Impact of intraspecific variation in insect microbiomes on host phenotype and evolution

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(11), С. 1798 - 1807

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023

Abstract Microbes can be an important source of phenotypic plasticity in insects. Insect physiology, behaviour, and ecology are influenced by individual variation the microbial communities held within insect gut, reproductive organs, bacteriome, other tissues. It is becoming increasingly clear how microbiome for fitness, expansion into novel ecological niches, environments. These investigations have garnered heightened interest recently, yet a comprehensive understanding intraspecific assembly function these insect-associated shape insects still lacking. Most research focuses on core associated with species ignores variation. We argue that among driver evolution, we provide examples showing such influence fitness health insects, invasions, their persistence new environments, responses to global environmental changes.

Язык: Английский

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A rapidly spreading deleterious aphid endosymbiont that uses horizontal as well as vertical transmission

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(18)

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

Endosymbiotic bacteria that live inside the cells of insects are typically only transmitted maternally and can spread by increasing host fitness and/or modifying reproduction in sexual hosts. Transinfections Wolbachia endosymbionts now being used to introduce useful phenotypes into populations, but there has been limited progress on applications using other asexual populations. Here, we develop a unique pathway application aphids transferring endosymbiont Rickettsiella viridis major crop pest Myzus persicae. infection greatly reduced aphid fecundity, decreased heat tolerance, modified body color, from light dark green. Despite inducing costs, rapidly through caged populations via plant-mediated horizontal transmission. The phenotypic effects were sensitive temperature, with occurring at 19 °C not 25 °C. Body color modification was also lost high temperatures despite maintaining density. shows potential natural M. persicae transmission subsequent vertical Establishment could reduce damage population age structure, reducing growth providing context-dependent fitness. Our results highlight importance interactions temperature as drivers insect

Язык: Английский

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Endosymbionts as hidden players in tripartite pathosystem of interactions and potential candidates for sustainable viral disease management

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 23

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

The convoluted relationships between plants, viruses, and arthropod vectors housing bacterial endosymbionts are pivotal in the spread of harmful plant viral diseases. Endosymbionts play key roles in: manipulating host responses, influencing insect resistance to pesticides, shaping evolution, bolstering virus acquisition, retention, transmission. This interplay presents an innovative approach for developing sustainable strategies manage Recent progress targeting specific through genetic modifications, biotechnological advancements, RNA interference shows potential curbing disease progression. Additionally, employing synthetic biology techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 engineer disrupt crucial interactions necessary transmission holds promise effective control measures. In this review, these obligate facultative cruxes have been discussed elaborate on their mechanistic involvement regulation and/or inhibition tripartite pathways interactions. Furthermore, we provide in-depth understanding endosymbionts' synergistic antagonistic effects on: biology, immunity, acquisition Finally, point out open questions future research directions concerning deployment genetically engineered symbionts affect plant-virus-vector management. By addressing existing knowledge gaps charting paths, a deeper comprehension role can pave way successful management strategies. exploration antiviral therapies, paratransgenesis, pathogen-blocking tactics using introduces pioneering solutions lessening impact diseases green pest

Язык: Английский

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Defensive Symbiont Genotype Distributions Are Linked to Parasitoid Attack Networks

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Facultative symbionts are widespread in arthropods and can provide important services such as protection from natural enemies. Yet what shapes associations with defensive nature remains unclear. Two hypotheses suggest that interactions either antagonists or host plants explain the prevalence of through shared selective pressures vectors symbiont transmission. Here we investigate factors determining similarities Hamiltonella defensa symbiosis amongst field‐collected aphid species. After accounting for species relatedness, find Hamiltonella's genotype distribution aligns sharing same parasitoids, rather than plants, highlighting parasitoids hosts key agents shaping across Our data indicates parasitoid specificity drives specific aphid‐ associations, suggesting symbioses maintained by pressure imposed dominant their hosts. These findings underscore importance enemies explaining patterns nature.

Язык: Английский

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A diversity of endosymbionts across Australian aphids and their persistence in aphid cultures

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(10), С. 1988 - 2001

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Abstract There is increasing interest in the use of endosymbionts pest control, which will benefit from identification potential donor species for transfer to species. Here, we screened 123 Australian aphid samples across 32 using 16S DNA metabarcoding. We then developed a qPCR method validate metabarcoding data set and monitor endosymbiont persistence cultures. Pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) were frequently coinfected with Rickettsiella Serratia , glasshouse potato Aulacorthum solani Regiella Spiroplasma ; other secondary detected occurred by themselves. Hamiltonella Rickettsia Wolbachia restricted single species, whereas was found multiple stably maintained laboratory cultures, although others lost rapidly. The overall incidence tended be lower than recorded overseas. These results indicate that probably exhibit different levels infectivity vertical transmission efficiency hosts, may contribute natural infection patterns. rapid loss some cultures raises questions about factors maintain them under field conditions, while persisted culture provide candidates interspecific transfers.

