The global distribution of plants used by humans

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 383(6680), С. 293 - 297

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Plants sustain human life. Understanding geographic patterns of the diversity species used by people is thus essential for sustainable management plant resources. Here, we investigate global distribution 35,687 utilized spanning 10 use categories (e.g., food, medicine, material). Our findings indicate general concordance between and total diversity, supporting potential simultaneously conserving its contributions to people. Although Indigenous lands across Mesoamerica, Horn Africa, Southern Asia harbor a disproportionate plants, incidence protected areas negatively correlated with richness. Finding mechanisms preserve containing concentrations plants traditional knowledge must become priority implementation Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Язык: Английский

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Historical impacts of grazing on carbon stocks and climate mitigation opportunities

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(4), С. 380 - 386

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Global patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of flowering plants: Biodiversity hotspots and coldspots

Plant Diversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 45(3), С. 265 - 271

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2023

Species diversity of angiosperms (flowering plants) varies greatly among regions. Geographic patterns variation in species are shaped by the interplay ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, using a comprehensive data set for regional angiosperm floras across world, we show geographic taxonomic (species) diversity, phylogenetic dispersion, deviation (i.e., after accounting diversity) world. Phylogenetic is strongly positively correlated with diversity; as result, world highly similar. Areas high located tropical regions whereas areas low temperate regions, particularly Eurasia North America, northern Africa. Similarly, dispersion is, general, higher lower However, pattern differs substantially from those dispersion. As hotspots coldspots identified based on incongruent deviations. Each these metrics may be considered when selecting to protected their biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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The contribution of plant life and growth forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240(4), С. 1548 - 1560

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023

Plant life and growth forms (shortened to 'plant forms') represent key functional strategies of plants in relation their environment provide important insights into the ecological constraints acting on distribution biodiversity. Despite importance, how spectra plant contribute global gradients diversity is unresolved. Using a novel dataset comprising > 295 000 species, we quantify contribution different vascular diversity. Furthermore, establish form distributions biogeographical regions are associated with contemporary paleoclimate conditions, environmental heterogeneity phylogeny. We find major shift representation woody perennials tropical latitudes herb-dominated floras temperate boreal regions, following sharp latitudinal gradient from tropics poles. also significant differences between mirroring responses which mostly explained by climate (18-87%), phylogeny (6-62%), playing lesser role (< 23%). This research highlights variation importance world-wide, shedding light evolutionary pressures constraining plant-trait distributions.

Язык: Английский

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Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(48)

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering management this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate distributions drivers different levels taxonomic phylogenetic fungi their ecological groups. We show impact precipitation temperature interactions on local species richness (alpha diversity) climates. Our findings reveal how drives compositional turnover (beta diversity, linking them with regional (gamma diversity). integrate into principles global biodiversity distribution present detailed maps for conservation modeling processes.

Язык: Английский

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Climatic stability and geological history shape global centers of neo- and paleoendemism in seed plants

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(30)

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

Assessing the distribution of geographically restricted and evolutionarily unique species their underlying drivers is key to understanding biogeographical processes critical for global conservation prioritization. Here, we quantified geographic phylogenetic endemism ~320,000 seed plants worldwide identified centers young (neoendemism) old (paleoendemism). Tropical subtropical islands as well tropical mountain regions displayed world's highest endemism. Most rainforest emerged paleoendemism, while most Mediterranean-climate showed high neoendemism. Centers where neo- paleoendemism coincide on some oceanic continental fragment islands, in parts Irano-Turanian floristic region. Global variation was explained by a combination past present environmental factors (79.8 87.7% variance explained) strongly related heterogeneity. Also, warm wet climates, isolation, long-term climatic stability Neo- were jointly geological history. Long-term promoted persistence paleoendemics, isolation histories Mountainous both reflecting diversification over time. Our study provides insights into evolutionary underpinnings patterns identifies areas Earth with uniqueness-key information setting priorities.

Язык: Английский

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Plant diversity darkspots for global collection priorities

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 244(2), С. 719 - 733

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024

Summary More than 15% of all vascular plant species may remain scientifically undescribed, and many the > 350 000 described have no or few geographic records documenting their distribution. Identifying understanding taxonomic knowledge shortfalls is key to prioritising future collection conservation efforts. Using extensive data for 343 523 time‐to‐event analyses, we conducted multiple tests related shortfalls, identified 33 global diversity darkspots (those ‘botanical countries’ predicted contain most undescribed not yet recorded species). We defined priority regions according several socio‐economic environmental scenarios. Most are found within biodiversity hotspots, with exception New Guinea. identify Colombia, Myanmar, Guinea, Peru, Philippines Turkey as priorities under conditions considered. Our study provides a flexible framework help accelerate documentation implementation actions. As digitisation world's herbaria progresses, soon be identifiable at finer scales.

Язык: Английский

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Islands are key for protecting the world’s plant endemism

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 634(8035), С. 868 - 874

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Effects of climate and environmental heterogeneity on the phylogenetic structure of regional angiosperm floras worldwide

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Abstract The tendency of species to retain ancestral ecological distributions (phylogenetic niche conservatism) is thought influence which from a pool can persist in particular environment. Thus, investigating the relationships between measures phylogenetic structure and environmental variables at global scale help understand variation richness biological assemblages across world. Here, we analyze comprehensive data set including 341,846 391 angiosperm floras worldwide explore for angiosperms regional world each individual continental (biogeographic) regions. We find that shows clear meaningful with factors. Current climatic have highest predictive power, especially on metrics reflecting recent evolutionary are also related current heterogeneity, presumably because this favors plant speciation various ways. evidence past conditions, particularly refugial play an important role determining floras. conditions differ continents, different histories their

Язык: Английский

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Multiple drivers of functional diversity in temperate forest understories: Climate, soil, and forest structure effects

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 916, С. 170258 - 170258

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

In macroecology, shifting from coarse- to local-scale explanatory factors is crucial for understanding how global change impacts functional diversity (FD). Plants possess diverse traits allowing them differentially respond across a spectrum of environmental conditions. We aim assess macro- microclimate, stand-scale measured soil properties, forest structure, and management type, influence understorey FD at the macroecological scale. Our study covers Italian forests, using thirteen predictors categorized into climate, soil, management. analyzed five (i.e., specific leaf area, plant size, seed mass, belowground bud bank clonal lateral spread) capturing independent dimensions calculate standardized effect size (SES-FD) all (multi-trait) single traits. Multiple regression models were applied on SES-FD. revealed that structure significantly drive SES-FD bank. Forest had limited only. However, differences emerged between herbaceous woody growth forms layer, with species mainly responding climate features, while affected by structure. Future warmer more seasonal could reduce resource economics, persistence strategies understorey. Soil eutrophication acidification may impact regeneration strategies; canopy closure affects above- traits, larger species. Multifunctional approaches are vital disentangle changes since specialization axes modulated different drivers.

Язык: Английский

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