Cone allometry and seed protection from fire are similar in serotinous and nonserotinous conifers

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(1), С. 93 - 106

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

Summary Serotiny is an adaptive trait that allows certain woody plants to persist in stand‐replacing fire regimes. However, the mechanisms by which serotinous cones avoid seed necrosis and nonserotinous species landscapes with short cycles competitors remain poorly understood. To investigate whether ovulate cone traits enhance survival differ between species, we examined 24 within Pinaceae Cupressaceae based on physical measurements heating simulations using a computational fluid dynamics model. Fire‐relevant were largely similar types; those differed (e.g. density moisture) conferred little advantage under simulated fire. The most important influencing size depth cone, was found be allometric function of mass for both types. Thus, should not suffer significantly greater than equal size. Closed containing mature seeds may achieve substantial regeneration after if they are sufficiently large relative duration temperature. our knowledge, this comprehensive study effects fire‐relevant conifer supported physics‐based simulation.

Язык: Английский

---

The Effects of Crown Scorch on Post-fire Delayed Mortality Are Modified by Drought Exposure in California (USA)

Fire, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(1), С. 21 - 21

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022

Accurately predicting the mortality of trees that initially survive a fire event is important for management, such as planning post-fire salvage, planting, and prescribed fires. Although crown scorch has been successfully used to predict (greater than one-year post-fire), it remains unclear whether other first-order effect metrics (e.g., stem char) information on growing conditions can improve predictions. Droughts also elevate may interact, synergistically, with effects influence tree survival. We logistic regression test drought exposure, indicated by summarized monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) over ten-years could predictions delayed (4–9 years post-fire) at individual level in fire-affected forest inventory analysis (FIA) plots California (USA). included scorch, bark thickness, char, soil slope, aspect model predictors. selected six most prevalent species include model: canyon live oak, Douglas-fir, Jeffrey pine, incense-cedar, ponderosa white fir. Mean mortality, based count, across all FIA was 17%, overall accuracy good (AUC = 79%). Our performed well, correctly survivor (sensitivity 0.98) but had difficulty smaller number (specificity 0.27) standard probability=0.5 threshold. Crown influential predictor mortality. Increasing associated greater risk species, exhibiting 75% having probability dying exceeded 0.5. levels char (first order indicators) were increasing less scorch. expected exposure would increase we found (median minimum PDSI) modest decrease However, did find high likely PDSI). Delayed decreased terrain slope increased. Taken together, our results suggest substantial damage be more vulnerable if exposed an effective up 10 post-fire.

Язык: Английский

---

Rapid ecological data collection from 360‐degree imagery using visualisation and immersive sampling in the R pannotator package

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Abstract With rapid environmental change occurring globally there is an urgent need for new field survey methods that enable fast and efficient collection of ecological information from impacted systems. Advances in 360‐degree (panospheric) camera technology now allow the geospatially explicit visual records properties far more cheaply, quickly efficiently than traditional methods. However, generalisable workflows software platforms to manage, extract, process use large panospheric image datasets are still lacking. Here we develop a flexible, integrative workflow acquisition, preparation extraction macroscopic data imagery. We introduce open‐source R package Panospheric Image Annotator (pannotator), which allows user visualise annotate images extract cropped geocoded sub‐images repeatable, systematic way using customisable drop‐down menus help files. demonstrate pannotator panoramic collected study area at Uluṟu‐Kata Tjuṯa National Park central Australia, was affected by severe drought fire 2018–2020. In this study, 180 were captured GoPro Max cameras imported into annotation. extracted three key attributes (plant species distribution, understorey cover tree health) show how these can be used spatially reconstruct richness community structure, plant size class, mortality burn history. Modern immersive sampling offer transformative solution capturing extracting biogeographical surveys. More generally, may any georeferenced imagery generate with embedded geolocation downstream artificial intelligence/machine learning–based applications.

