Obesity and the Importance of Breathing

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

Obesity is a complex and non-communicable disease with pandemic entity. Currently, multiple causes can lead to obesity, it not always easy create direct relationship between physical inactivity, poor quality of nutrients consumed, calculation excess calories. Among the associated comorbidities, obesity creates dysfunctional environment respiratory rhythms at central peripheral levels, functional, morphological, phenotypic alteration diaphragm muscle. This pathological adaptation breathing one most important dysregulation autonomic system, which will negatively affect progression comorbidities chronic non-physiological adaptations in obese persons. Introducing activity program involving training could be very valid strategy restore systemic response, delaying or avoiding onset pathologies fat. brief narrative review focuses on importance subjects.

Язык: Английский

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Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a pain modulator in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Abstract Background Our understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) has evolved from a degenerative disease to one in which low-grade, chronic inflammation plays central role. In addition, evidence suggests that OA is accompanied by both peripheral and nervous system sensitization can cause pain. It been demonstrated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) relieve pain, inflammation, other conditions including fibromyalgia, pelvic headaches. We aimed assess the efficacy safety tVNS on nociceptive sensitization, physical function knee OA. Methods this 12-week study, we stimulated auricular branch with an electrode connected electrical device once day for 3 days each week 12 weeks. A total 68 patients were randomly assigned active sham groups (34 group). used variety outcome measures, visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), injury score (KOOS), PainDETECT (PD-Q) Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaires. Outcome measures recorded at baseline, At end period, then after Results group, compared there was significant improvement VAS scores between first second follow-up visits ( P < 0.001). PPT seen right knee, left elbow tVNS, persisted four weeks post-intervention. Meanwhile, improved but not maintained. There statistically improvements PD-Q DN4 group 0.001), whereas questionnaire did show any improvement. terms functional outcomes, KOOS only (31.44 ± 18.49, No serious adverse events observed. Conclusion preliminary support benefits OA, suggesting neuromodulation be as adjunct existing pharmacological non-pharmacological treatments. Trial registration The study registered ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05387135) 24/05/2022.

Язык: Английский

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Non‐Invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Decreases Heart Rate Variability Independent of Caloric Load

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The vagus nerve is crucial in regulating physiological functions, including the cardiovascular system. While heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) may provide non‐invasive proxies of cardiac vagal activity, transcutaneous auricular stimulation (taVNS) has yielded mixed effects, with limited research on right branch stimulation. In a randomized crossover study 36 healthy participants, we investigated taVNS effects HR HRV indexed by SDRR, RMSSD, HF‐HRV, LF/HF ratio. To assess impact side (left vs. ear) indices interaction state, recorded electrocardiograms four sessions per person, covering three session phases: baseline, during (taVNS sham), post‐milkshake consumption First, found moderate evidence against affecting (BF 10 = 0.21). Second, decreased (multivariate p 0.004) independent strong for RMSSD 15.11) HF‐HRV 11.80). Third, taVNS‐induced changes were comparable across sides stronger than sham, indicating consistent side. We conclude that reduces as SDRR without altering HR, contradicting assumption se increases cardiovagal activity increased due to stimulating afferents. Instead, our results support role afferent activation arousal. Crucially, both can safely modulate system increasing risk bradycardia or causing adverse events offering new treatment possibilities.

Язык: Английский

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Two decades of vagus nerve stimulation for stroke: a bibliometric analysis

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025

Background Stroke is a major global health concern, imposing significant medical and social burdens. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), an emerging neuromodulation technology, has shown potential in the treatment of stroke. This bibliometric analysis aims to explore knowledge structure research trends field VNS for stroke from 2004 2024. Methods Publications were retrieved Web Science Core Collection. CiteSpace VOSviewer used conduct analyses, including author productivity, institutional contributions, themes etc. Results A total 191 eligible publications analysed. Kilgard, M. P., Hays, S. A. most prolific authors, each contributing 26 publications. The USA (96 publications), China (69 Scotland (17 publications) countries. University Texas at Dallas (33 was institution, followed by Chongqing Medical (19 Glasgow (15 publications). Future expected focus on: (1) neurophysiological mechanisms recovery; (2) synergistic effects with other rehabilitation therapies; (3) comparative efficacy non-invasive transauricular versus invasive VNS; (4) safety effectiveness post-stroke functional impairments beyond motor rehabilitation; (5) optimisation parameters treatment. Conclusion experienced steady growth over past two decades. provides valuable insights guide future research, clinical applications, policy developments.

