Desert plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria: Exploring the diversity and role of symbiosis under drought

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

Desert plants, such as Agave tequilana, A. salmiana and Myrtillocactus geometrizans, can survive harsh environmental conditions partly due to their symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Interestingly, some of these also harbour endosymbiotic bacteria. Our research focused on investigating the diversity AMFs associated bacteria in plants growing arid soil. We found that agaves have a threefold higher AMF colonization than M. geometrizans. Metabarcoding techniques revealed composition communities was primarily influenced by plant host, while bacterial were more affected specific compartment or niche they inhabited. identified both known novel endofungal taxa, Burkholderiales, confirmed presence within spores using multiphoton microscopy. study explored effects drought symbiosis between tequilana AMF. discovered severity could modulate strength this its outcomes for holobiont. Severe prevented formation symbiosis, moderate promoted it, thereby conferring tolerance tequilana. This sheds light Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) underscores crucial role factor modulating Further is needed understand response.

Язык: Английский

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Bioprospecting for plant resilience to climate change: mycorrhizal symbionts of European and American beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria and Ammophila breviligulata) from maritime sand dunes

Mycorrhiza, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(3), С. 159 - 171

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

Abstract Climate change and global warming have contributed to increase terrestrial drought, causing negative impacts on agricultural production. Drought stress may be addressed using novel agronomic practices beneficial soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), able enhance plant use efficiency of resources water antioxidant defence systems. Specific traits functional resilience improvement in dry conditions could developed AMF growing association with xerophytic plants maritime sand dunes, a drought-stressed low-fertility environment. The most studied are European beachgrass ( Ammophila arenaria Link), native Europe the Mediterranean basin, American breviligulata Fern.), found North America. Given critical role for survival these beachgrasses, knowledge composition communities colonizing their roots rhizospheres distribution worldwide is fundamental location isolation potential candidates tested promoting crop growth under climate change. This review provides quantitative qualitative data occurrence A. European, basin detected by morphological studies, trap culture molecular methods, reports symbiotic performance. Moreover, indicates dominant species associated two common further assess possible specific increasing host toward drought

Язык: Английский

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal highways – what, how and why?

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 109702 - 109702

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mycorrhizal research now: from the micro‐ to the macro‐scale

