Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 96(1), С. 16 - 51

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2020

ABSTRACT Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution diversification this biodiversity. During last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies different clades across animals plants been published leading increased understanding speciation processes generating tropical African In parallel, extended palaeoclimatic records together with detailed numerical simulations refined our past changes Africa. To date, these important advances not reviewed within common framework. Here, we critically review synthesize climate, tectonics terrestrial throughout Cenozoic mid‐Pleistocene, drawing on recent Earth life sciences. We first six major geo‐climatic periods defining by synthesizing 89 phylogeny studies. Two factors impacting sub‐Saharan biota are highlighted. First, underwent numerous fluctuations at ancient more timescales, tectonic, greenhouse gas, orbital forcing stimulating diversification. Second, aridification since Late Eocene led extinction events, but also provided unique opportunities shaping current landscape. then studies animal plant discuss three models speciation: ( i ) geographic via vicariance (allopatry); ii ecological climate changes, iii genomic genome duplication. Geographic has most widely documented date model conclude four challenges faced research: increase knowledge gathering basic fundamental information; improve modelling geophysical better constraints downscaling approaches; precision phylogenetic reconstruction dating using next generation sequencing approaches fossil calibrations; iv finally, as done here, integrate data from sciences focusing interdisciplinary study wider geodiversity context.

Язык: Английский

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Plastid phylogenomic insights into relationships of all flowering plant families

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2021

Abstract Background Flowering plants (angiosperms) are dominant components of global terrestrial ecosystems, but phylogenetic relationships at the familial level and above remain only partially resolved, greatly impeding our full understanding their evolution early diversification. The plastome, typically mapped as a circular genome, has been most important molecular data source for plant phylogeny reconstruction decades. Results Here, we assembled by far largest plastid dataset angiosperms, composed 80 genes from 4792 plastomes 4660 species in 2024 genera representing all currently recognized families. Our tree (PPA II) is essentially congruent with those previous phylogenomic analyses generally provides greater clade support. In PPA II tree, 75% nodes or ordinal 78% were resolved high bootstrap support (BP ≥ 90). We obtained strong many interordinal interfamilial that poorly previously within core eudicots, such Dilleniales, Saxifragales, Vitales being successive sisters to remaining rosids, Santalales, Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales asterids. However, placement magnoliids, although sister other Mesangiospermae , not well supported disagrees topologies inferred nuclear data. Relationships among five major clades intractable despite increased sampling, probably due an ancient rapid radiation. Conclusions provide comprehensive date well-resolved which together foundation future evolutionary studies flowering plants.

Язык: Английский

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Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(7)

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Early natural historians—Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle—established environment geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups organisms, laying foundations for biogeography over subsequent 200 years, yet relative importance these remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic global species data Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade c. 3500 species, we show that water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover lineages within continents across tropics. We demonstrate 95% speciation occurs precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, lineage boundaries coincide with isohyets precipitation. reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying evolution dispersal follow universal processes.

Язык: Английский

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Aridity drove the evolution of extreme embolism resistance and the radiation of conifer genus Callitris

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 215(1), С. 97 - 112

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2017

Summary Xylem vulnerability to embolism is emerging as a major factor in drought‐induced tree mortality events across the globe. However, we lack understanding of how and what extent climate has shaped vascular properties or functions. We investigated evolution xylem hydraulic function diversification patterns Australia's most successful gymnosperm clade, Callitris , world's drought‐resistant conifers. For all 23 species this group, measured resistance ( P 50 ), specific conductivity K s wood density, tracheary element size from natural populations. whether traits variation linked with clade using time‐calibrated phylogeny. Embolism varied widely : −3.8 −18.8 MP a), was significantly related water scarcity, tracheid diameter. found no evidence safety‐efficiency tradeoff; density were not rainfall. coincides onset aridity Australia since early Oligocene. Our results highlight evolutionary lability climate, leading role The uncoupling safety other functions allowed evolve extreme diversify into xeric environments.

Язык: Английский

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Insights into the historical assembly of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests revealed by the temporal history of the tea family

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 215(3), С. 1235 - 1248

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2017

Subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests (EBLFs) inhabit large areas of East Asia. Although paleovegetation reconstructions have revealed that the subtropical EBLFs existed in Southwest China during Miocene, historical construction these remains poorly known. Here, we used tea family (Theaceae), a characteristic component EBLFs, to gain new insights into assembly this important biome. Using robust phylogenetic framework Theaceae based on plastome and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data, temporal history was reconstructed. Data from other components including Fagaceae, Lauraceae Magnoliaceae, were also integrated. Most essential elements appear originated around Oligocene-Miocene (O-M) boundary. However, small woody lineages (e.g. Camellia, Hartia) dated late Miocene. Accelerated net diversification rates within detected near O-M transition period Our results suggest two independent intensifications Asian summer monsoon (EASM) boundary Miocene may facilitated

Язык: Английский

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Plastid phylogenomic insights into the evolution of Caryophyllales

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 134, С. 74 - 86

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes to increase phylogenetic resolution in the neotropical rain forest genus Inga (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 6

