Linking plant hydraulics and the fast–slow continuum to understand resilience to drought in tropical ecosystems

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 230(3), С. 904 - 923

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2021

Summary Tropical ecosystems have the highest levels of biodiversity, cycle more water and absorb carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Consequently, these are extremely important components Earth’s climatic system biogeochemical cycles. Plant hydraulics is an essential discipline to understand predict dynamics tropical vegetation in scenarios changing availability. Using published plant hydraulic data we show that trade‐off between drought avoidance (expressed as deep‐rooting, deciduousness capacitance) safety (P50 – potential when plants lose 50% their maximum conductivity) a major axis physiological variation across ecosystems. We also propose novel independent trait linking vulnerability failure margin (HSM)) growth, where inherent fast‐growing lower HSM compared slow‐growing plants. surmise soil nutrients fundamental drivers community assembly determining distribution abundance slow‐safe/fast‐risky strategies. conclude showing including either growth‐HSM or resistance‐avoidance models can make simulated rainforest communities substantially vulnerable similar without trade‐off. These results suggest need represent axes accurately project functioning

Язык: Английский

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Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2021

Abstract The complexity of forest structures plays a crucial role in regulating ecosystem functions and strongly influences biodiversity. Yet, knowledge the global patterns determinants structural remains scarce. Using stand index based on terrestrial laser scanning, we quantify boreal, temperate, subtropical tropical primary forests. We find that variation is largely explained by annual precipitation seasonality (R² = 0.89). forests as benchmark, model potential across biomes present map earth´s ecoregions. Our analyses reveal distinct latitudinal structure show hotspots high coincide with plant diversity. Considering mechanistic underpinnings complexity, our results suggest spatially contrasting changes climate change within biomes.

Язык: Английский

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Canopy structure and topography jointly constrain the microclimate of human‐modified tropical landscapes

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(11), С. 5243 - 5258

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2018

Local-scale microclimatic conditions in forest understoreys play a key role shaping the composition, diversity and function of these ecosystems. Consequently, understanding what drives variation microclimate is critical to forecasting ecosystem responses global change, particularly tropics where many species already operate close their thermal limits rapid land-use transformation profoundly altering local environments. Yet our ability characterize at ecologically meaningful scales remains limited, as understorey cannot be directly measured from outside canopy. To address this challenge, we established network sensors across intensity gradient spanning old-growth forests oil-palm plantations Borneo. We then combined observations with high-resolution airborne laser scanning data how topography canopy structure shape both locally landscape. In processes, generated surfaces over 350 km2 , which used explore potential impacts habitat degradation on regeneration under current future climate scenarios. found that vegetation were strong predictors microclimate, elevation terrain curvature primarily constraining daily mean temperatures vapour pressure deficit (VPD), whereas height had clear dampening effect extremes. This buffering was pronounced wind-exposed slopes but tended saturate once exceeded 20 m-suggesting despite intensive logging, secondary remain largely thermally buffered. Nonetheless, landscape-scale highly heterogeneous, maximum ranging between 24.2 37.2°C VPD two orders magnitude. Based this, estimate by end century could hampered degraded much Borneo's lowlands if continue rise following projected trends.

Язык: Английский

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Multi-sensor remote sensing for drought characterization: current status, opportunities and a roadmap for the future

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 256, С. 112313 - 112313

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Droughts, Wildfires, and Forest Carbon Cycling: A Pantropical Synthesis

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 47(1), С. 555 - 581

Опубликована: Май 30, 2019

Tropical woody plants store ∼230 petagrams of carbon (PgC) in their aboveground living biomass. This review suggests that these stocks are currently growing primary forests at rates have decreased recent decades. Droughts an important mechanism reducing forest C uptake and by decreasing photosynthesis, elevating tree mortality, increasing autotrophic respiration, promoting wildfires. were a source to the atmosphere during 2015–2016 El Niño–related drought, with some estimates suggesting up 2.3 PgC released. With continued climate change, intensity frequency droughts fires will likely increase. It is unclear what point impacts severe, repeated disturbances drought could exceed tropical forests’ capacity recover. Although specific threshold conditions beyond which ecosystem properties lead alternative stable states largely unknown, body scientific evidence points such becoming more as land use change across tropics. ▪ reduced Threshold pushed into effects intensify.