Язык: Английский

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Describing endosymbiont–host interactions within the parasitism–mutualism continuum

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Endosymbionts are widespread in arthropods, living host cells with effects that extend from parasitic to mutualistic. Newly acquired endosymbionts tend be parasitic, but vertical transmission favors coevolution toward mutualism, hosts sometimes developing dependency. negatively affecting fitness may still spread by impacting reproductive traits, referred as “manipulation,” although costs for often assumed rather than demonstrated. For cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) involves endosymbiont‐mediated embryo death, theory predicts directional shifts away “manipulation” reduced CI strength; moreover, CI‐causing need increase initially spread. In nature, endosymbiont–host interactions and dynamics complex, depending on environmental conditions evolutionary history. We advocate capturing this complexity through appropriate datasets, relying terms like “manipulation.” Such imprecision can lead the misclassification of along parasitism–mutualism continuum.

Язык: Английский

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An aphid symbiont confers protection against a specialized RNA virus, another increases vulnerability to the same pathogen

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(4), С. 936 - 950

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2022

Abstract Insects often harbour heritable symbionts that provide defence against specialized natural enemies, yet little is known about symbiont protection when hosts face simultaneous threats. In pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ), the facultative endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa confers parasitoid, Aphidius ervi , and Regiella insecticola protects aphid‐specific fungal pathogens, including Pandora neoaphidis . Here, we investigated whether these two common aphid protect a virus A (APV), their antifungal antiparasitoid services are impacted by APV infection. We found imposed large fitness costs on symbiont‐free were elevated in also housing H contrast, titres significantly reduced to infection largely eliminated with R To our knowledge, first shown viral pathogen, only second arthropod reported do so. did not impact protective of either or better understand biology, produced five genomes examined transmission routes. moderate rates vertical transmission, combined horizontal transfer through food plants, major route spread, although lateral parasitoids occurred. Transmission was unaffected symbionts. summary, presence species identity resulted highly divergent outcomes for infected APV, while impacting defensive target other enemies. These findings add diverse phenotypes conferred symbionts, growing body work highlighting extensive variation symbiont‐mediated interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Another tool in the toolbox: Aphid‐specific Wolbachia protect against fungal pathogens

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Abstract Aphids harbor nine common facultative symbionts, most mediating one or more ecological interactions. Wolbachia pipientis , well‐studied in other arthropods, remains poorly characterized aphids. In Pentalonia nigronervosa and P. caladii global pests of banana, was initially hypothesized to function as a co‐obligate nutritional symbiont alongside the traditional obligate Buchnera . However, genomic analyses failed support this role. Our sampling across numerous populations revealed that than 80% aphids carried an M‐supergroup strain ( wPni ). The lack fixation further supports status for while high infection frequencies these entirely asexual strongly suggest confers net fitness benefits. Finding no correlation between presence food plant use, we challenged ‐infected with natural enemies. Bioassays conferred significant protection against specialized fungal pathogen Pandora neoaphidis ) but not generalist pathogens parasitoids. also improved aphid absence enemy challenge. Thus, identified first clear benefits aphid‐associated strains specifically. Aphid‐ systems provide unique opportunities merge key models symbiosis better understand dynamics mechanisms underpinning symbiont‐mediated phenotypes.

Язык: Английский

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Endosymbionts modulate virus effects on aphid-plant interactions

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(12), С. 2441 - 2451

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2023

Abstract Vector-borne pathogens frequently modify traits of their primary hosts and vectors in ways that influence disease transmission. Such effects can themselves be altered by the presence other microbial symbionts, yet we currently have limited understanding these interactions. Here show pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) on interactions between host plants aphid are modulated different endosymbionts. In a series laboratory assays, found strong interactive infection endosymbionts metabolomic profiles, population growth, behavior, transmission during feeding. Furthermore, strongest effects—and those predicted to favor transmission—were most apparent lines harboring particular These findings host-vector strongly influenced symbionts suggest potentially important role for such ecology evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Dispersal stabilizes coupled ecological and evolutionary dynamics in a host-parasitoid system

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 383(6688), С. 1240 - 1244

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

When ecological and evolutionary dynamics occur on comparable timescales, persistence of the ensuing eco-evolutionary requires both stability. This unites key questions in ecology evolution: How do species coexist, what maintains genetic variation a population? In this work, we investigated host-parasitoid system which pea aphid hosts rapidly evolve resistance to

Язык: Английский

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