Diversification, adaptation, and community assembly of the American oaks (Quercus), a model clade for integrating ecology and evolution

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 221(2), С. 669 - 692

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2018

Contents Summary 669 I. Model clades for the study and integration of ecology evolution 670 II. Oaks: an important model clade 671 III. Insights from history American oaks understanding community assembly ecosystem dominance 673 IV. Bridging gap between micro‐ macroevolutionary processes relevant to 679 V. How do we reconcile evidence adaptive with niche conservatism long‐term stasis? 682 VI. High plasticity within‐population genetic variation contribute population persistence 683 VII. Emerging technologies tracking functional change 685 VIII. Conclusions Acknowledgements 686 References Ecologists evolutionary biologists are concerned explaining diversity composition natural world aware inextricable linkages ecological that maintain Earth's life support systems. Yet examination these remains challenging due contrasting nature focal systems research approaches. provide a critical means integrate evolution, as illustrated by (genus Quercus ), clade, given their dominance, remarkable diversity, growing phylogenetic, genomic, data resources. Studies reveal sympatric parallel radiation continues influence today, highlighting questions on extent coexistence mechanisms. Flexible phenology hydraulic traits, despite stasis, may have enabled adaptation wide range environments within across species, contributing high abundance diversity. The offer fundamental insights at intersection role diversification in processes, importance flexibility key traits adapting new environments, factors long‐lived organisms, legacies function.

Язык: Английский

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Being John Harper: Using evolutionary ideas to improve understanding of global patterns in plant traits

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 106(1), С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2017

Abstract This review summarizes current understanding of five key plant traits: seed mass, height, wood density, leaf mass per unit area and size, emphasizing ways in which our large‐scale patterns traits have improved over the last two decades. Notable advances include: (1) large‐seeded species greater dispersal distances than do small‐seeded species, (2) is not strongly or consistently related to outside economics spectrum, broad gradients environmental conditions, (3) fleshy fruit could first evolved for dispersal, as appeared millions years before potential dispersers. While quantifying has yielded many important discoveries, it clear that next major leap will come from simply including ever more variables analyses. I suggest we build upon Harper's “Darwinian approach ecology” apply evolutionary ideas trait ecology. For example, impacts on lifetime fitness rather particular stages regeneration can allow us understand coordination between seemingly disparate traits. use this bring height together integrated parts a species’ life‐history spectrum. then point out problems associated with implicit assumption selection acts mean values show how considering way improve effects climate A goal future quantify full suite biotic abiotic factors shape strategy complex, real‐world situations. Synthesis . Enormous data availability powerful computational statistical tools given ecologists unprecedented power However, there limit far big alone take us. The time ripe new generation hypotheses ecological theory built strong foundations. Let creativity begin!

Язык: Английский

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The Ecology of Tropical East Asia

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2019, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2019

Abstract Tropical East Asia is home to over 1 billion people and faces massive human impacts from its rising population rapid economic growth. It has already lost more than half of forest cover the highest rates deforestation logging in tropics. Hunting trade wildlife products threaten all large many smaller vertebrates. Despite these problems, region still supports an estimated 15–25 per cent global terrestrial biodiversity thus a key focus for conservation. This book therefore deals with plants, animals, ecosystems they inhabit, as well diverse threats their survival options provides background knowledge region’s ecology needed by both specialists non-specialists put own work into broader context. The first edition was describe entire Asian tropics subtropics, southern China western Indonesia, second extended coverage include very similar Northeast India, Bangladesh, Bhutan. third updates contents gives prominence Anthropocene possible conservation responses. accessible style, comprehensive coverage, engaging illustrations make this advanced textbook essential read senior undergraduate graduate-level students studying tropics, authoritative reference professional ecologists, conservationists, interested amateurs worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Dormancy and germination: making every seed count in restoration

Restoration Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(S3)

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2020

From 50 to 90% of wild plant species worldwide produce seeds that are dormant upon maturity, with specific dormancy traits driven by species' occurrence geography, growth form, and genetic factors. While is a beneficial adaptation for intact natural systems, it can limit recruitment in restoration scenarios because may take several seasons lose consequently show low or erratic germination. During this time, seed predation, weed competition, soil erosion, viability loss lead re‐establishment failure. Understanding considering germination planning thus critical ensuring effective management use efficiency. There five known classes (physiological, physical, combinational, morphological, morphophysiological), each requiring cues alleviate enable The status be determined through series simple steps account initial quality assess across range environmental conditions. In article, we outline the classification process various corresponding methodologies ex situ alleviation. We also highlight importance record‐keeping reporting accession information (e.g. geographic coordinates collection location, cleaning information, storage conditions, testing data) ensure these factors adequately considered planning.

