Plant responses to rising vapor pressure deficit

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 226(6), С. 1550 - 1566

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2020

Summary Recent decades have been characterized by increasing temperatures worldwide, resulting in an exponential climb vapor pressure deficit (VPD). VPD has identified as increasingly important driver of plant functioning terrestrial biomes and established a major contributor recent drought‐induced mortality independent other drivers associated with climate change. Despite this, few studies isolated the physiological response to high VPD, thus limiting our understanding ability predict future impacts on ecosystems. An abundance evidence suggests that stomatal conductance declines under transpiration increases most species up until given threshold, leading cascade subsequent including reduced photosynthesis growth, higher risks carbon starvation hydraulic failure . Incorporation photosynthetic traits ‘next‐generation’ land‐surface models greatest potential for improved prediction responses at plant‐ global‐scale, will yield more mechanistic simulations changing climate. By providing fully integrated framework evaluation function, improvements forecasting long‐term projections can be made.

Язык: Английский

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Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 368(6494)

Опубликована: Май 28, 2020

Forest dynamics arise from the interplay of environmental drivers and disturbances with demographic processes recruitment, growth, mortality, subsequently driving biomass species composition. However, forest subsequent recovery are shifting global changes in climate land use, altering these dynamics. Changes drivers, disturbance regimes forcing forests toward younger, shorter stands. Rising carbon dioxide, acclimation, adaptation, migration can influence impacts. Recent developments Earth system models support increasingly realistic simulations vegetation In parallel, emerging remote sensing datasets promise qualitatively new more abundant data on underlying consequences for structure. When combined, advances hold improving scientific understanding demographics disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 579(7797), С. 80 - 87

Опубликована: Март 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Hanging by a thread? Forests and drought

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 368(6488), С. 261 - 266

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2020

Trees are the living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built. Central to success of trees their woody bodies, connect elevated photosynthetic canopies with essential belowground activities water and nutrient acquisition. The slow construction these carbon-dense, skeletons leads a generation time, leaving forests highly susceptible rapid changes in climate. Other long-lived, sessile organisms such as corals appear be poorly equipped survive changes, raises questions about vulnerability contemporary future climate change. emerging view that, similar corals, tree species have rather inflexible damage thresholds, particularly terms stress, especially concerning. This Review examines recent progress our understanding how looks for growing hotter drier atmosphere.

Язык: Английский

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The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 559(7715), С. 517 - 526

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 608(7923), С. 534 - 539

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2022

Abstract Forest ecosystems depend on their capacity to withstand and recover from natural anthropogenic perturbations (that is, resilience) 1 . Experimental evidence of sudden increases in tree mortality is raising concerns about variation forest resilience 2 , yet little known how it evolving response climate change. Here we integrate satellite-based vegetation indices with machine learning show resilience, quantified terms critical slowing down indicators 3–5 has changed during the period 2000–2020. We that tropical, arid temperate forests are experiencing a significant decline probably related increased water limitations variability. By contrast, boreal divergent local patterns an average increasing trend benefiting warming CO fertilization, which may outweigh adverse effects These emerge consistently both managed intact forests, corroborating existence common large-scale drivers. Reductions statistically linked abrupt declines primary productivity, occurring slow drifting towards threshold. Approximately 23% undisturbed corresponding 3.32 Pg C gross have already reached threshold further degradation resilience. Together, these signals reveal widespread perturbation should be accounted for design land-based mitigation adaptation plans.

Язык: Английский

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Implementing Plant Hydraulics in the Community Land Model, Version 5

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(2), С. 485 - 513

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2019

Abstract Version 5 of the Community Land Model (CLM5) introduces plant hydraulic stress (PHS) configuration vegetation water use, which is described and compared with corresponding parameterization from CLM4.5. PHS updates root uptake to better reflect theory, advancing physical basis model. The new prognostic potential, modeled at root, stem, leaf levels. Leaf potential replaces soil as for stomatal conductance stress, used implement uptake, replacing a transpiration partitioning function. Point simulations tropical forest site (Caxiuanã, Brazil) under ambient conditions partial precipitation exclusion highlight differences between previous CLM implementation. description simulation results are contextualized list benefits limitations model formulation, including hypotheses that were not testable in versions Key include reductions moisture biases relative control both conditions, correcting excessive dry season implements gradient allows redistribution compensatory utilizing larger portion column buffer shortfalls precipitation. structure, bases on could have significant implications vegetation‐climate feedbacks, increased sensitivity photosynthesis atmospheric vapor pressure deficit.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 368(6493), С. 869 - 874

Опубликована: Май 21, 2020

Thermal sensitivity of tropical trees A key uncertainty in climate change models is the thermal forests and how this value might influence carbon fluxes. Sullivan et al. measured stocks fluxes permanent forest plots distributed globally. This synthesis plot networks across climatic biogeographic gradients shows that dominated by high daytime temperatures. extreme condition depresses growth rates shortens time resides ecosystem killing under hot, dry conditions. The effect temperature worse above 32°C, a greater magnitude thus risks loss stocks. Nevertheless, are likely to remain higher moderate if they protected from direct impacts such as clearance, logging, or fires. Science , issue p. 869

Язык: Английский

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Tree carbon allocation explains forest drought‐kill and recovery patterns

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 21(10), С. 1552 - 1560

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2018

The mechanisms governing tree drought mortality and recovery remain a subject of inquiry active debate given their role in the terrestrial carbon cycle concomitant impact on climate change. Counter-intuitively, many trees do not die during itself. Indeed, observations globally have documented that often grow for several years after before mortality. A combination meta-analysis physiological models demonstrate optimal allocation explains observed patterns delayed provides predictive framework. Specifically, post-drought, attempt to repair water transport tissue achieve positive balance through regrowing drought-damaged xylem. Furthermore, number xylem regrowth required recover function increases with size, explaining why size. These results indicate resilience drought-kill may increase future, provided CO2 fertilisation facilitates more rapid regrowth.

Язык: Английский

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Amazonian rainforest tree mortality driven by climate and functional traits

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(5), С. 384 - 388

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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