Herbarium specimens reveal links between leaf shape of Capsella bursa‐pastoris and climate

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 111(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Abstract Premise Studies into the evolution and development of leaf shape have connected variation in plant form, function, fitness. For species with consistent margin features, patterns architecture are related to both biotic abiotic factors. However, for inconsistent shapes, quantifying effects environmental factors on has proven challenging. Methods To investigate a inconsistently shaped leaves, we used geometric morphometric modeling deterministic techniques analyze approximately 500 digitized specimens Capsella bursa‐pastoris collected throughout continental United States over 100 years. We generated morphospace shapes modeled as function environment time. Results Leaf C. was strongly associated temperature its growing season, lobing decreasing increased. While expected see changes time, our results show that level Conclusions Our findings showed can be quantified using is main factor influencing variation.

Язык: Английский

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Within population plastic responses to combined thermal-nutritional stress differ from those in response to single stressors, and are genetically independent across traits in both males and females

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(6), С. 717 - 731

Опубликована: Май 17, 2024

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity helps animals to buffer the effects of increasing thermal and nutritional stress created by climate change. Plastic responses single combined stressors can vary among genetically diverged populations. However, less is known about how in response varies individuals within a population or whether such variation changes across life-history traits. This important because individual populations shapes population-level environmental Here, we used isogenic lines Drosophila melanogaster assess egg-to-adult viability sex-specific body size for combinations 2 temperatures (25 °C 28 °C) 3 diets (standard diet, low caloric protein:carbohydrate ratio diet). Our results reveal substantial within-population genetic wing thermal-nutritional stress. was result cross-environment correlations that were often < 1 both traits, as well expression environments viability. Cross-sex weaker when sexes reared different conditions, suggesting basis traits may change with environment. Furthermore, our suggest independent from size. Importantly, diet temperature individually differed plastic shifts combination. By quantifying variance study reveals complexity animal change, need more nuanced understanding potential adapt ongoing

Язык: Английский

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Is adaptation associated with long-term persistence beyond a geographic range limit?

Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 78(9), С. 1527 - 1538

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Abstract Adaptation to new habitats might facilitate species’ range shifts in response climate change. In 2005, we transplanted experimental populations of coastal dune plant Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia into 4 sites within and 1 site beyond its poleward limit. Beyond-range transplants had high fitness but often delayed reproduction. To test for adaptation associated with expansion, descendants from beyond- within-range after 10 generations situ 2 the range, at edge, range. We expected detect beyond-range conditions due substantial genetic variation environmental among sites. However, individuals were not fitter than those when planted either site, indicating no or environments general. also did suffer lower Although reproduction was again late favored more strongly delay descendants. Persistence may require adaptation, which could allow a rapid

Язык: Английский

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Patterns and effects of gene flow on adaptation across spatial scales: implications for management

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(6), С. 732 - 745

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Abstract Gene flow can have rapid effects on adaptation and is an important evolutionary tool available when undertaking biological conservation restoration. This underused partly because of the perceived risk outbreeding depression loss mean fitness different populations are crossed. In this article, we briefly review some theory empirical findings how genetic variation distributed across species ranges, describe known patterns gene in nature with respect to environmental gradients, highlight small or stressed challenging environments (e.g., at range limits). We then present a case study involving crosses varying spatial scales among mountain trigger plant (Stylidium armeria: Stylidiaceae) Australian Alps issues around be evaluated. found evidence seed production greater geographic distances. Nevertheless, no maladaptive likelihood germination, performance (size), variance, suggesting that all produces offspring high adaptive potential. demonstrates path evaluating increasing sources managed wild restored could identify bolster ability adapt future changes. suggest further ways which managers researchers act understand consider natural contexts under rapidly changing conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental effects on genetic variance are likely to constrain adaptation in novel environments

