Population-level transposable element expression dynamics influence trait evolution in a fungal crop pathogen

mBio, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

ABSTRACT The rapid adaptive evolution of microbes is driven by strong selection pressure acting on genetic variation. How variation generated within species and how such influences phenotypic trait expression often not well understood though. We focused the recent activity transposable elements (TEs) using deep population genomics transcriptomics analyses a fungal plant pathogen with highly active content TEs in genome. Zymoseptoria tritici causes one most damaging diseases wheat, adaptation to host environment being facilitated TE-associated mutations. obtained genomic RNA-sequencing data from 146 isolates collected single wheat field. established genome-wide map TE insertion polymorphisms analyzing insertions among individuals. quantified locus-specific transcription individual copies found considerable at loci population. About 20% all show genome suggesting that defenses as repressive epigenetic marks repeat-induced are least partially ineffective preventing proliferation A quarter associated neighboring genes providing broad potential influence expression. indeed likely responsible for virulence potentially diverse components secondary metabolite production. Our large-scale study emphasizes TE-derived segregate even microbial populations can broadly underpin pathogens. IMPORTANCE Pathogens rapidly adapt new hosts, antimicrobials, or changes environment. Adaptation arises mutations genome; however, remains poorly understood. investigated dynamic regions tritici, major wheat. elements. large proportion only signatures but also variable pathogen. find this influencing many important traits Hence, our work provides insights into over shortest time periods based

Язык: Английский

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Regulatory insight for a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor controlling effector-mediated virulence in a fungal pathogen of wheat

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(9), С. e1012536 - e1012536

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2024

The regulation of virulence in plant-pathogenic fungi has emerged as a key area importance underlying host infections. Recent work highlighted individual transcription factors (TFs) that serve important roles. A prominent example is PnPf2, member the Zn2Cys6 family fungal TFs, which controls expression effectors and other virulence-associated genes Parastagonospora nodorum during infection wheat. PnPf2 orthologues are similarly for major pathogens their respective plants, have also been shown to control polysaccharide metabolism model saprophytes. In each case, direct genomic targets associated regulatory mechanisms were unknown. Significant insight was made here by investigating through chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) mutagenesis approaches P. nodorum. Two distinct binding motifs characterised positive elements identified. These encompass known components with pathogenic lifestyle, such carbohydrate-active enzymes nutrient assimilators. results support involvement coordinating on Other included TF-encoding genes. While novel functions observed TFs PnPro1, PnAda1, PnEbr1 carbon-catabolite repressor PnCreA, our investigation upheld predominant transcriptional regulator terms specific coordination wheat, provides mechanistic insights may be conserved homologous fungi.

Язык: Английский

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The SET domain protein PsKMT3 regulates histone H3K36 trimethylation and modulates effector gene expression in the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(4), С. 346 - 358

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

Abstract Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to overcome host immunity and promote colonization. In oomycete plant pathogens, the expression of many genes is altered upon infection; however, regulatory mechanisms are unclear. this study, we identified a su(var)3–9, enhancer zeste, trithorax (SET) domain protein‐encoding gene, PsKMT3 , that was highly induced at early infection stages in Phytophthora sojae . Deletion led asexual development pathogenicity defects. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP‐seq) western blot analyses demonstrated histone H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) significantly reduced genome‐wide mutants. RNA‐seq analysis 374 encoding secreted were differentially expressed pskmt3 mycelium stage. The encompassed RxLR (Arg‐x‐Lys‐Arg) gene family, including essential Avh23 Avh181 Avh240 Avh241 Transcriptome showed misregulation waves H3K36me3 directly indirectly associated with activation. Our results reveal role SET protein regulating modulating methylation P.

Язык: Английский

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Sas3-mediated histone acetylation regulates effector gene activation in a fungal plant pathogen

mBio, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(5)

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

ABSTRACT Effector proteins are secreted by plant pathogens to enable host colonization. Typically, effector genes tightly regulated, have very low expression levels in axenic conditions, and strongly induced during Chromatin remodeling contributes the activation of planta still poorly known mechanisms. In this work, we investigated role histone acetylation gene derepression pathogens. We used Zymoseptoria tritici , a major pathogen wheat, as model determine lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) infection. showed that is associated with chromatin remodeling, featuring increased H3 9 (H3K9) 14 (H3K14) loci. functionally characterized Z. KATs demonstrated their distinct contributions growth, development, Sas3 required for colonization pycnidia production involved H3K9 H3K14 loci and, consequently, propose Sas3-mediated spatiotemporal virulence . IMPORTANCE Pathogen infections require effectors Effectors diverse functions only expressed at certain stages infection cycle. Thus, regulated several mechanisms, including remodeling. Here, investigate fungal wheat demonstrate essential regulation genes. show KAT leaf symptom development formation. Importantly, our results indicate controls regulator stomatal penetration. Overall, work demonstrates key regulating

Язык: Английский

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FolSas2 is a regulator of early effector gene expression during Fusarium oxysporum infection

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2024

Summary Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ( Fol ) that causes a globally devastating wilt disease on tomato relies the secretion of numerous effectors to mount an infection, but how pathogenic fungus precisely regulates expression effector genes during plant invasion remains elusive. Here, using molecular and cellular approaches, we show histone H4K8 acetyltransferase FolSas2 is transcriptional regulator early gene in . Autoacetylation K269 represses K335 ubiquitination, preventing its degradation by 26S proteasome. During infection process, elevates acetylation differentially changing transcription itself FolSir1 deacetylase, leading specific accumulation enzyme at this stage. subsequently activates array genes, as consequence, invades successfully. These findings reveal regulatory mechanism via autoacetylation modifier fungal invasion.

Язык: Английский

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