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2015

Evolutionary radiations are prominent and pervasive across many plant lineages in diverse geographical ecological settings; neotropical rainforests there is growing evidence suggesting that a significant fraction of species richness the result recent radiations. Understanding evolutionary trajectories mechanisms underlying these demands much greater phylogenetic resolution than currently available for groups. The tree genus Inga (Leguminosae) good example, with ~300 extant crown age 2-10 MY, yet over 6kb plastid nuclear DNA sequence data gives only poor among species. Here we explore use larger-scale gene obtained though targeted enrichment to increase within Inga. Transcriptome from three were used select 264 loci sequencing. Following quality control remove probable paralogs data, final dataset comprised 259,313 bases 194 24 accessions representing 22 an outgroup (Zygia). Bayesian phylogenies reconstructed using either all concatenated or subset 60 gene-tree/species-tree approach yielded highly resolved phylogenies. We coalescent approaches show same also have power discriminate alternative within-species population histories widespread I. umbellifera. In application, simplifies informatics challenge identifying orthologous associated de novo genome conclude provides large volumes phylogenetically-informative required resolve relationships radiations, both at level phylogeographic studies.

Язык: Английский

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Fast diversification through a mosaic of evolutionary histories characterizes the endemic flora of ancient Neotropical mountains

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 287(1923), С. 20192933 - 20192933

Опубликована: Март 18, 2020

Mountains are among the most biodiverse areas on globe. In young mountain ranges, exceptional plant species richness is often associated with recent and rapid radiations linked to uplift itself. ancient mountains, however, orogeny vastly precedes evolution of vascular plants, so has been explained by accumulation during long periods low extinction rates. Here we evaluate these assumptions analysing diversification dynamics in campo rupestre , an ecosystem pre-Cambrian mountaintops highlands eastern South America, where endemism highest world. Analyses 15 angiosperm clades show that endemics exhibit fastest rates last 5 Myr, a climatically unstable period. However, results from ancestral range estimations using different models disagree age earliest situ speciation events point complex floristic assembly. There general trend for higher areas, but may also increase or reduce rates, depending group. Montane habitats, regardless their geological age, lead boosts accelerating population isolation archipelago-like systems, circumstances can result fast turnover, misleading estimates endemic lineages.

Язык: Английский

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The contrasting nature of woody plant species in different neotropical forest biomes reflects differences in ecological stability

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 210(1), С. 25 - 37

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2015

Summary A fundamental premise of this review is that distinctive phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns in clades endemic to different major biomes illuminate the evolutionary process. In seasonally dry tropical forests ( SDTF s), phylogenies are geographically structured multiple individuals representing single species coalesce. This pattern monophyletic species, coupled with their old stem ages, indicative maintenance small effective population sizes over timescales, which suggests difficult immigrate into because persistent resident lineages adapted a stable, ecology. By contrast, lack coalescence conspecific accessions abundant often widespread more frequent rain likely reflect large maintained huge areas by seed pollen flow. Species nonmonophyly, young ages geographical structure forest may disturbance drought landscape evolution causing mortality opens up greater opportunities for immigration speciation. We recommend full sampling inclusion individual highlight nonmonophyletic we predict will be savanna, represent excellent case studies incipient Contents 25 I. Introduction II. Neotropical 26 III. Coalescence 27 IV. from (SDTFs) V. forest, particular focus on Amazonia 28 VI. Ages 32 VII. neotropical savannas 33 VIII. Conclusions ways forward 34 Acknowledgements 35 References

Язык: Английский

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The Origin of the Legumes is a Complex Paleopolyploid Phylogenomic Tangle Closely Associated with the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) Mass Extinction Event

Systematic Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 70(3), С. 508 - 526

Опубликована: Май 26, 2020

Abstract The consequences of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary (KPB) mass extinction for evolution plant diversity remain poorly understood, even though evolutionary turnover lineages at KPB is central to understanding assembly Cenozoic biota. apparent concentration whole genome duplication (WGD) events around may have played a role in survival and subsequent diversification lineages. To gain new insights into origins biodiversity, we examine origin early globally diverse legume family (Leguminosae or Fabaceae). Legumes are ecologically (co-)dominant across many vegetation types, fossil record suggests that they rose such prominence after parallel with several well-studied animal clades including Placentalia Neoaves. Furthermore, multiple WGD hypothesized occurred evolution. Using recently inferred phylogenomic framework, investigate placement WGDs during using gene tree reconciliation methods, count data phylogenetic supernetwork reconstruction. 20 calibrations estimate revised timeline based on 36 nuclear genes selected as informative evolving an approximately clock-like fashion. establish timing also date nodes trees. Results suggest either pan-legume event stem lineage family, allopolyploid involving (some of) earliest within crown group, additional nested subtending subfamilies Papilionoideae Detarioideae. Gene methods do not account allopolyploidy be misleading inferring earlier time divergence two parental polyploid, suggesting scenario more likely. We show age legumes dates Maastrichtian Paleocene that, apart from Detarioideae WGD, paleopolyploidy close KPB. conclude followed complex history, which auto- and/or coincided rapid association KPB, ultimately underpinning success Leguminosae Cenozoic. [Allopolyploidy; boundary; Fabaceae, Leguminosae; paleopolyploidy; phylogenomics; events]

Язык: Английский

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