Язык: Английский

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Combined transcutaneous auricular vagus stimulation (taVNS) with 0.1Hz slow breathing enhances insomnia treatment efficacy: A pilot study

Brain stimulation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1), С. 4 - 6

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

Insomnia disorder (ID) afflicts as much a third of the global adult populace, constituting substantial public health challenge that profoundly affects individuals' overall well-being, quality life, and socioeconomic framework [[1]Perlis M.L. et al.Insomnia. Lancet. 2022; 400: 1047-1060Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (61) Google Scholar]. While cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) pharmacotherapy serve primary treatment approaches, they are beset by issues compliance, cost, side effects, their efficacy appears to vary among individuals. Consequently, various neuromodulation techniques endeavor offer innovative therapeutic alternatives [[2]Krone L.B. al.Brain stimulation novel options insomnia: systematic review.J Sleep Res. 2023; e13927Crossref (3) Given ID is linked an impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation, which manifests heightened cardiovascular sympathetic activity diminished parasympathetic [[3]Tamisier R. Weiss J.W. Pepin J.L. biology updates: hemodynamic control in sleep disorders.Metabolism. 2018; 84: 3-10Abstract (32) Scholar], transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve (taVNS) has garnered considerable interest due its safety, convenience, directly impact on ANS. certain studies have unequivocally highlighted promise taVNS [[4]Bretherton B. al.Effects individuals aged 55 years or above: potential benefits daily stimulation.Aging (Albany NY). 2019; 11: 4836-4857Crossref (76) Scholar,[5]Zhao al.Transcutaneous treating post-stroke monitored resting-state fMRI: first case report.Brain Stimul. 12: 824-826Abstract (24) some research concurrently pointed out that, when compared groups, fails manifest statistically significant distinctions ameliorating predominant spectrum symptoms This underscores pivotal significance optimizing regimens elevating efficiency render viable approach within landscape management. divergent levels (VN) during inhalation exhalation phases, investigations revealed respiratory-gated (RAVNS), particularly synchronized with expiratory phase, can amplify regulatory effects [[6]Sclocco al.The influence respiration brainstem cardiovagal response stimulation: multimodal ultrahigh-field (7T) fMRI study.Brain 911-921Abstract (89) Subsequently, researchers posited slow-paced breathing (SB) at 0.1Hz induce cardiorespiratory resonance, consequently intensifying VN [[7]Szulczewski M.T. Transcutaneous combined slow breathing: speculations applications technical considerations.Neuromodulation. 25: 380-394Abstract (10) The integration SB regimen interventions may represent strategy potentially optimize vagal levels, thereby enhancing utmost potential. Nonetheless, present, there remains dearth concerning synergistic (taVNS + SB), especially assessing managing insomnia. Here, we performed open-label experimental design investigate outcomes between management ID. Forty-two participants (mean age = 36.38 ± 20.21 years, range from 18 79, body mass index 22.69 3.07, 19 females) meeting criteria DSM-V i.e., experiencing continuity disturbances three more days per week over duration least months, Severity Index (ISI) score ≥8, were enrolled study [[8]Buysse D.J. al.Recommendations standard assessment insomnia.Sleep. 2006; 29: 1155-1173Crossref Detailed inclusion participant characteristics shown Supplementary materials. All provided information about intervention procedure wrote informed consents. was conducted according Declaration Helsinki approved local ethics committee. Participants randomly assigned (n 21) groups. After initiation experiment, both groups completed ISI Pittsburgh Quality (PSQI) questionnaires, collecting 10-min resting ECG data baseline measurements end week1. underwent two-week consisting 20-min sessions, totaling 14 followed follow-up period. At weeks 2–5, PSQI indices, along data, gathered (Fig. 1A). parameters remained uniform across comprising 20Hz burst frequency, 2000Hz pulse 200us width, 5s-on, 5s-off cycle. process (6 breaths/min) guided instructional video configured device current only delivered phase 1B). group adhered spontaneous breathing. last 5 min used analyze heart rate variability (HRV), including root mean square successive differences (RMSSD) absolute power values high-frequency HRV (HF) reliably activity. Logarithmic transformation HF because abnormal distribution. A mixed-effects model employed analysis time, interactions (see supplementary materials method details). results indicate showed improvement scores period(corrected p < 0.001, see Table S2). However, two weeks, distinctive pattern emerged. demonstrated sustained symptoms, while experienced symptom rebound fifth week, showing time-intervention interaction (corrected 0.046, Fig. 1C, S3). Moreover, observed correlation improvements five, relationship not seen 1D-E 1G-H). Analysis logHF tendency 0.06). exhibited increase activity, significantly higher than did exhibit 1F, There no change RMSSD. presented No side-effect reported participants. demonstrates serves enhance alone. Notably, beneficial persist post-treatment, severe lower experience greater improvements—an effect group. These findings capacity augment taVNS's ANS alleviate symptoms. Rhythmic diaphragmatic breathing, often CBT-I exhibits participants’ function [[9]Tsai H.J. al.Efficacy paced enhances improves quality.Psychophysiology. 2015; 52: 388-396Crossref (60) Nevertheless, few researches dedicated investigating exercises Meanwhile, regulating but it faces limitations terms effectiveness. involve mutual central system, maximally resulting [[10]Baekey D.M. al.Effect baroreceptor respiratory pattern: insights into respiratory-sympathetic interactions.Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2010; 174: 135-145Crossref (74) Previous review summarized different cohorts reveals leads possible increased provides new avenue patients also opens up directions further development strategies. Future explore specific assess other disorders related dysfunction. In summary, this propose combining effectiveness insomnia, providing safe, cost-effective, convenient option patients. work funded Innovation Team Talents Cultivation Program National Administration Traditional Chinese Medicine (Grant No. ZYYCXTD-C-202004) Natural Science Basic Research Shaanxi 2022JQ-649).