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(4), С. 1399 - 1403

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Mycorrhizal symbioses are complex relationships between plants and fungi that significantly affect ecosystem dynamics functions across terrestrial environments. These symbiotic interactions, which involve a diverse range of fungal lineages, including Mucoromycotina, Glomeromycotina, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, as well various plant hosts, critical for nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, growth, resilience both partners to environmental stressors. Recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, sciences have enhanced our understanding mycorrhizal illuminated the mechanisms govern these intricate interactions their ecological implications. In this New Phytologist Special Issue on 'Mycorrhizal research now: from micro- macro-scale', we bring together collection studies, examine types symbioses, such arbuscular mycorrhizal, orchid ericoid ectomycorrhizal associations. studies explored molecular, physiological, dimensions uncovering conversations illuminating broader By integrating perspectives, endeavors untangle multifaceted cascading effects ecosystems. Through distilling key insights goal is identify emerging themes future directions research. Martin & van der Heijden (2024, issue pp. 1486–1506) review genomic revealed genes involved uptake symbiosis development, discuss adaptations fundamental evolution lifestyles. Their work integrated genomics with theory, thereby enhancing evolutionary functional significance how hold promise sustainable agriculture forestry by acquisition stress tolerance. The elucidation small RNA-mediated transcriptional regulation Ledford et al. 1534–1544) offers novel into governing symbiosis. regulatory networks secreted effector proteins RNAs orchestrate providing potential targets manipulating efficiency productivity agricultural restoration contexts. Research conducted Giovannetti (2024a) sheds light communication exist during interactions. findings provide new underlying pathogenic signaling pathways, offering perspectives mutualistic coevolutionary struggle microbial (Giovannetti al., 2024b, 1404–1407). One central cycling; mycorrhizas play significant role mineralizing nutrients transporting soil profile (Mahmood 2024, 1545–1560). use isotopic, approaches has continued advance understanding. Resource exchange symbionts crucial cycling (Zhao 1507–1522). Market theories resource recently dominated (Dickie 2015). However, Bogar 1523–1528) suggests market should be re-examined, particularly predicting short-term outcomes. This supported study Corrêa 1561–1575), who did not find support regulating rice plants, suggesting driven surplus resources. Lekberg 1576–1588) found supply higher at high P sites than low sites, contrary expectations under theory. Plett 1589–1602) also nitrogen transfer correlated free amino acids hyphae, may consistent resources driving exchange, while direct C N was supported. Understanding challenge requires examination community characteristics. (2024) argue whole-community inoculum can explain differences observations compared previous, more controlled, single-fungus experiments. Additionally, traits habitat-specific, suggested concentrations endemic cosmopolitan species (McPolin 1603–1613). Plant communities, terms strategies, roles cycling. Bönisch 1614–1629) show having multiple strategies driver diversity effects. Further, Gille 1630–1644) shed interplay nonsymbiotic Nonmycorrhizal species, Cyperaceae, ecosystems, calling deeper role. Zhang 1645–1660) associated mycorrhiza-assisted iron processing discovered there trade-offs growth. provides nutrition tolerance natural Perotto Balestrini 1408–1416) examined associations, led identification conserved underlie structural similarities types, researchers made contributions development unified framework aids trajectories symbioses. fate food web Kakouridis 1661–1675). They utilized nanoSIMS imaging isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) track labeled fractionation aggregates specific groups bacteria were enriched AM fungi-originating C. Along same lines, L. Wang 1529–1533) summarized core microbiome matters operation holobiont. Auer al.'s 1676–1690) elucidated guilds functioning, stabilization, overall resilience, highlighting delicate balance within communities implications functioning stability. Groundbreaking meta-transcriptomic emphasizes less-studied fungi, Mucoromycota specifically Mortierella, demonstrates value using minimal amplification transcriptomes gain saprotrophic Wu 1417–1425) proposed conceptual elucidates four pathways through influence organic matter dynamics. integrates ecology biogeochemical enhance drive sequestration management climate change mitigation significant. D. 1825–1834) validation metabarcoding data quantitative assessments methodological analyzing poorly known biodiversity conservation restoration. Feedback mixed forest stands different an important topic better patterns, management, conservation. subtropical experimental system, Singavarapu 1691–1703) clarified coexistence trees shapes types. Such systems excellent clarifying gradients host specificity which, Voller 1426–1435), might operate via mechanistic filters: partner availability, recognition, competition colonization (space), function. coexisting function, reduced recalcitrance roots leaves (Xia 1476–1485). An appropriate design avoid misinterpretation results removal experiments, tested Monteux 1835–1846) experiment ecto- Northern Sweden. Furthermore, Mujica 1436–1440) call interdisciplinary collaborations continental-scale approach mitigate geographical biases trait databases. Global includes factors ecosystems Hewitt 1704–1716) investigated warming tundra plant–mycorrhizal revealing responses plant–fungal scenarios, high-latitude regions informing mitigating impacts Elevated CO2 levels, another global change, emphasize importance Using nearly 150 yr herbarium collections, Michaud 1717–1724) demonstrated increasing levels contribute declining status all forests, regardless type deposition. Nitrogen deposition Jörgensen 1725–1738) fungi. Although biomass high-N showed causes substantial decline biomass. restructures relationships, shrubs underscore need resolve temperatures background atmospheric rapidly change. biogeography ecology, enhances shaping patterns spatial scales, management. glacier retreat, opening lands succession model primary succession. Carteron 1739–1752) develop 46 retreats around globe, finding fast (in time) It essential understand impact composition drives processes. Invasive Amanita phalloides, frequency, persistence cause concern. Population genetics Golan 1753–1770) invasive just opportunistic but establish large persistent genets belowground. opportunity elucidate adaptive employed colonize habitats outcompete native although processes remain unclear. A McPolin emphasized distribution among rainforests, maintaining function resilience. highlights distinct indigenous diversity, valuable aimed preserving services face changes. life history further insights. Sporulation fungus Rhizophagus irregularis yields spores two morphologies, those matching phenotypes fasciculatus case least isolates, described Kokkoris (2024). Lofgren 1448–1475) Suillus, overview its phylogeny, genomics, mating specificity, preferences invasion, SuilluScope database isolates phenotypic genome information, protocols. massive help anyone working Suillus or other plant–fungus systems. Moreno Jiménez 1441–1447) dual method encompasses capitalizes collaborative efforts beneficial microorganisms innovative solutions improving sustainability security amidst phosphorus consortia hyphae biogeochemistry. sustainability, security, Spores harbor endobacteria. Based field-collected spores, it appears endobacterial inside individual diverse, remarkable number Glomeromycotina (Lastovetsky 1785–1797). Clearly, necessary learn about bacterial endosymbionts hyphae-associating determine (L. 2024). Peng 1798–1813) comparative low-input conventional farming methods illuminates varying functions. doing so, intensive practices inform ensuring long-term system. elucidating influencing urban environments, Metzler 1814–1824) provided green infrastructure planning. Ranging ecosystem-scale dynamics, investigations offer Considering composite gained several surfaced, shedding avenues strategies. First, dialogues represent rich frontier exploration. Unraveling blueprints holds associations significance. Future area delve transcriptomic landscapes partners, genetic basis Second, consequences extend far beyond Integrating theory empirical mediated focus scaling up local ecosystem-level processes, incorporating surveys, landscape-scale analyses, modeling predict services. Third, practical applications immense agriculture, restoration, mitigation. Harnessing tolerance, crop productivity, fertility, explore harnessing contexts, agroecosystems spaces, fostering collaboration scientists, practitioners, policymakers translate actionable solutions. conclusion, collective derived recent holistic dedication exploring disciplines. addressing knowledge gaps, embracing technologies, cross-disciplinary dialogue, unlock frontiers paving way resilient changing world. FMM's Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01)) Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. IAD's BioProtection Aotearoa. MÖ Estonian Council grant no. 1789 (project FUNFARM). We would like thank Dr Holly Slater her assembling Issue. Editorial Office Note: apologize readers included journal. due oversight.