Язык: Английский

---

Vegetation–fuel–fire feedbacks in patches of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) regeneration

Fire Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

The Role of Urban Vegetation in Mitigating Fire Risk Under Climate Change: A Review

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(6), С. 2680 - 2680

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

The confluence of global warming, the urban heat island effect, and alterations in nature underlying surfaces has led to a continuous escalation frequency, scale, intensity fires within green spaces. Mitigating or eliminating adverse effects such on service functions ecosystems, while enhancing resilience greening systems disaster prevention risk reduction, become pivotal challenge modern development management. Academic focus progressively broadened from isolated forest domains encompass more intricate environments Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) urban–suburban forests, with particular emphasis distinctive characteristics in-depth research. This study employs combination CiteSpace bibliometric analysis narrative literature review comprehensively examine three critical aspects fire safety as follows: (1) evaluation fire-resistant performance landscape plants spaces; (2) mechanisms behavior systems; (3) assessment prediction risks. Our findings indicate that play crucial role controlling spread spaces by providing physical barriers inhibiting combustion processes, thereby mitigating propagation. However, diversity non-native greenery species present challenges. existing research lacks standardized experimental indicators often focuses single-dimensional analyses, leading conclusions are limited, inconsistent, even contradictory. Furthermore, most current models designed primarily for forests wildland–urban interface regions. Empirical semi-empirical dominate this field, yet future advancements will likely involve coupled integrate climate environmental factors. Fire represent hotspot, machine learning- deep learning-based approaches increasingly gaining prominence. These advanced methods have demonstrated superior accuracy compared traditional techniques predicting synthesis aims elucidate state, trends, deficiencies Future should explore screening highly resistant plants, goal bolstering ecological theoretical underpinnings realization sustainable security.

Язык: Английский

---

Integrating fire predisposition assessment into decision support systems for mountain forest management

MethodsX, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14, С. 103332 - 103332

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Longleaf and shortleaf pine seedling fire tolerance is more sensitive to shade than encroaching hardwood species

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 589, С. 122782 - 122782

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Fire directly affects tree carbon balance and indirectly affects hydraulic function: consequences for post‐fire mortality in two conifers

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 21, 2025

Summary The mechanistic links between fire‐caused injuries and post‐fire tree mortality are poorly understood. Current hypotheses differentiate effects of fire on carbon balance hydraulic function, yet critical uncertainties remain about the relative importance each how they interact. We utilize two prescribed burns with Douglas‐fir ponderosa pine to examine: evidence for changes in function dynamics, such impacts relate injuries; which most likely lead mortality; these vary by species burn timing (fall vs spring). find that non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) immediate, persistent, correlated crown injury severity, strongly related mortality. By contrast, delayed not directly attributable injuries, although some burned trees do exhibit signs increased dysfunction water stress before death. This suggests may indirectly affect relations, possibly through an interaction direct NSC. These findings offer a more nuanced understanding fire's effect important context activity forests globally.

Язык: Английский

---

A cellular necrosis process model for estimating conifer crown scorch

Ecological Modelling, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 507, С. 111192 - 111192

Опубликована: Май 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Trait phenology and fire seasonality co‐drive seasonal variation in fire effects on tree crowns

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(5), С. 1654 - 1663

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2022

The plume of hot gases rising above a wildfire can heat and kill the buds in tree crowns. This reduce leaf area rates photosynthesis, growth, reproduction, may ultimately lead to mortality. These effects vary seasonally, but mechanisms governing this seasonality are not well understood. A trait-based physical model combining buoyant energy budget theories shows bud necrosis height originate from temporal variation climate, fire behaviour, and/or functional traits. To assess relative importance these drivers, we parameterized with time-series data for air temperature, fireline intensity, traits Pinus contorta, Picea glauca, Populus tremuloides. Air all varied significantly through time, causing significant seasonal predicted height. Bud intensity explained almost height, temperature explaining relatively minor amounts variation. on crowns appears behaviour. Our approach results provide needed insight into linking environmental plant performance via

Язык: Английский

---