Triggers of tree mortality under drought

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 558(7711), С. 531 - 539

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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A first assessment of the impact of the extreme 2018 summer drought on Central European forests

Basic and Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 45, С. 86 - 103

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2020

In 2018, Central Europe experienced one of the most severe and long-lasting summer drought heat wave ever recorded. Before 2003 millennial was often invoked as example a "hotter drought", classified event in for last 500 years. First insights now confirm that 2018 climatically more extreme had greater impact on forest ecosystems Austria, Germany Switzerland than drought. Across this region, mean growing season air temperature from April to October 3.3°C above long-term average, 1.2°C warmer 2003. Here, we present first assessment heatwave European forests. response event, ecologically economically important tree species temperate forests showed signs stress. These symptoms included exceptionally low foliar water potentials crossing threshold xylem hydraulic failure many observations widespread leaf discoloration premature shedding. As result stress, caused unprecedented drought-induced mortality throughout region. Moreover, unexpectedly strong drought-legacy effects were detected 2019. This implies physiological recovery trees impaired after leaving them highly vulnerable secondary impacts such insect or fungal pathogen attacks. consequence, triggered by events is likely continue several Our indicates common are waves previously thought. occur frequently with progression climate change, might approach point substantial ecological economic transition. also highlights urgent need pan-European ground-based monitoring network suited track individual mortality, supported remote sensing products high spatial temporal resolution track, analyse forecast these transitions.

Язык: Английский

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Hanging by a thread? Forests and drought

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 368(6488), С. 261 - 266

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2020

Trees are the living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built. Central to success of trees their woody bodies, connect elevated photosynthetic canopies with essential belowground activities water and nutrient acquisition. The slow construction these carbon-dense, skeletons leads a generation time, leaving forests highly susceptible rapid changes in climate. Other long-lived, sessile organisms such as corals appear be poorly equipped survive changes, raises questions about vulnerability contemporary future climate change. emerging view that, similar corals, tree species have rather inflexible damage thresholds, particularly terms stress, especially concerning. This Review examines recent progress our understanding how looks for growing hotter drier atmosphere.

Язык: Английский

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Linking plant hydraulics and the fast–slow continuum to understand resilience to drought in tropical ecosystems

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 230(3), С. 904 - 923

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2021

Summary Tropical ecosystems have the highest levels of biodiversity, cycle more water and absorb carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Consequently, these are extremely important components Earth’s climatic system biogeochemical cycles. Plant hydraulics is an essential discipline to understand predict dynamics tropical vegetation in scenarios changing availability. Using published plant hydraulic data we show that trade‐off between drought avoidance (expressed as deep‐rooting, deciduousness capacitance) safety (P50 – potential when plants lose 50% their maximum conductivity) a major axis physiological variation across ecosystems. We also propose novel independent trait linking vulnerability failure margin (HSM)) growth, where inherent fast‐growing lower HSM compared slow‐growing plants. surmise soil nutrients fundamental drivers community assembly determining distribution abundance slow‐safe/fast‐risky strategies. conclude showing including either growth‐HSM or resistance‐avoidance models can make simulated rainforest communities substantially vulnerable similar without trade‐off. These results suggest need represent axes accurately project functioning

Язык: Английский

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Drought response of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)—A review

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 47, С. 125576 - 125576

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2021

Abstract The complexity of forest structures plays a crucial role in regulating ecosystem functions and strongly influences biodiversity. Yet, knowledge the global patterns determinants structural remains scarce. Using stand index based on terrestrial laser scanning, we quantify boreal, temperate, subtropical tropical primary forests. We find that variation is largely explained by annual precipitation seasonality (R² = 0.89). forests as benchmark, model potential across biomes present map earth´s ecoregions. Our analyses reveal distinct latitudinal structure show hotspots high coincide with plant diversity. Considering mechanistic underpinnings complexity, our results suggest spatially contrasting changes climate change within biomes.

Язык: Английский

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INTERVESSEL PIT MEMBRANE THICKNESS AS A KEY DETERMINANT OF EMBOLISM RESISTANCE IN ANGIOSPERM XYLEM

IAWA Journal, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 37(2), С. 152 - 171

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2016

Pit membranes in bordered pits between neighbouring vessels play a major role the entry of air-water menisci from an embolised vessel into water-filled ( i.e ., air-seeding). Here, we investigate intervessel pit membrane thickness (T PM ) and embolism resistance (P 50 , water potential corresponding to 50% loss hydraulic conductivity) across broad range woody angiosperm species. Data on T double wall VW were compiled based electron light microscopy. Fresh material that was directly fixated for transmission microscopy (TEM) investigated 71 species, while non-fresh samples frozen, stored alcohol, or air dried prior TEM preparation additional 60 P novel observations literature. A strong correlation TPM P50 found measurements freshly r = 0.78, >0.01, n 37), 0.79, 59), slightly weaker relationship occurred TVW (r 0.40, 34). However, showed no . Intervessel c.28% thinner more dense than fresh samples. Our findings demonstrate measured provides one strongest wood anatomical correlates droughtinduced angiosperms. Assuming cellulose microfibrils show equal spatial density, is suggested affect length shape pores, but not actual pore size. Moreover, shrinking effect observed after dehydration frost associated with increase microfibril density porosity, which may provide functional explanation fatigue.

Язык: Английский

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A synthesis of tree functional traits related to drought‐induced mortality in forests across climatic zones

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 54(6), С. 1669 - 1686

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2017

Summary Forest dieback caused by drought‐induced tree mortality has been observed world‐wide. Forecasting which trees in locations are vulnerable to is important predict the consequences of drought on forest structure, biodiversity and ecosystem function. In this paper, our central aim was compile a synthesis traits associated abiotic variables that can be used mortality. We reviewed literature specifically links functional site conditions (i.e. edaphic biotic conditions), targeting studies show clear use analysis. separated review into five climatic zones determine global vs. regionally restricted relationships between Our identifies number have with (e.g. wood density at species level size growth individual level). However, lack direct most highlights areas where future research should focus broaden understanding. Synthesis applications . established mortality, presents knowledge gaps for suggests monitoring avenues improving understanding It intended assist ecologists natural resource managers choose appropriate measurable parameters predicting local regional scale risk different within constraints time funding availability.

Язык: Английский

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Greater focus on water pools may improve our ability to understand and anticipate drought‐induced mortality in plants

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 223(1), С. 22 - 32

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2018

Drought-induced tree mortality has major impacts on ecosystem carbon and water cycles, is expected to increase in forests across the globe with climate change. A large body of research past decade advanced our understanding plant relations under drought. However, despite intense research, we still lack generalizable, cross-scale indicators risk. In this Viewpoint, propose that a more explicit consideration pools could improve ability monitor anticipate Specifically, focus relative content (RWC), classic metric relations, as potential indicator risk physiologically relevant integrates different aspects related hydraulics, stomatal responses economy Measures are likely have strong mechanistic link be integrative, threshold-prone relatively easy measure at spatial scales, may complement current metrics based potential, loss hydraulic conductivity nonstructural carbohydrates. We discuss some advantages limitations these capacity predict drought-induced mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Hydraulic traits are coordinated with maximum plant height at the global scale

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2019

Coordination between plant height and xylem traits is aligned with habitat aridity across the Earth’s terrestrial biomes.

Язык: Английский

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