A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 232(3), С. 973 - 1122

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2021

Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact environment, ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep generating cutting‐edge, meaningful integrated knowledge. Consideration below‐ground components ecosystem studies has been consistently called for decades, but methodology is disparate sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based collective effort large team experts, will improve trait comparisons across integration information databases by providing standardised methods controlled vocabularies. It meant be used not only as starting point students scientists who desire working ecosystems, also experts consolidating broadening views multiple aspects ecology. Beyond classical compilation measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from literature provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining entities giving keys dissection, classification naming beyond fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering specificity produce sound laboratory field data; (3) describing typical, overlooked steps studying roots (e.g. handling, cleaning storage); (4) gathering metadata necessary interpretation results reuse. Most importantly, all traits introduced with some degree ecological that foundation understanding meaning, typical use uncertainties, methodological conceptual perspectives future research. Considering this, urge readers solely extract protocol measurements this work, take moment read reflect extensive contained broader guide ecology, including sections I–VII introductions each section description. Finally, it critical understand major aim help break down barriers between subdisciplines ecology ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ study create favourable conditions inception comprehensive experiments role functioning.

Язык: Английский

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Widespread woody plant use of water stored in bedrock

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 597(7875), С. 225 - 229

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Global patterns of water storage in the rooting zones of vegetation

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

The rooting-zone water-storage capacity-the amount of water accessible to plants-controls the sensitivity land-atmosphere exchange and carbon during dry periods. How capacity varies spatially is largely unknown not directly observable. Here we estimate globally from relationship between remotely sensed vegetation activity, measured by combining evapotranspiration, sun-induced fluorescence radiation estimates, cumulative deficit calculated daily time series precipitation evapotranspiration. Our findings indicate plant-available stores that exceed storage 2-m-deep soils across 37% Earth's vegetated surface. We find biome-level variations capacities correlate with observed depth distributions reflect influence hydroclimate, as magnitude annual water-deficit extremes. Smaller-scale are linked topography land use. document large spatial in effective root-zone illustrate a tight link among climatology deficits, rooting its stress.

Язык: Английский

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Vertical decoupling of soil nutrients and water under climate warming reduces plant cumulative nutrient uptake, water‐use efficiency and productivity

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 230(4), С. 1378 - 1393

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2021

Warming-induced desiccation of the fertile topsoil layer could lead to decreased nutrient diffusion, mobility, mineralization and uptake by roots. Increased vertical decoupling between nutrients in water availability subsoil/bedrock layers under warming thereby reduce cumulative over growing season. We used a Mediterranean semiarid shrubland as model system assess impacts warming-induced on plant water- nutrient-use patterns. A 6 yr manipulative field experiment examined effects (2.5°C), rainfall reduction (30%) their combination soil resource utilization Helianthemum squamatum shrubs. drier ('growth pool') led greater proportional from deeper, wetter, but less ('maintenance plants. This was linked uptake, increased nonstomatal (nutritional) limitation photosynthesis reduced water-use efficiency, above-ground biomass growth drought survival. Whereas shift stored deep may buffer negative impact transpiration, this plastic response cannot compensate for associated carbon assimilation, which compromise capacity plants adjust warmer climate.

Язык: Английский

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Embracing the dynamic nature of soil structure: A paradigm illuminating the role of life in critical zones of the Anthropocene

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 225, С. 103873 - 103873

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Forest vulnerability to drought controlled by bedrock composition

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(9), С. 714 - 719

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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AmeriFlux: Its Impact on our understanding of the ‘breathing of the biosphere’, after 25 years

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 348, С. 109929 - 109929

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Oak Transpiration Drawn From the Weathered Bedrock Vadose Zone in the Summer Dry Season

Water Resources Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 56(11)

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2020

Abstract The spatiotemporal dynamics of plant water sources are hidden and poorly understood. We document source use Quercus garryana growing in Northern California on a profile approximately 50 cm soil underlain by 2–4 m weathered bedrock (sheared shale mélange) that completely saturates winter, when the oaks lack leaves, progressively dries over summer. determined oak combining observations stable isotope composition, vadose zone moisture groundwater dynamics, metrics tree status (potential) (sapflow). During spring, xylem is isotopically similar to seasonal shallow, evaporatively enriched pools. However, as soils dry table recedes permanently saturated, anoxic, low‐conductivity fresh boundary, Q. shifts using with depleted isotopic composition matches residual deep underlying zone. Sapflow rates remain high late‐summer predawn potentials drop below − 2.5 MPa. Neutron probe surveys reveal rock declines under contrast constant levels grass‐dominated areas. therefore conclude temporarily it occupies but otherwise unsaturated after recedes. ample moisture, connected porosity, oxygenated conditions make key resource during long summer season local Mediterranean climate.

Язык: Английский

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Water ‘on the rocks’: a summer drink for thirsty trees?

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(1), С. 199 - 212

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2020

Drought-induced tree mortality frequently occurs in patches with different spatial and temporal distributions, which is only partly explained by inter- intraspecific variation drought tolerance. We investigated whether bedrock properties, special reference to rock water storage capacity, affects status response a rock-dominated landscape. measured primary porosity available content of breccia (B) dolostone (D) rocks. Saplings Fraxinus ornus were grown pots filled soil or mixed B D rocks, subjected an experimental drought. Finally, we seasonal changes trees field sites overlying bedrock. rocks more porous stored than Potted saplings had less biomass suffered severe stress those Trees favourable on also drought-induced canopy dieback. Bedrock represents important source for plants under Different features translate into contrasting below-ground availability, leading landscape-level heterogeneity the impact

Язык: Английский

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On the inter‐ and intra‐annual variability of ecosystem evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of an oak savanna and annual grassland subjected to booms and busts in rainfall

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(2), С. 359 - 375

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2020

Abstract Whether annual evapotranspiration of native ecosystems is increasing or decreasing with time as CO 2 concentrations are rising, the climate warming and rainfall experiences booms busts, remains an unanswered question in field global change biology. To answer this question, we measured carbon dioxide exchange over under oak savanna grassland Mediterranean California, USA, from 2001 through 2019 eddy covariance method; during 19‐year period, rose 40 ppm, air temperature increased by 1°C ranged between 133 890 mm/year. No temporal trend water use efficiency was observed duration. Many competing positive negative feedbacks among stomatal sensitivity to concentrations, soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit, impact on saturation access groundwater muted response its changing world when integrated ecosystem scale steps. At intra‐annual scale, found that plants transmit information moisture status their influence deficit atmospheric boundary layer. The inter‐annual variations evaporative were relatively decoupled busts rainfall. Instead, length growing season explained much year‐to‐year variation evapotranspiration. may make these more robust a warmer world, than previously thought. This emergent property needs better consideration coupled climate‐ecosystem models.

Язык: Английский

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