Eurasian drylands are both evolutionary cradles and museums of Nitrariaceae diversity

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 51(8), С. 1387 - 1399

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Abstract Aim Drylands cover about 41% of Earth's land surface and are home to fragile biota with high levels endemism. Two hypothetical models, i.e., cradle museum, have been proposed account for present‐day species diversity in an ecoregion or biome. We investigated macroevolutionary patterns test these two different models Nitrariaceae, a characteristic component the Eurasian dryland ecosystem. also used this family explore intercontinental disjunct distribution pattern between deserts Eurasia western North America, known as Madrean–Tethyan disjunction. Location Northern Hemisphere. Taxon Nitrariaceae (Sapindales, Angiosperms). Method sampled all 16 currently recognized extant 59 from eight other families Sapindales. A fossil‐calibrated phylogeny was generated using 12 fossil constraints. The ancestral range climate niche were reconstructed, diversification rates estimated. Results most recent common ancestor likely inhabited arid habitats low rainfall temperate zone Late Cretaceous, which geographically corresponds Central Asia. American Peganum mexicanum split its Asian sister group at approximately 39 Ma. Net experienced significant increase around 11 Within Sapindales, least seven originated markedly prior Miocene. Main Conclusions Atlantic bridge global cooling Eocene might driven formation Asia America. Cretaceous exhibited long‐term conservatism, but rapid late Miocene response orogenetic climatic changes. These findings suggest that drylands serve both evolutionary cradles museums arid‐adapted lineages.

Язык: Английский

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Is it all Phacelia pinnatifida? Molecular delimitations and taxonomic revision of Phacelia sect. Glandulosae in South America based on ddRADseq

Taxon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

Abstract Phacelia sect. Glandulosae , with ca. 62 taxa, is the most diverse of 11 sections genus (Hydrophyllaceae). The family largely restricted to North and Central America, but has an amphitropical distribution nine species reported from western South five which have been assigned P . These are found in arid semi‐arid Andean habitats between 1000 5000 m a.s.l. Species delimitation long confounded for this plant group America by some degree taxonomic chaos – lack typifications, dozens synonyms, different names used same taxon countries poor representation molecular phylogenies. Here, we try improve our understanding employing a ddRADseq strategy investigate phylogenetic relationships all American representatives based on total 33 sampled specimens. Both maximum likelihood tree inference analyses data resulted well‐resolved topology. All currently recognized form highly supported monophylum including P. nana previously considered as belonging Euglypta However, morphospecies clade very short branch lengths indicating coalescence processes at level population, except artemisioides clearly sister rest. Additionally, ecotypes retrieved poly‐ and/or paraphyletic. Based these results re‐evaluation morphological characters traditionally delineate within argue that limited diagnostic value. We recommend recognizing only two section: polymorphic pinnatifida its closely related A revised formal taxonomy provided.

Язык: Английский

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Speciation and evolution of growth form in Adesmia D. C. (Dalbergieae, Fabaceae): the relevance of Andean uplift and aridification

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

The Andean uplift and the concomitant aridification drove rapid diversification of several plant lineages that were able to colonize warmer drier habitats at low elevations wetter colder high elevations. These transitions may be facilitated by shifts in strategies cope with drought cold, which turn can trigger episodes accelerated species diversification. Here, we used four nuclear DNA markers infer phylogenetic relationships 80 Adesmia annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs small occur Chile Argentina. We reconstructed ancestral states for area, climatic niche growth form explore how promoted also performed logistic linear regression analyses between different components (life span, woodiness height) climate. Finally, estimated speciation rates across phylogeny. Our results suggest ancestor Chilean was a herb probably originated Andes northern central Chile. Central colonized late Miocene, whereas latitudes Patagonia hyperarid coastal Atacama Desert repeatedly since Pliocene forms. Multiple bidirectional annual habits herbaceous woody detected. not correlated climate, suggesting forms are alternative successful survive unfavorable seasons both desert Andes. Net analysis indicated constant rate diversification, diversity is due uniform process rather than speciation.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic diversity of the Atacama Desert shrubHuidobria chilensisin the context of geography and climate

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023

Abstract Survival in hyperarid deserts is a major challenge for plant life, requiring the development of evolutionary strategies. The Atacama Desert presents harsh conditions such as limited rainfall, crusted soils, high soil salinity, altitude, and intense solar radiation. These conditions, together with paleoclimatic variability since past millions years, have influenced genetic structure connectivity populations, resulting diverse flora endemism. However, diversification most lineages appears to be relatively recent, contrast proposed age onset, evolution expansion Late Oligocene Early Miocene. A prominent exception paleoendemic Huidobria chilensis (Loasaceae), which thought adapted Eocene. Still, environmental limits thresholds life remain poorly understood. To investigate relation history Desert, we studied 186 individuals from 11 populations using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed population diversity. We identified three clusters corresponding geographic regions: coastal region south Tocopilla, Coastal Cordillera around Chañaral, Copiapó watershed south. well diversity alongside landscape data. Although data generally supports isolation by distance factor variation between study also reveals influence topography on distribution H. highlights role hydrologically connected watersheds rivers migration colonization. This shapes species’ trajectory Understanding these patterns provides insights into adaptation survival strategies plants extreme desert environments Atacama.

Язык: Английский

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Genome-wide SNP data reveal recent population structure ofHuidobria fruticosa(Loasaceae), a paleo-endemic lineage from the Atacama Desert

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2023

ABSTRACT The Atacama Desert is a biodiversity hotspot of neo-endemic radiation, where long-term aridity and complex physiographic processes create unique environmental setting. Current species assemblages are mainly concentrated in highly patchy loma formations, plant populations occurring these often geographically isolated from each other. Despite general consensus on the Atacama, climatological geological evidence points to repeated climate change, making an ideal system for studying population genetic unstable habitats. We analyzing structure within between Huidobria fruticosa , paleo-endemic lineage Desert, shed new light its biogeographic history broaden our understanding evolution life extreme aridity, as well response changing environment. To do this, we analyzed SNP data genotyping-by-sequencing 354 individuals 21 populations. Our results suggest that, despite being ancient lineage, current only reflects abiotic conditions over last 2 million years. therefore conclude that present distribution, together with evolutionary documented here, result climatic fluctuations prolonged periods hyperaridity during Pleistocene. Building this understanding, findings contribute global narrative highlights interplay change dynamics, emphasize importance deserts living laboratories deciphering how have historically adapted some most habitats Earth.

Язык: Английский

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