs, crossover concentrated very (Rouyer 1986). Some but dioica, suggesting (and dioica; Campos 2016). end studied them detail. 22 were both (they had populations), 20 classified species, 15 appear forming young (much younger youngest ones humans above) suitable testing about suppression. (MSY) gradually expand hinders pairing sequences meiosis (Jeffries 2021). MSY-X should increase distance into 2). slight trend stratum, outgroup vulgaris increases so responsible (HKA tests, correct effect, detected elevated diversity suggests regions). Interestingly, sharply latifolia-specific shared change possibly discontinuous 1b. time makes seem unlikely loss expansion across includes least (probably 500 kb, density 34 genes/Mb). stickleback slightly (Ks), 3% 4%, Again Ks older predicted. true papaya, 2012), consistent chromosomal inversion models propose expansions involving chance inversions prevent set MSY. advantage outweigh fertility disadvantages heterozygotes, production gametes duplications deficiencies crossovers occur paired inversions. version (Jay Olito 2022) proposes prevents deleterious homozygous males. effect strongest highly recessive effects. Accumulation arises fixing population, must rapidly replace (initially arrangement). process works best populations, account observations time-course formation. involved, data distinguish previous one—both predict current boundary. Only few examples coinciding boundaries far discovered. inversions, others done (Lemaitre 2009). cases, (10 IV seven V), formation require genes. (involving 16 genes) papaya 2012). Clearly, detailed helpful. rearrangements, accumulate stops (Charlesworth 1994), third model decrease expression, dosage compensation simultaneously alleles' even before major deterioration coding reverting standard arrangement (Lenormand Roze, Female-biased indeed observed assumed decreased alleles, while increased enough restore predicts bias quickly sex-linkage evolves. Because evolves part process, strongly female-biased many older) sexes. appears opposite way increasing reach level (in double males, significant difference which, expected, little bias). (reviewed Bachtrog, 2008). Genes compensated seems incomplete It interesting already begun studied, well ones, percent. Under polymorphism hypothesis outlined above, expect gene(s) often pattern predicted just described), Overall, model, do fit observations. Filatov's larger supports (using HKA differences), variants. Whether conclusions confirmed once assembly becomes available, valuable how integrated increasingly accessible kinds allow empirical tests this, potentially For instance, compared somatic tissues, over-represented among biased 155 47 one, did relationship genes' positions (Kitano peer review history article available https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/jeb.14137. commentary there no data.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of the male-specific region containing the candidate sex-determining gene in Amur catfish (Silurus asotus) using third-generation- and pool-sequencing data

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 248, С. 125908 - 125908

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The potential regulatory role of the non-coding RNAs in regulating the exogenous estrogen-induced feminization in Takifugu rubripes gonad

Aquatic Toxicology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 273, С. 107022 - 107022

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The origin, evolution, and translocation of sex chromosomes in Silurus catfish mediated by transposons

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Sex chromosome (SC) evolution is a longstanding topic of focus in evolutionary biology. Teleosts often exhibit rapid turnover SCs and sex-determining (SD) genes, alongside diverse range SC differentiation mechanisms. On the basis new chromosome-scale assemblies three Silurus species (S. microdorsalis, S. glanis, lanzhouensis) two outgroup (Pterocryptis cochinchinensis Kryptopterus bicirrhis), along with our previous meridionalis asotus, we traced genus (Siluriformes), following fate known SD gene amhr2y. Phylogenetic analysis showed that amhr2y occurred at least before divergence Pterocryptis, Kryptopterus, lost P. K. bicirrhis. Chr24 has become ancestor five due to duplication-and-translocation amhr2 mediated by LTR transposon. Then, proto Y was formed maintained shared 60 kb male-specific region (MSY) transposable elements (TEs) expansion gathering. Due continuous TEs accumulation, genes other than MSYs have degenerated or been lost, while non-recombinant regions continue expend, forming different sizes (from 320 550 kb). Two events, one homologous left arm right Chr24) nonhomologous Chr5), occurring among were possibly hAT Helitron transposons. Our results on dynamic trajectory amhr2y, MSYs, catfish indicated variability diversity fish confirmed frequent an important way maintain homology low SCs.

Язык: Английский

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The Cause–Effect Model of Master Sex Determination Gene Acquisition and the Evolution of Sex Chromosomes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(7), С. 3282 - 3282

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

The canonical model of vertebrate sex chromosome evolution predicts a one-way trend toward degradation. However, most chromosomes in lower vertebrates are homomorphic. Recent progress studies determination has resulted the discovery more than 30 master (MSD) genes, which from teleost fish. An analysis MSD gene acquisition, recombination suppression, and chromosome-specific sequences revealed correlations modes acquisition chromosomes. Sex remain homomorphic with genes acquired by simple mutations, duplications, allelic variations, or neofunctionalization; contrast, they become heteromorphic chromosomal inversion, fusion, fission. There is no suppression carrying gained through mutations. In there extensive inversion. limited transposition translocation. We propose cause-effect that as consequence explains various vertebrates. A key factor determining whether non-homologous regions created during genes. Chromosome inversion creates inversely homologous but directly sequences, lead to retain potential. Over time, recurrent inverted leads formation strata may cause degradation Depending on nature deletions regions, evolve dosage compensation, selective retention haplo-insufficient be used an alternative strategy.

Язык: Английский

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β): A master signal pathway in teleost sex determination

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 355, С. 114561 - 114561

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Turnover of sex chromosomes in the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Tropheini (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Sex chromosome replacement is frequent in many vertebrate clades, including fish, frogs, and lizards. In order to understand the mechanisms responsible for sex turnover early stages of divergence, it necessary study lineages with recently evolved chromosomes. Here we examine evolution a group African cichlid fishes (tribe Tropheini) which began diverge from one another less than 4 MYA. We have evidence previously unknown system, preliminary indications several additional systems not reported this group. find high frequency estimate minimum 14 turnovers tribe. date origin most common determining system tribe (XY-LG5/19) near base two major sub-clades tribe, about 3.4 MY ago. Finally, observe variation size sex-determining region that suggests independent evolutionary strata species shared sex-determination system. Our results illuminate rapid rate Tropheini set stage further studies dynamics

Язык: Английский

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