The mycorrhizal symbiosis: research frontiers in genomics, ecology, and agricultural application

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(4), С. 1486 - 1506

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Summary Mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and fungi are vital for the soil structure, nutrient cycling, plant diversity, ecosystem sustainability. More than 250 000 species associated with mycorrhizal fungi. Recent advances in genomics related approaches have revolutionized our understanding of biology ecology associations. The genomes 250+ been released hundreds genes that play pivotal roles regulating symbiosis development metabolism characterized. rDNA metabarcoding metatranscriptomics provide novel insights into ecological cues driving communities functions expressed by these associations, linking to traits such as acquisition organic matter decomposition. Here, we review genomic studies revealed involved uptake development, discuss adaptations fundamental evolution lifestyles. We also evaluated services provided networks how hold promise sustainable agriculture forestry enhancing stress tolerance. Overall, unraveling intricate dynamics is paramount promoting sustainability addressing current pressing environmental concerns. This ends major frontiers further research.

Язык: Английский

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Spatial co-transcriptomics reveals discrete stages of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Nature Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(4), С. 673 - 688

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Abstract The symbiotic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is ancient and widespread. Plants provide AM carbon in exchange for nutrients water, making this a prime target crop improvement. However, plant–fungal interactions are restricted to small subset root cells, precluding the application most conventional functional genomic techniques study molecular bases these interactions. Here we used single-nucleus spatial RNA sequencing explore both Medicago truncatula Rhizophagus irregularis transcriptomes symbiosis at cellular resolution. Integrated, spatially registered single-cell maps revealed infected uninfected plant cell types. We observed that cortex cells exhibit distinct transcriptome profiles during different stages colonization by fungi, indicating dynamic interplay between organisms establishment interface enabling successful symbiosis. Our provides insight into relationship major agricultural environmental importance demonstrates paradigm combining transcriptomics analysis complex organismal

Язык: Английский

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi heterokaryons have two nuclear populations with distinct roles in host–plant interactions

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(11), С. 2142 - 2153

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The structural repertoire of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici effectors revealed by experimental and computational studies

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2023

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface cytosolic receptors results activation of defence pathways and immunity. Despite their importance, our general understanding fungal effector immunity remains poor. One complication often associated with effectors is high sequence diversity lack identifiable motifs precluding prediction structure function. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated can be grouped into structural classes, despite significant variation existence across taxonomic groups. Using protein X-ray crystallography, we identify a new class hidden within secreted xylem (SIX) from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). The recognised Avr1 (SIX4) Avr3 (SIX1) represent founding members Fol dual-domain (FOLD) class, containing two distinct domains. AlphaFold2, predicted full SIX repertoire show SIX6 SIX13 are also FOLD which validated experimentally for SIX6. Based on comparisons, present three divisions fungi expanded symbionts. Further comparisons demonstrate secretes adopt limited number folds during infection tomato. This analysis revealed relationship between transcriptionally co-regulated pairs. We make use understand its I receptor, leads disease resistance study represents an important advance Fol-tomato, extension plant-fungal interactions, will assist development novel control engineering strategies combat pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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The N-terminal domains of NLR immune receptors exhibit structural and functional similarities across divergent plant lineages

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(7), С. 2491 - 2511

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Abstract Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a prominent class of intracellular immune receptors in plants. However, our understanding plant NLR structure function is limited to the evolutionarily young flowering clade. Here, we describe an extended spectrum diversity across divergent lineages demonstrate structural functional similarities N-terminal domains that trigger responses. We show broadly distributed coiled-coil (CC) toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) families nonflowering plants retain immune-related functions through translineage activation cell death angiosperm Nicotiana benthamiana. further examined CC subfamily specific uncovered essential MAEPL motif functionally comparable with motifs resistosome-forming CC-NLRs. Consistent conserved role immunity, ectopic CCMAEPL liverwort Marchantia polymorpha led profound growth inhibition, defense gene activation, signatures death. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analyses activity delineated common CC-mediated program shared Collectively, findings highlight ancestral nature NLR-mediated immunity during evolution dates its origin at least ∼500 million years ago.

Язык: Английский

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Community assembly of root-colonizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: beyond carbon and into defence?

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Decoding the Arsenal: Protist Effectors and Their Impact on Photosynthetic Hosts

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(6), С. 498 - 506

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Interactions between various microbial pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and their plant hosts have traditionally been the focus of phytopathology. In recent years, a significant growing interest in study eukaryotic microorganisms not classified among fungi or oomycetes has emerged. Many these protists establish complex interactions with photosynthetic hosts, understanding is crucial dynamics parasites within traditional emerging types farming, marine aquaculture. phytopathogenic are biotrophs polyphasic life cycles, which makes them difficult impossible to culture, fact reflected wide gap availability comprehensive genomic data when compared fungal oomycete pathogens. Furthermore, our ability use available resources for limited by broad taxonomic distance that organisms span, comparisons other datasets difficult. The current rapid progress genomics computational tools prediction protein functions revolutionizing landscape pathology. This also opening novel possibilities, specifically deeper protist effectors. Tools like AlphaFold2 enable structure-based function effector candidates divergent sequences. turn, this allows us ask better biological questions and, coupled innovative experimental strategies, will lead into new era research, especially protists, expand knowledge on elusive hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 Author(s). an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing reveals that the Pgs gene of fusarium circinatum is involved in pathogenicity, growth and sporulation

Fungal Genetics and Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 103970 - 103970

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Alternative splicing regulation in plants by SP7-like effectors from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Most plants in natural ecosystems associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to survive soil nutrient limitations. To engage symbiosis, AM secrete effector molecules that, similar pathogenic effectors, reprogram plant cells. Here we show that the Glomeromycotina-specific SP7 family impacts on alternative splicing program of their hosts. SP7-like effectors localize at nuclear condensates and interact mRNA processing machinery, most prominently factor SR45 core proteins U1-70K U2AF35. Ectopic expression these crop potato Arabidopsis induced developmental changes paralleled modulation a specific subset genes. We propose act as negative regulators modulate fate mRNAs arbuscule-containing Unraveling communication mechanisms between symbiotic host will help identify targets improve nutrition.

Язык: Английский

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AvrSr27 is a zinc‐bound effector with a modular structure important for immune recognition

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(1), С. 314 - 329

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

Summary Effector proteins are central to the success of plant pathogens, while immunity in host plants is driven by receptor‐mediated recognition these effectors. Understanding molecular details effector–receptor interactions key for engineering novel immune receptors. Here, we experimentally determined crystal structure Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ( Pgt ) effector AvrSr27, which was not accurately predicted using AlphaFold2. We characterised role conserved cysteine residues AvrSr27 vitro biochemical assays and examined Sr27‐mediated transient expression Nicotiana spp. wheat protoplasts. The contains a β‐strand rich modular fold consisting two structurally similar domains that bind Zn 2+ ions. N‐terminal domain sufficient interaction with Sr27 triggering cell death. identified related but low sequence identity can also associate Sr27, albeit more weakly. Though only full‐length proteins, trigger Sr27‐dependent death systems. Collectively, our findings have important implications utilising protein prediction platforms those embarking on bespoke receptors as solutions disease.

Язык: Английский

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