Язык: Английский

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Heart Rate Variability—An Index of the Efficacy of Complementary Therapies in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(16), С. 3447 - 3447

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), as a functional and psychosomatic disease, reduces the quality of life increases risk developing mental disorders. Deregulation autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one main causes disease. The objective present study was to identify studies in which measurements heart rate variability (HRV) were performed before after therapeutic intervention, evaluate effectiveness IBS therapy terms reduction symptoms changes tone. A systematic review literature carried out accordance with PRISMA standards. Six databases searched for articles published 2022: PubMed®, MEDLINE®, EBSCO, Cochrane, Scopus, Web Science. Inclusion criteria experimental design, diagnosis (medical and/or Rome Criteria), non-pharmacological HRV measurement intervention. assessed by JBI Critical appraisal. In total, 455 identified, which, sixwere included review. Expected (increase parasympathetic activity) observed four six (interventions studied: ear acupressure, transcutaneous auricular vagusnerve stimulation, cognitive behavioral relaxation elements, yoga). same studies, interventions significantly reduced IBS. indicated that under investigation improve efficiency ANS reduce It advisable include measure therapy, assess moderator therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: Designing Closed-Loop Devices for Respiratory-Controlled Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 31 - 31

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023

Studies suggest non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a potential therapeutic option for various pathological conditions, such epilepsy and depression. Exhalation-controlled taVNS, which synchronizes with internal body rhythms, holds promise enhanced neuromodulation, but there is no closed-loop system in the literature capable of performing integration real time. In this context, objective was to develop real-time signal processing techniques an integrated device sensors acquire physiological data. After conditioning stage, processed delivers synchronized electrical during patient’s expiratory phase. Additional modules were designed processing, software-controlled selectors, remote autonomous operation, improved analysis, graphical visualization. The method effectively extracted respiratory cycles successfully attenuated noise. Heart rate variability assessed time, using linear statistical evaluation. prototype feedback stimulator physically constructed. Respiratory peak detection achieved accuracy 90%, resulted small delay up 150 ms Thus, preliminary results show promising accuracy, indicating need additional tests optimize application clinical studies.

Язык: Английский

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Emotional awareness is correlated with ambulatory heart rate variability: A replication and extension

Psychosomatic Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 86(9), С. 768 - 773

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

ABSTRACT Objective In healthy volunteers, a positive association has previously been observed between emotional awareness (EA), the ability to identify and describe experiences in oneself others, resting heart rate variability (HRV), which is dominated by vagus nerve activity. The current study aimed investigate EA-HRV across multiple assessments “real-world” ambulatory context patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) who are at genetic risk for sudden cardiac death. Methods Participants (157 LQTS patients; Mean Age = 35.1, SD 10.4; 115 women) completed levels of scale (LEAS) on one occasion, served as our measure EA. an ecological momentary assessment involving 10 per day over 3 days, 5-minute ECG (mean 24.6, 5.1) were obtained each patient using Holter monitor, from high-frequency HRV (HF-HRV) was computed occasion. Results There significant LEAS scores HF-HRV controlling biobehavioral covariates. We also detected similar inverse relation EA mean rate. Conclusion These findings suggest that, well-defined ventricular arrhythmia death, experience emotions complex differentiated way covaries greater parasympathetic influences heart. consistent overlapping neural substrates their common contribution adaptive responding, Neurovisceral Integration Model.

Язык: Английский

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Common Threads: Altered Interoceptive Processes as Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Across Affective and Anxiety disorders

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2024

There is growing attention towards atypical brain-body interactions and interoceptive processes their potential role in psychiatric conditions, including affective anxiety disorders. This paper aims to synthesize recent developments this field. We present emerging explanatory models focus on coupling modulations of the underlying neurocircuitry that support concept a continuum Grounded theoretical frameworks like peripheral theories emotion predictive processing, we propose altered might represent transdiagnostic mechanisms confer common vulnerability traits across multiple A deeper understanding interplay between bodily states neural processing essential for holistic conceptualization mental

Язык: Английский

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Common threads: Altered interoceptive processes as transdiagnostic mechanisms across affective and anxiety disorders

Journal of Affective Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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