Язык: Английский

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Fire‐released seed dormancy ‐ a global synthesis

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 97(4), С. 1612 - 1639

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2022

ABSTRACT Seed dormancy varies greatly between species, clades, communities, and regions. We propose that fireprone ecosystems create ideal conditions for the selection of seed as fire provides a mechanism release postfire are optimal germination. Thus, fire‐released should vary in type abundance under different regimes. To test these predictions, we compiled data from wide range fire‐related germination experiments species across globe. identified four syndromes: heat‐released (physical) dormancy, smoke‐released (physiological) non‐fire‐released non‐dormancy. In ecosystems, fire, form heat and/or chemical by‐products (collectively termed ‘smoke’), predominant stimuli subsequent germination, with climate (cold or warm stratification) light sometimes playing important secondary roles. Fire (heat smoke)‐released is best expressed where woody vegetation dense fires intense, i.e. crown‐fire ecosystems. such environments, allows shade‐intolerant to take advantage gaps created by synchronize recruitment conditions. grassy (e.g. savannas), less intense but more frequent, common often not directly related (non‐fire‐released dormancy). Rates whether controls postfire, twice fast savannas than mediterranean Fire‐released rare absent arid rainforests. The seeds many also possess elaiosomes promote ant dispersal. Burial ants increases insulation places them suitable location dormancy. distribution syndromes plants random – certain types associated particular lineages (phylogenetic conservatism). Heat‐released can be traced back floras ‘fiery’ mid‐Cretaceous, followed loss among recent events advent open non‐fireprone habitats. Anthropogenic influences now modifying dormancy‐release mechanisms, usually decreasing role exaptive effects. conclude contrasting regimes key driver evolution maintenance diverse world's natural

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination Mechanisms in a Changing Environment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(3), С. 1357 - 1357

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2021

Environmental conditions are the basis of plant reproduction and critical factors controlling seed dormancy germination. Global climate change is currently affecting environmental changing plants from seeds. Disturbances in germination will cause disturbances diversity communities. Models developed for scenarios show that some species face a significant decrease suitable habitat area. Dormancy an adaptive mechanism affects probability survival species. The ability seeds many to survive until recedes meet requirements strategy can act as buffer against negative effects heterogeneity. influence temperature humidity on status underlines need understand how affect patterns. Knowledge these processes important understanding evolution adaptation changes habitat. network genes under not fully characterized. Integrating research techniques different disciplines biology could aid mechanisms Transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, other fields provide researchers with new opportunities life. This paper focuses presenting various environments, emphasis their prospective roles climate.

Язык: Английский

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DA-6 promotes germination and seedling establishment from aged soybean seeds by mediating fatty acid metabolism and glycometabolism

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 70(1), С. 101 - 114

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2018

Soybean seeds contain higher concentrations of oil (triacylglycerol) and fatty acids than do cereal crop seeds, the oxidation these biomolecules during seed storage significantly shortens longevity decreases germination ability. Here, we report that diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a plant growth regulator, increases seedling establishment from aged soybean by increasing acid metabolism glycometabolism. Phenotypic analysis showed DA-6 treatment markedly promoted naturally artificially seeds. Further revealed increased soluble sugars imbibition Consistently, several different in DA-6-treated were those untreated Subsequently, quantitative PCR indicated induced transcription key genes involved hydrolysis triacylglycerol to Furthermore, activity invertase which catalyzes sucrose form fructose glucose, following treatment. Taken together, promotes enhancing conversion sugars.

Язык: Английский

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Seed germination responses to seasonal temperature and drought stress are species‐specific but not related to seed size in a desert steppe: Implications for effect of climate change on community structure

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(4), С. 2149 - 2159

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2019

Investigating how seed germination of multiple species in an ecosystem responds to environmental conditions is crucial for understanding the mechanisms community structure and biodiversity maintenance. However, knowledge response still scarce at level. We hypothesized that responses differ among level, not correlated with size. To test this hypothesis, we determined 20 common Siziwang Desert Steppe, China, seasonal temperature regimes (representing April, May, June, July) drought stress (0, -0.003, -0.027, -0.155, -0.87 MPa). Seed percentage increased increasing regime, but Allium ramosum, tenuissimum, Artemisia annua, mongolica,Artemisia scoparia, sieversiana, Bassia dasyphylla, Kochia prastrata, Neopallasia pectinata germinated >60% lowest regime (April). Germination decreased water stress, Heteropappus altaicus, pectinata, Potentilla tanacetifolia near 60% MPa. Among these eight species, six was tolerant both stress. Mean four five potentials significantly mass or area, which were highly correlated. Our results suggest species-specific are important structuring desert steppe have implications predicting under climate change. Thus, predicted warmer dryer will favor drought-tolerant resulting altered proportions germinants different subsequently change composition steppe.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution in Isolation

Опубликована: Май 13, 2019

Oceanic islands are storehouses for unique creatures. Zoologists have long been fascinated by island animals because they break all the rules. Speedy, nervous, little birds repeatedly evolve to become plump, tame and flightless on islands. Equally strange wonderful plants evolved However, very poorly understood relative animals. Do similar patterns in dispersal ability, size defence islands? This volume answers this question first time using a modern quantitative approach. It not only reviews literature differences defence, loss of dispersal, changes size, alterations breeding systems fire adaptations, but also brings new data into focus fill gaps current understanding. By firmly establishing what is currently known about repeated evolution plants, book provides roadmap future research.

Язык: Английский

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Climate shapes the seed germination niche of temperate flowering plants: a meta-analysis of European seed conservation data

Annals of Botany, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 129(7), С. 775 - 786

Опубликована: Март 16, 2022

Interactions between ecological factors and seed physiological responses during the establishment phase shape distribution of plants. Yet, our understanding functions evolution early-life traits has been limited by scarcity large-scale datasets. Here, we tested hypothesis that germination niche temperate plants is shaped their climatic requirements phylogenetic relatedness, using data sourced from a comprehensive conservation database European flora (ENSCOBASE).

Язык: Английский

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