The significance of biofilms to human, animal, plant and ecosystem health

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(2), С. 294 - 313

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Abstract Biofilms are matrix‐enclosed communities that represent the most dominant and active mode of microbial life on Earth. Because biofilms inherently more productive than any equivalent planktonic community, they great relevance to all environments inhabit. However, their existence importance still poorly known by general public, conservation practitioners environmental policymakers. Most micro‐organisms multicellular organisms (including humans, animals plants) occur in form true or biofilm‐like structures play vital roles development, physiology immunity. Conversely, some can have a negative effect host health. growing non‐biological surfaces essential components many terrestrial marine ecosystems: basis food webs ensure nutrient cycling bioremediation natural systems. promote persistence human pathogens, produce harmful toxins, foul corrode man‐made settings; which significant health economic implications. There is knowledge gap about epidemiology wildlife emerging infectious diseases, yet these pose major threat public health, biodiversity sustainability. The drivers global change affect biofilm structure functions. consequences for ecosystem are, however, understood. While concept healthy microbiome (as opposed dysbiosis) medicine biology, remains be defined sciences. Here, we use an integrative approach (a) review current biological interfaces ecosystems, (b) provide future research directions address identified gaps. Giving life‐form its full will help understand effects and, turn, human, animal, plant

Язык: Английский

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Coevolutionary legacies for plant decomposition

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 38(1), С. 44 - 54

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Direct and indirect effects of fire on microbial communities in a pyrodiverse dry‐sclerophyll forest

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(7), С. 1687 - 1703

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2022

Abstract Fire is one of the predominant drivers structural and functional dynamics forest ecosystems. In recent years, novel fire regimes have posed a major challenge to management pyrodiverse forests. While previous research efforts focused on quantifying impacts above‐ground biodiversity, how microbial communities respond less understood, despite their significance. Here, we describe effects time since fire, frequency interaction soil leaf litter fungal bacterial from pyrodiverse, Eucalyptus pilularis forests south‐eastern Australia. Using equation models, also elucidate can influence these both directly indirectly through biotic–abiotic interactions. Our results demonstrate that key driver communities, with most pronounced for communities. Notably, recently burnt hosted lower abundances symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi Acidobacteria in soil, basidiomycetous Actinobacteriota litter. Compared low frequencies, high increased plant pathogens, but reduced Actinobacteriota. The majority were mediated by fire‐induced changes abiotic properties. For instance, more frequent was associated sulphur, which led an increase pathogens saprotrophic sites. Pathogenic had frequency, decline carbon pH Synthesis . findings indicate predicted increases may select specific ecological interactions, implications plants (increase decrease symbionts), decomposition rates (declines Acidobacteriota) storage (decrease fungi). face shifts wildfire regimes, exacerbate adaptive monitoring required address potential fire‐altered

Язык: Английский

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The structure of root‐associated fungal communities is related to the long‐term effects of plant diversity on productivity

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(13), С. 3763 - 3777

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Abstract Root‐associated fungi could play a role in determining both the positive relationship between plant diversity and productivity experimental grasslands, its strengthening over time. This hypothesis assumes that specialized pathogenic mutualistic fungal communities gradually assemble time, enhancing growth more species‐rich than species‐poor plots. To test this hypothesis, we used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to characterize root‐associated grasslands of 1 15 years age with varying levels species richness. Specifically, tested whether richness becomes stronger Our results showed increased diversity, but weakened rather strengthened two time points. Contrastingly, community composition increasing associations suggesting gradual build‐up specific assemblages. Analyses different guilds these changes were particularly marked fungi, whose shifts relative abundance are consistent pathogen dilution diverse communities. suggest pathogens roles diversity–productivity other symbionts.

