Summary
The
shift
to
reductionist
biology
at
the
dawn
of
genome
era
yielded
a
‘parts
list’
plant
genes
and
nascent
understanding
complex
biological
processes.
Today,
with
genomics
in
full
swing,
advances
high‐definition
enabled
precise
temporal
spatial
analyses
systems
down
single‐cell
level.
These
insights,
coupled
artificial
intelligence‐driven
silico
design,
are
propelling
development
first
synthetic
plants.
By
integrating
approaches,
researchers
not
only
reimagining
plants
as
sources
food,
fiber,
fuel
but
also
‘environmental
thermostats’
capable
mitigating
impacts
changing
climate.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Faithful
chromosome
segregation
is
crucial
for
cell
division
in
eukaryotes,
facilitated
by
the
kinetochore,
a
multi-subunit
protein
complex
that
connects
chromosomes
to
spindle
microtubules.
Recent
research
has
significantly
advanced
our
understanding
of
kinetochore
function
plants,
including
surprising
findings
about
assembly
checkpoint,
composition
inner
and
unique
arrangement
holocentric
Cuscuta
species.
Additionally,
some
proteins
plants
have
been
implicated
roles
beyond
segregation,
such
as
cytokinesis
regulation
involvement
developmental
processes.
This
review
summarizes
recent
insights
into
plant
biology,
compares
kinetochores
with
those
animals
fungi,
highlights
key
open
questions
potential
future
directions
field.
Summary
The
epigenetic
state
of
chromatin,
gene
activity
and
chromosomal
positions
are
interrelated
in
plants.
In
Arabidopsis
thaliana
,
chromosome
arms
DNA‐hypomethylated
enriched
with
the
euchromatin‐specific
histone
mark
H3K4me3,
while
pericentromeric
regions
DNA‐hypermethylated
heterochromatin‐specific
H3K9me2.
We
aimed
to
investigate
how
location
affects
stability
expression
by
engineering.
Two
inversions
different
sizes
were
induced
using
CRISPR/Cas9
move
heterochromatic,
pericentric
sequences
into
euchromatic
regions.
status
these
lines
was
investigated
whole‐genome
bisulfite
sequencing
chromatin
immunoprecipitation.
Gene
changes
following
induction
studied
via
transcriptome
analysis.
Both
had
a
minimal
impact
on
global
distribution
marks
DNA
methylation
patterns,
although
minor
observed
across
genome.
Notably,
inverted
their
borders
retained
original
profiles.
analysis
showed
that
only
0.5–1%
genes
differentially
expressed
genome‐wide
inversions.
CRISPR/Cas‐induced
minimally
affect
landscape
expression,
preserving
profiles
subsequent
generations.
Plant Biotechnology Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024
Summary
Plant
chromosome
engineering
has
emerged
as
a
pivotal
tool
in
modern
plant
breeding,
facilitating
the
transfer
of
desirable
traits
through
incorporation
alien
fragments
into
plants.
Here,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
past
achievements,
current
methodologies
and
future
prospects
engineering.
We
begin
by
examining
successful
integration
specific
examples
such
rye
segments
(e.g.
1BL/1RS
translocation),
Dasypyrum
villosum
6VS
segment
for
powdery
mildew
resistance),
Thinopyrum
intermedium
rust
resistance
genes)
elongatum
Fusarium
head
blight
genes).
In
addition
to
trait
transfer,
advancements
centromere
have
opened
new
possibilities
chromosomal
manipulation.
This
includes
development
minichromosomes
via
centromere‐mediated
techniques,
generation
haploids
CENH3
gene
editing,
induction
aneuploidy
using
KaryoCreate.
The
advent
CRISPR/Cas
technology
further
revolutionized
engineering,
enabling
large‐scale
rearrangements,
inversions
translocations,
well
targeted
insertion
large
DNA
increasing
genetic
recombination
frequency.
These
significantly
expanded
toolkit
improvement
plants,
opening
horizons
breeding.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024
The
kinetochore
complex,
an
important
protein
assembly
situated
on
the
centromere,
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
chromosome
segregation
during
cell
division.
Like
animals
and
fungi,
plant
complex
is
for
maintaining
stability,
regulating
microtubule
attachment,
executing
error
correction
mechanisms,
participating
signaling
pathways
to
ensure
accurate
segregation.
This
review
summarizes
composition,
function,
regulation
of
emphasizing
interactions
proteins
with
centromeric
DNAs
(cenDNAs)
RNAs
(cenRNAs).
Additionally,
applications
histone
H3
variant
(the
core
CENH3,
first
identified
as
CENP-A
mammals)
generation
ploidy-variable
plants
synthesis
artificial
chromosomes
(PACs)
are
discussed.
serves
comprehensive
roadmap
researchers
delving
into
exploration,
highlighting
potential
driving
technological
innovations
synthetic
genomics
biotechnology.
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 16
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024
The
synthesis
of
maize
artificial
chromosomes/minichromosomes
holds
great
promise
in
preparing
worldwide
production
to
address
the
challenges
frequent
extreme
weather
events,
population
growth,
and
evolving
dietary
patterns.
Using
chromosomes
can
mitigate
drawbacks
associated
with
conventional
transgenic
approaches,
such
as
random
integration,
linkage
drag,
unpredictable
expression
levels.
While
application
de
novo
assembly
constructing
plant
has
been
constrained
by
complexity
epigenetic
nature
centromeres,
a
promising
strategy
involves
top-down
approach
through
truncating
nonessential
supernumerary
chromosome,
B
chromosome.
This
review
summarizes
genetic
characteristics
chromosome
highlights
advantages
engineering
it
into
minichromosome
platform
(miniB).
We
also
progress,
potential
applications,
prospects
miniB
engineering.
Taken
together,
development
engineered
shows
for
breeding
high-yield,
high-quality,
multiple
stress-tolerant
varieties.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
56(6), С. 2321 - 2330
Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024
Carrot
(Daucus
carota
L.)
is
a
widely
cultivated
root
crop
due
to
its
substantial
nutritional
values,
including
elevated
levels
of
essential
vitamins
and
antioxidants.The
apposite
study
aimed
determine
the
chromosomes'
mitotic
time
numbers.The
research
used
modified
squash
method,
chromosomes
preparation
steps,
such
as
fixation,
maceration,
staining.The
comparison
two
carrot
cultivars,
i.e.,
Berastagi
Ta-Fung,
highlighted
similarities
in
chromosome
morphology,
size,
karyotype
formulas,
with
some
disparity
formula
unveiling
their
unique
genetic
attributes
distinctions.The
established
times
chromosomal
formulas
emerged
09:00
AM-10:00
AM
(2n
=
2x
18
m)
AM-10:10
14
m
+
4
sm)
for
cultivars
respectively,
respective
karyotypes
ideograms.In
count,
congruence
between
highlights
shared
foundation
and,
albeit
structural
variations.Such
primary
data
presented
lays
future
breeding
improvement
both
cultivars.