Язык: Английский

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Bacteria Associated with Spores of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Effectiveness of Fungal Inocula for Red Raspberry Biotization

Microbial Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 87(1)

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Abstract Intensive crop production leads to the disruption of symbiosis between plants and their associated microorganisms, resulting in suboptimal plant productivity lower yield quality. Therefore, it is necessary improve existing methods explore modern, environmentally friendly approaches production. One these biotization, which involves inoculation with appropriately selected symbiotic microorganisms play a beneficial role adaptation environment. In this study, we tested possibility using multi-microorganismal inoculum composed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) AMF spore-associated bacteria for biotization red raspberry. Bacteria were isolated from spores AMF, growth-promoting properties tested. inocula supplemented bacterial strains investigate effect on growth vitality The investigations carried out laboratory semi-industrial scale polytunnel where commercial seedlings out. experiment, parameters physiological response temporary water shortage. We over fifty AMF. Only part them showed properties, six (belonging Paenibacillus genus) used inoculum. co-inoculation improved both experimental setups. Plant dry weight was by 70%, chlorophyll fluorescence (the contribution light primary photochemistry fraction reaction centre per antennae) increased. carbon assimilation, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance transpiration after Raspberry has potential applications horticulture ecological based microorganism interaction are demand.

Язык: Английский

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Functional team selection: a framework for local adaptation in plants and their belowground microbiomes

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Plants and their microbiomes are complex adaptive systems consisting of host plants a dynamic network associated microorganisms inside around plant tissues. This article introduces Functional Team Selection (FTS) as framework to help envision study the movement matter, energy, information within plant-microbiome systems. FTS embraces fact that belowground, surrounded by trillions soil organisms may or hinder function roots provide essential resources for photosynthetic production. We describe how limited antagonistic biotic interactions drive host-mediated microbiome engineering belowground can be selected -even during host’s lifespan- generate adaptation in stressful but not benign environments. The provides guidelines work with, rather than against, evolutionary ecological forces durable cooperation mutualism microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Highways – What, How and Why?

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Intricate Russian dolls relationships between plants, fungi and bacteria

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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