Язык: Английский

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The gathering firestorm in southern Amazonia

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2020

Amazon wildfires could emit 17.0 Pg of CO 2 by 2050, and avoiding new deforestation cut associated net emissions half.

Язык: Английский

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The Threat of the Combined Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors in Forestry Under a Changing Climate

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2020

Plants encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, usually in combination. This results major economic losses agriculture forestry every year. Climate change aggravates the adverse effects of combined stresses increases such losses. Trees suffer even more from recurrence stress combinations owing to their long lifecycle. Despite effort study damage individual factors, less attention has been given effect complex interactions between multiple stresses. In this review, we assess importance, impact, mitigation strategies climate driven forestry. The ecological importance under different is highlighted by contribution decline global forest area through direct indirect roles loss biodiversity resulting local extinction endangered species trees, emission biogenic volatile organic compounds, reduction productivity quality products services. factors as high temperature drought increase disease insect pest outbreaks, decrease growth cause tree mortality. Reports massive mortality events caused “hotter droughts” are increasing all over world, affecting genera trees including some most important plantation forests, Pine, Poplar, Eucalyptus . While pests, pathogens, parasitic plants have reported be associated with many these events, a considerable number reports not taken into account factors. available also tend undermine interactive Thus, discussion centers on based research innovation, which build models previously used curb

Язык: Английский

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A catastrophic tropical drought kills hydraulically vulnerable tree species

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(5), С. 3122 - 3133

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2020

Abstract Drought‐related tree mortality is now a widespread phenomenon predicted to increase in magnitude with climate change. However, the patterns of which species and trees are most vulnerable drought, underlying mechanisms have remained elusive, part due lack relevant data difficulty predicting location catastrophic drought years advance. We used long‐term demographic records extensive databases functional traits distribution understand responses 20–53 an extreme seasonally dry tropical forest Costa Rica, occurred during 2015 El Niño Southern Oscillation event. Overall, species‐specific rates ranged from 0% 34%, varied little as function size. By contrast, hydraulic safety margins correlated well probability among species, while morphological or leaf economics spectrum did not. This firmly suggests targets for future research.

Язык: Английский

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Benchmarking and parameter sensitivity of physiological and vegetation dynamics using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) at Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(11), С. 3017 - 3044

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2020

Abstract. Plant functional traits determine vegetation responses to environmental variation, but variation in trait values is large, even within a single site. Likewise, uncertainty how these map Earth system feedbacks large. We use demographic model (VDM), the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), explore parameter sensitivity of predictions, and comparison observations, at tropical forest site: Barro Colorado Island Panama. define 12-dimensional distribution plant derived primarily from observations Panama, types (PFTs) as random draws this distribution. compare several ensembles, where individual ensemble members vary only that PFTs, separate ensembles differ each other based on either structural assumptions or non-trait, ecosystem-level parameters, which include (a) number competing PFTs present any simulation (b) parameters govern disturbance height-based light competition. While single-PFT simulations are roughly consistent with productivity Island, increasing strongly shifts predictions towards higher biomass forests. Different ecosystem variables show greater than others most dominated by large trees, such biomass, being sensitive. Changing height-sorting i.e., rules competitive filtering, regimes dominance coexistence between early- late-successional model. Increases extent severity disturbance, degree determinism competition, all act shift community early-successional PFTs. In turn, outcomes alter states fluxes, more early-successional-dominated forests having lower biomass. It thus crucial differentiate traits, under pressure VDMs, those not better understand relationships two quantify sources VDMs.

Язык: Английский

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Tropical tree mortality has increased with rising atmospheric water stress

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 608(7923), С. 528 - 533

Опубликована: Май 18, 2022

Язык: Английский

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