Язык: Английский

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Linking nematode trophic diversity to plantation identity and soil nutrient cycling

Geoderma, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 448, С. 116945 - 116945

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Tree diversity effects on litter decomposition are mediated by litterfall and microbial processes

Oikos, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2023(10)

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023

Forest ecosystems are critical for their carbon sequestration potential. Increasing tree diversity has been shown to enhance both forest productivity and litter decomposition. Litter increases decomposability by increasing the of substrates offered decomposers. However, relative importance decomposer community in mediating effects on decomposition remains unknown. Moreover, modulation litterfall spatial distribution, consequently decomposition, rarely tested. We studied leaf its mediation amount litterfall, species richness decomposability, soil microorganisms a large‐scale experiment subtropical China. Furthermore, we examined how functional identity affect decomposability. Finally, tested traits, biomass, structure drive distribution. found evidence that increased litterfall. showed this perform 84–87% changes microbial explained 19–37% variance. Additionally, up 20% variance was while itself determined identity, diversity, richness. Tree (+200% from monoculture eight‐species neighborhood). further demonstrated species‐specific with proximity modulated traits. These drivers heterogeneity thus highlighted multiple biomass‐ diversity‐mediated ecosystem properties driving nutrient cycling. conclude considering variability biotic will improve our mechanistic understanding functioning.

Язык: Английский

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High functional breadth of microbial communities decreases home-field advantage of litter decomposition

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 188, С. 109232 - 109232

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Home‐field advantage, N‐priming and precipitation independently govern litter decomposition in a plant diversity manipulation

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(4), С. 820 - 831

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Abstract Litter decomposition facilitates the recycling of often limiting resources, which may promote plant productivity responses to diversity, that is, overyielding. However, direct relationship between decomposition, k , and overyielding remains underexplored in grassland diversity manipulations. We test whether local adaptation microbes, home‐field advantage (HFA), N‐priming from inputs or precipitation drive generates Within a diversity‐manipulation, altering richness (1, 2, 3 6 species), composition (communities composed plants single‐family multiple‐families) (50% 150% ambient growing season precipitation), we conducted litter experiment. In spring 2020, deployed four replicate switchgrass, Panicum virgatum bags (1.59 mm mesh opening), collecting them over 7 months estimate . Precipitation was strong, independent driver decomposition. Switchgrass accelerated with grass decelerated as phylogenetic dissimilarity switchgrass increased, suggesting is fastest at ‘home’. slowed density. plots contained observed no fungal saprotroph switchgrass. without increasing Combined these findings suggest HFA strongest when closely related neighbours, heterospecific are present community, rather than other individuals same species, conspecifics. Legumes more N remaining those plots, N‐inputs planted legumes priming C. were unrelated legume communities. While communities, positively low densities neighbours. species community stimulate through multiple mechanisms, including N‐priming, but only microbes on correlates overyielding, likely resource recycling. Our results link ecosystem processes facilitating above‐ground productivity. Whether loss will affect both contingent resident traits locally adapted soil microbiome maintained. Read free Plain Language Summary for this article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Soil microbial identity explains home‐field advantage for litter decomposition

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(6), С. 2146 - 2156

Опубликована: Май 12, 2024

Unraveling the mechanisms of home-field advantage (HFA) is essential to gain a complete understanding litter decomposition processes. However, knowledge relationships between HFA effects and microbial communities lacking. To examine on decomposition, we identified conducted reciprocal transplant experiment, including all possible combinations soil litter, sites at two elevations in cool-temperate forests. Soil origin, rather than HFA, was an important factor controlling Microbiome-wide association analyses fungi bacteria specific source soil, which completely differed low taxonomic level types. The relative abundance these microbes positively correlated with mass loss. results indicated that unique plant through plant-soil linkages drive In short term, disturbances resulting from land-use changes have potential disrupt effect origin hinder advancement decomposition. These findings contribute impacts change processes forest ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Soil fungal and bacterial communities reflect differently tundra vegetation state transitions and soil physico‐chemical properties

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(1), С. 407 - 422

Опубликована: Май 15, 2024

Summary Strong disturbances may induce ecosystem transitions into new alternative states that sustain through plant–soil interactions, such as the transition of dwarf shrub‐dominated graminoid‐dominated vegetation by herbivory in tundra. Little evidence exists on soil microbial communities states, and along slow process return predisturbance state. We analysed vegetation, activities well physico‐chemical properties historical reindeer enclosures northernmost Finland following plot types: control heaths surrounding tundra; graminoid‐dominated; ‘shifting’; recovered inside enclosures. Soil fungal followed changes whereas bacterial were more affected properties. Graminoid plots characterized moulds, pathotrophs dark septate endophytes. Ericoid mycorrhizal saprotrophic fungi typical for plots. showed contingency, their spatial variation was high despite being homogeneous. Self‐maintaining feedback loops between plant functional types, communities, carbon nutrient mineralization act effectively to stabilize but once reestablishes itself, back towards

Язык: Английский

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