Amid
increasing
deforestation,
surface
fires
reaching
the
forest
understory
are
one
of
primary
threats
to
Amazonian
ecosystems.
Despite
extensive
research
on
post-fire
mortality
in
woody
species,
literature
palm
resilience
fire
is
scant.
This
study
investigates
four
palms—Bactris
maraja
Mart.,
Chamaedorea
pauciflora
Geonoma
deversa
(Poit.)
Kunth,
Hyospathe
elegans
and
juvenile
individuals
Euterpe
precatoria
Mart.
Objectives
included:
a)
comparing
responses;
b)
developing
models
based
severity
variables;
c)
evaluating
if
diameter
protects
bud
stems
from
heat
flux.
Conducted
at
edge
an
Ombrophylous
Forest
Alto
Juruá
Acre,
Brazil
(7°45'S,
72°22'W),
experiment
subjected
85
controlled
burning
a
1
m²
area
near
stipe,
with
temperature
sampling
using
K
thermocouples.
Results
showed
varying
rates
among
larger
stipe
correlating
reduced
mortality.
Canopy
patterns
significantly
influenced
mortality,
especially
for
precatoria.
Species
exhibited
diverse
regrowth
capacities,
B.
showing
highest
number
tallest
basal
resprouts.
underscores
plant
as
critical
indicator
severity,
essential
understanding
its
ecological
impacts.
Plant Cell & Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
47(9), С. 3561 - 3589
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024
An
exponential
rise
in
the
atmospheric
vapour
pressure
deficit
(VPD)
is
among
most
consequential
impacts
of
climate
change
terrestrial
ecosystems.
Rising
VPD
has
negative
and
cascading
effects
on
nearly
all
aspects
plant
function
including
photosynthesis,
water
status,
growth
survival.
These
responses
are
exacerbated
by
land-atmosphere
interactions
that
couple
to
soil
govern
evolution
drought,
affecting
a
range
ecosystem
services
carbon
uptake,
biodiversity,
provisioning
resources
crop
yields.
However,
despite
global
nature
this
phenomenon,
research
how
incorporate
these
into
resilient
management
regimes
largely
its
infancy,
due
part
entanglement
trends
with
those
other
co-evolving
drivers.
Here,
we
review
mechanistic
bases
at
spatial
scales,
paying
particular
attention
independent
interactive
influence
context
environmental
changes.
We
then
evaluate
consequences
within
key
contexts,
resources,
croplands,
wildfire
risk
mitigation
natural
grasslands
forests.
conclude
recommendations
describing
could
be
altered
mitigate
otherwise
highly
deleterious
rising
VPD.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
241(3), С. 984 - 999
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023
Summary
Plant
hydraulics
is
crucial
for
assessing
the
plants'
capacity
to
extract
and
transport
water
from
soil
up
their
aerial
organs.
Along
with
exchange
between
plant
compartments
regulate
evaporation,
hydraulic
properties
determine
relations,
status
susceptibility
pathogen
attacks.
Consequently,
any
variation
in
characteristics
of
plants
likely
significantly
impact
various
mechanisms
processes
related
growth,
survival
production,
as
well
risk
biotic
attacks
forest
fire
behaviour.
However,
integration
traits
into
disciplines
such
pathology,
entomology,
ecology
or
agriculture
can
be
improved.
This
review
examines
how
provide
new
insights
our
understanding
these
processes,
including
modelling
vegetation
dynamics,
illuminating
numerous
perspectives
consequences
climate
change
on
agronomic
systems,
addressing
unanswered
questions
across
multiple
areas
knowledge.
Abstract
Fire
ecology
is
a
complex
discipline
that
can
only
be
understood
by
integrating
biological,
physical,
and
social
sciences.
The
science
of
fire
explores
wildland
fire’s
mechanisms
effects
across
all
scales
time
space.
However,
the
lack
defined,
organizing
concepts
in
dilutes
its
collective
impact
on
knowledge
management
decision-making
makes
vulnerable
to
misunderstanding
misappropriation.
has
matured
as
deserves
an
enunciation
unique
emergent
principles
organization.
Most
scientific
disciplines
have
established
theories,
laws,
been
tested,
debated,
adopted
discipline’s
practitioners.
Such
reflect
consensus
current
knowledge,
guide
methodology
interpretation,
expose
gaps
coherent
structured
way.
In
this
manuscript,
we
introduce
five
comprehensive
define
produced
provide
framework
support
continued
development
discipline.
With
more
frequent
and
intense
fires
expected
under
future
climate
conditions,
it
is
important
to
understand
the
mechanisms
that
control
flammability
in
Australian
forests.
We
followed
a
systematic
review
approach
determine
which
physical
traits
make
eucalypts
leaves
or
less
flammable.
Specifically,
we
reviewed
20
studies
covered
35
eucalypt
species
across
five
countries
found
leaf
water
content,
area
(LA),
specific
(SLA)
are
main
drivers
of
flammability.
These
easy
straightforward
measure,
while
laborious
(e.g.,
volatile
organic
compounds
structural
carbohydrates)
seldom
measured
reported.
Leaf
also
varies
with
species,
and,
biochemistry
plays
role
how
burn,
minor
fire
behaviour
at
landscape
scales.
This
highlights
range
different
protocols
used
measure
warranting
caution
when
comparing
results
between
studies.
As
result,
propose
standardised
protocol
content
advocate
for
long-term
measurements
study
not
only
contributes
understanding
why
burn
but
encourages
research
into
relative
importance
influencing
provides
guide
selecting
can
be
monitored
using
satellite
images
inform
management
policies
strategies.
Abstract
Background
Cross-landscape
fuel
moisture
content
is
highly
variable
but
not
considered
in
existing
fire
danger
assessments.