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2021

Abstract Adaptive plasticity allows populations to cope with environmental variation but is expected fail as conditions become unfamiliar. In novel conditions, may instead rely on rapid adaptation increase fitness and avoid extinction. Adaptation should be fastest when both selection occur in directions of the multivariate phenotype that contain abundant genetic variation. However, tests this prediction from field experiments are rare. Here, we quantify how additive variance a changes across an elevational gradient, test whether align We do so using two closely related, ecologically distinct, sister species Sicilian daisy ( Senecio, Asteraceae) adapted high low elevations Mount Etna. Using paternal half-sibling breeding design, generated then reciprocally planted c.19,000 seeds species, gradient spanning each species’ native elevation, quantified mortality five leaf traits emergent seedlings. found changed more than between species. The high-elevation at lower showed distribution among traits, which reduced amount phenotype. By contrast, low-elevation mainly was concentrated direction For trait contained moderate variance. Together, these data suggest where adaptive, for initially plastic response could promote adaptation. large effects likely reduce adaptive potential environments.

Язык: Английский

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Within population plastic responses to combined thermal-nutritional stress differ from those in response to single stressors, and are genetically independent across traits in both males and females

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity helps animals to buffer the effects of increasing thermal and nutritional stress created by climate change. Plastic responses single combined stressors can vary among genetically diverged populations. However, less is known about how in response varies individuals within a population or whether such variation changes across life-history traits. This important because individual populations shapes population-level environmental Here, we used isogenic lines Drosophila melanogaster assess egg-to-adult viability sex-specific body size for combinations two temperatures (25°C 28°C) three diets (standard diet, low caloric protein:carbohydrate ratio diet). Our results reveal substantial within-population genetic wing thermal-nutritional stress. was result cross-environment correlations that were often < 1 both traits, as well expression environments viability. Cross-sex weaker when sexes reared different conditions, suggesting basis traits may change with environment. Further, our suggest independent from size. Importantly, diet temperature individually differed plastic shifts combination. By quantifying variance study reveals complexity animal change, need more nuanced understanding potential adapt ongoing

Язык: Английский

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Climate-mediated hybridization and the future of Andean forests

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024

The tropical Andes face unprecedented warming and shifting precipitation patterns due to climate change land-use alteration, challenging the futures of Andean forests. During Quaternary, many trees responded through upslope migrations, but while there is evidence ongoing migrations in species, they are at rates far below what need remain equilibrium with current climate. Similarly, given number generations required for adaptation long life-spans trees, it unlikely that most species will be able adapt fast enough. This synthesis explores role migration induced secondary contact hybridization as potential mechanisms accelerating adaptive response Hybridization, historically underappreciated increasingly recognized an important driver speciation ecological diversity. It may facilitate gene flow introgression, providing novel genetic combinations enhance resilience change. process can generate new allelic diversity, allowing more rapidly than mutation alone. However, also lead negative outcomes like swamping outbreeding depression. Conservation strategies should consider benefits risks maintaining biodiversity under changing environmental conditions. As habitat fragmentation deforestation exacerbate challenges faced by these forests, preserving connectivity crucial flow, potentially aiding survival tree Anthropocene.

Язык: Английский

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Quantitative Genetics in Natural Populations

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Effect of plantation age on plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry in Kentucky bluegrass pastures

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

Plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry reflects the element content energy flow, which are important for biogeochemical cycling in ecosystems. Although plantation age has been verified to affect leaf alfalfa plants, its effect on plant grass remains poorly documented. A 10-year field experiment of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) was used test how a perennial rhizomatous pasture. This study demonstrated that C:N, C:P, N:P ratios exhibited rapid increasing trend from 2 6 years age, whereas C:N showed slight decreasing trend, C:P maintained stability 9 age. Stem were not different among ages, while stem increased 4 then Root an relative root trends did differ nine remained relatively stable However, after The results ecological stoichiometric homeostasis analysis further N leaf, stem, P had strict homeostasis, plastic weakly homeostatic status, respectively. These present pattern concerning relation provide useful information management pastures.

Язык: Английский

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High‐intensity light promotes adaptive divergence of photosynthetic traits between sun‐exposed and shaded populations in Saxifraga fortunei

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 111(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Light is essential for plants, and local populations exhibit adaptive photosynthetic traits depending on their habitats. Although plastic responses in morphological and/or physiological characteristics to different light intensities are well known, divergence with genetic variation remains be explored. This study focused Saxifraga fortunei (Saxifragaceae) growing sun-exposed shaded

Язык: Английский

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