Leaf economics fundamentals explained by optimality principles

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

The life span of leaves increases with their mass per unit area (LMA). It is unclear why. Here, we show that this empirical generalization (the foundation the worldwide leaf economics spectrum) a consequence natural selection, maximizing average net carbon gain over cycle. Analyzing two large trait datasets, evergreen and deciduous species diverse construction costs (assumed proportional to LMA) are selected by light, temperature, growing-season length in different, but predictable, ways. We quantitatively explain observed divergent latitudinal trends LMA how local distributions arise selection under different environmental conditions acting on pool. These results illustrate optimality principles can underpin new theory for plant geography terrestrial dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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The global biomass and number of terrestrial arthropods

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

Insects and other arthropods are central to terrestrial ecosystems. However, data lacking regarding their global population abundance. We synthesized thousands of evaluations from around 500 sites worldwide, estimating the absolute biomass abundance across different taxa habitats. found that there ≈1 × 1019 (twofold uncertainty range) soil on Earth, ≈95% which mites springtails. The contains ≈200 million metric tons (Mt) dry biomass. Termites contribute ≈40% biomass, much more than ants at ≈10%. Our estimate for above-ground is uncertain, highlighting a knowledge gap future research should aim close. combined all ≈300 Mt (uncertainty range, 100 500), similar mass humanity its livestock. These estimates enhance quantitative understanding in ecosystems provide an initial holistic benchmark decline.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond source and sink control – toward an integrated approach to understand the carbon balance in plants

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(3), С. 858 - 869

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

Summary A conceptual understanding on how the vegetation's carbon (C) balance is determined by source activity and sink demand important to predict its C uptake sequestration potential now in future. We have gathered trajectories of photosynthesis growth as a function environmental conditions described literature compared them with current concepts control. There no clear evidence for pure or control balance, which contradicts recent hypotheses. Using model scenarios, we show legacy effects via structural functional traits antecedent can alter plant's balance. We, thus, combined concept short‐term source–sink coordination long‐term environmentally driven that dynamically acclimate over time. These acclimated feedback sensitivity thus change plant physiological responses conditions. postulate whole C‐coordination system primarily stomatal optimization avoid mismatch. Therefore, anticipate forest ecosystems under future climate will largely follow optimality principles water resources maximize long term.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental versus phylogenetic controls on leaf nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in vascular plants

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

Abstract Global patterns of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry have been interpreted as reflecting phenotypic plasticity in response to the environment, or an overriding effect distribution species growing their biogeochemical niches. Here, we balance these contrasting views. We compile a global dataset 36,413 paired observations N P concentrations, taxonomy 45 environmental covariates, covering 7,549 sites 3,700 species, investigate how identity variables control variations mass-based N:P ratio. find within-species variation contributes around half total variation, with 29%, 31%, 22% N, P, respectively, explained by variables. Within-species along gradients varies across is highest for lowest N. identified effects on using random forest models, whereas were largely missed widely used linear mixed-effect models. Our analysis demonstrates substantial influence environment driving plastic responses within which challenges reports fixed niche importance distributions shaping P.

Язык: Английский

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Leaf nitrogen from the perspective of optimal plant function

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(11), С. 2585 - 2602

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2022

Leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), carboxylation capacity (

Язык: Английский

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Soil nitrogen fertilization reduces relative leaf nitrogen allocation to photosynthesis

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74(17), С. 5166 - 5180

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Abstract The connection between soil nitrogen availability, leaf nitrogen, and photosynthetic capacity is not perfectly understood. Because these three components tend to be positively related over large spatial scales, some posit that drives which capacity. Alternatively, others primarily driven by above-ground conditions. Here, we examined the physiological responses of a non-nitrogen-fixing plant (Gossypium hirsutum) nitrogen-fixing (Glycine max) in fully factorial combination light availability help reconcile competing hypotheses. Soil stimulated both species, but relative proportion used for processes was reduced under elevated all treatments due greater increases content than chlorophyll biochemical process rates. Leaf rates G. hirsutum were more responsive changes those max, probably strong max investments root nodulation low nitrogen. Nonetheless, whole-plant growth significantly enhanced increased species. Light consistently allocation photosynthesis growth, pattern similar These results suggest nitrogen–photosynthesis relationship varies different levels species preferentially allocated non-photosynthetic processes, rather photosynthesis, as increased.

Язык: Английский

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Principles for satellite monitoring of vegetation carbon uptake

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(11), С. 818 - 832

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Reduced global plant respiration due to the acclimation of leaf dark respiration coupled with photosynthesis

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 241(2), С. 578 - 591

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2023

Summary Leaf dark respiration ( R d ) acclimates to environmental changes. However, the magnitude, controls and time scales of acclimation remain unclear are inconsistently treated in ecosystem models. We hypothesized that Rubisco carboxylation capacity V cmax at 25°C d,25 , cmax,25 coordinated so variations support a level allowing full light use, with reflecting daytime conditions (for photosynthesis), / night‐time starch degradation sucrose export). tested this hypothesis temporally using 5‐yr warming experiment, spatially an extensive field‐measurement data set. compared results three published alternatives: declines linearly daily average prior temperature; night temperatures tends towards constant value; is constant. Our accounted for more variation observed over 2 = 0.74) space 0.68) than alternatives. Night‐time temperature dominated seasonal time‐course apparent response scale c. wk. spatial patterns. smaller increase global rising CO projected by two alternative hypotheses, current

Язык: Английский

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Enhanced leaf turnover and nitrogen recycling sustain CO2 fertilization effect on tree-ring growth

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 6(9), С. 1271 - 1278

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Global leaf‐trait mapping based on optimality theory

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(7), С. 1152 - 1162

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023

Abstract Aim Leaf traits are central to plant function, and key variables in ecosystem models. However recently published global trait maps, made by applying statistical or machine‐learning techniques large compilations of environmental data, differ substantially from one another. This paper aims demonstrate the potential an alternative approach, based on eco‐evolutionary optimality theory, yield predictions spatio‐temporal patterns leaf that can be independently evaluated. Innovation Global community‐mean specific area (SLA) photosynthetic capacity ( V cmax ) predicted climate via existing Then nitrogen per unit N mass inferred using their (previously derived) empirical relationships SLA . Trait data thus reserved for testing model across sites. Temporal trends also predicted, as consequences change, compared those leaf‐level measurements and/or remote‐sensing methods, which increasingly important source information variation traits. Main conclusions Model evaluated against site‐mean > 2,000 sites Plant database yielded R 2 = 73% SLA, 38% 28% Declining species‐level , increasing community‐level have both been reported were correctly predicted. Leaf‐trait mapping theory holds promise macroecological applications, including improved understanding community leaf‐trait responses change.

Язык: Английский

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