Capturing
complexity
and
its
associated
controls
critical
for
understanding
wildfire
behavior
emerging
fire-prone
environments
that
are
influenced
by
local
heterogeneity.
This
particularly
true
temperate
heathland
peatland
landscapes
exhibit
spatial
differences
the
vulnerability
of
their
globally
important
carbon
stores
to
wildfire.
Here
we
quantified
range
variability
live
dead
Calluna
vulgaris
across
a
landscape
through
an
intensive
sampling
campaign
conducted
North
Yorkshire
Moors,
UK.
We
also
evaluated
(soil
texture,
canopy
age,
aspect,
slope)
micrometeorological
(temperature,
relative
humidity,
vapor
pressure
deficit,
windspeed)
drivers
heathlands
peatlands
first
time.
Results
observed
high
cross-landscape
variation,
which
created
discontinuity
availability
fuels
spread
(fuel
<
65%)
organic
layer
smoldering
combustion
250%).
heterogeneity
was
most
spring,
peak
season
these
ecosystems.
Landscape
factors
explained
up
72%
variation
were
season-
fuel-layer-dependent.
predominantly
controlled
beyond
modifying
micrometeorology.
Accounting
direct
landscape–fuel
relationships
could
improve
estimates,
as
estimates
derived
solely
from
observations
will
exclude
underlying
influence
characteristics.
hypothesize
soil
aspect
play
roles
layers
examined,
with
main
processes
arising
between
live,
dead,
surface/ground
fuels.
highlight
role
phenology
assessing
variations
environments.
Conclusions
Understanding
mechanisms
driving
opens
opportunities
develop
locally
robust
models
input
into
rating
systems,
adding
versatility
assessments
management
tool.
International Journal of Wildland Fire,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
34(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Background
The
increased
interest
in
why
and
how
trees
die
from
fire
has
led
to
several
syntheses
of
the
potential
mechanisms
fire-induced
tree
mortality.
However,
these
generally
neglect
consider
experimental
methods
used
simulate
behaviour
conditions.
Aims
To
describe,
evaluate
appropriateness
provide
a
historical
timeline
different
approaches
that
have
been
mortality
studies.
Methods
We
conducted
review
actual
proxy
further
our
understanding
Key
results
Most
studies
assess
laboratory
settings
make
use
proxies
instead
real
fires
cut
branches
live
plants.
Implications
Further
research
should
using
plants
paired
combustion
landscape
experiments.
Abstract
Trees
use
nonstructural
carbohydrates
(NSCs)
to
support
many
functions,
including
recovery
from
disturbances.
However,
NSC’s
importance
for
following
fire
and
whether
NSC
depletion
contributes
post-fire
delayed
mortality
are
largely
unknown.
We
investigated
how
affects
NSCs
based
on
fire-caused
injury
a
prescribed
in
young
Pinus
ponderosa
(Lawson
&
C.
Lawson)
stand.
assessed
crown
(needle
scorch
bud
kill)
measured
of
needles
inner
bark
(i.e.,
secondary
phloem)
branches
main
stems
trees
subject
at
an
adjacent
unburned
site.
pre-fire
six
timesteps
(4
days–16
months).
While
all
initially
survived
the
fire,
concentrations
declined
quickly
burned
relative
controls
over
same
period.
This
decline
was
strongest
that
eventually
died,
but
those
recovered
levels
within
14
months
post-fire.
Two
post-fire,
relationship
between
stem
strongly
negative
(Adj-R2
=
0.83).
Our
results
tree
survival
suggest
is
part
related
reduced
photosynthetic
leaf
area
subsequently
limits
carbohydrate
availability
maintaining
function.
Crown
commonly
metric
tree-level
severity
often
linked
outcome
or
mortality).
Thus,
our
finding
may
be
mechanistic
link
will
help
improve
models
forest
recovery.
Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024
Changes
in
wildfire
regimes
are
of
growing
concern
and
raise
issues
about
how
well
we
can
model
risks
a
changing
climate.
Process-based
coupled
fire-vegetation
models,
used
to
project
future
regimes,
capture
many
aspects
poorly.
However,
there
is
now
wealth
information
from
empirical
studies
on
the
climate,
vegetation,
topography
human
activity
controls
regimes.
The
measures
quantify
these
vary
among
studies,
but
certain
variables
consistently
emerge
as
most
important:
gross
primary
production
measure
fuel
availability,
vegetation
cover
continuity,
atmospheric
humidity
drying.
Contrary
popular
perception,
ignitions
generally
not
limiting
factor
for
wildfires.
In
this
review,
describe
fire
models
implement
processes,
synthesise
current
understanding
extent
severity,
suggest
ways
which
modelling
could
be
improved.
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2024
Changing
climatic
conditions
are
increasing
overstory
tree
mortality
in
forests
globally.
This
restructuring
of
the
distribution
biomass
is
making
already
flammable
more
combustible,
posing
a
major
challenge
for
managing
transition
to
lower
state.
In
western
US
dry
conifer
forests,
density
resulting
from
over
century
fire‐exclusion
practices
has
increased
risk
high‐severity
wildfire
and
susceptibility
climate‐driven
mortality.
Reducing
dead
fuel
loads
will
require
new
approaches
mitigate
remaining
live
trees
by
preparing
withstand
future
wildfire.
Here,
we
used
data
Teakettle
Experimental
Forest
California
evaluate
different
prescribed
fire
burn
frequencies
their
impact
on
accumulated
fuels
after
4‐year
drought.
Increasing
frequency
could
reduce
surface
build‐up
but
comes
with
additional
challenges
that
creativity
experimentation
overcome.