Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
WRKY
transcription
factors
are
essential
for
plant
growth,
health,
and
responses
to
biotic
abiotic
stress.
In
this
study,
we
performed
a
deep
in
silico
characterization
of
the
gene
family
genome
Eucalyptus
grandis.
We
also
analyzed
expression
profiles
these
genes
upon
colonization
by
arbuscular
mycorrhizal
fungus
(AMF)
Rhizophagus
irregularis
(Ri)
infection
with
bacterial
pathogen
Ralstonia
solanacearum
(Rs).
A
total
117
EgWRKYs
were
identified.
Phylogenetic
analysis
divided
EgWRKY
proteins
into
three
groups:
group
I
(21
proteins,
17.95%),
II
(65
55.56%),
III
(24
20.51%).
Additionally,
seven
(5.98%)
categorized
IV
due
absence
domain
or
zinc-finger
structure.
All
distributed
irregularly
across
11
chromosomes,
25
pairs
identified
as
segmental
duplicates
four
tandem
duplicates.
The
promoter
regions
50%
members
each
subfamily
contain
hormone-related
cis-elements
associated
defense
responses,
such
ABREs,
TGACG
motifs,
CGTCA
motifs.
subfamilies
(except
IV-b
IV-c)
AW-boxes,
which
related
induction.
Furthermore,
transcriptomic
revealed
that
21
responsive
AMF
Ri,
13
8
strongly
up-
downregulated,
respectively.
Several
(including
EgWRKY116,
EgWRKY62,
EgWRKY107)
significantly
induced
Ri;
might
enhance
E.
grandis
against
Rs.
Therefore,
regulated
colonization,
some
improve
R.
solanacearum.
These
findings
provide
insights
involved
interactions
among
host
plant,
AMFs,
Язык: Английский
Fungal small RNA hijacking: a new layer of cross‐kingdom communications in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 17, 2025
…
AM
fungal
small
RNAs
just
entered
the
'chat',
and
a
new
layer
of
cross-kingdom
molecular
signals
enables
symbiosis.
Eukaryotic
sRNAs
are
short
noncoding
regulatory
elements
(usually
20–25
nucleotides
in
length)
that
trigger
RNAi
process
cells
act
as
big
players
microbe–plant
interactions
(Huang
et
al.,
2019).
Arbuscular
mycorrhizal
emerging
crucial
molecules
symbiotic
networks
at
RNA
level
(Silvestri
2019;
Ledford
2024).
Recently,
ckRNAi
was
revealed
to
form
an
essential
component
bidirectional
between
fungi
host
plants,
regulating
crosstalk
symbiosis
immunity,
indicating
sRNA
translocation
occurs
(Qiao
2023).
Furthermore,
it
has
been
observed
arbuscular
cell
invasion
coincides
with
formation
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
membrane
tubules
(Roth
These
findings
interesting,
EVs
have
shown
represent
transfer
pathways
for
(such
double-strand
(dsRNAs),
sRNAs,
mRNAs,
proteins)
during
plant–pathogen
(Cai
2018;
He
2023;
Wang
2024;
Zhang
In
addition,
host-
virus-induced
gene
silencing
approaches
suitable
tools
genes
roots,
supporting
movement
from
root
(Helber
2011;
Kikuchi
2016).
fungi,
potential
role
fungus-to-plant
processes
remained
elusive
until
Silvestri
al.
(2019)
fungus
R.
irregularis
possesses
machinery
generates
many
some
which
were
predicted
target
mRNAs
M.
truncatula.
also
proposed
possibly
participate
symbiosis,
similar
pathogen–plant
interface.
this
study,
(2024)
build
on
their
previous
work
by
conducting
silico
prediction
analysis
identify
its
plant
Through
multiple
assays,
they
achieved
first
experimental
evidence
mediates
through
(Fig.
1a–d),
results
promotion
field
biology,
provides
valuable
insight
into
fungus–plant
communication
inspires
further
research
mechanisms
underlying
symbionts.
The
authors
use
sequence
complementarity
approach
show
Rir2216
is
mRNA
WRKY69
Heterologous
co-expression,
5′
RACE
reactions,
AGO1-immunoprecipitation
assays
demonstrate
direct
interaction
MtWRKY69.
sends
sRNA,
Rir2216,
Medicago
hijacking
MtAGO1
protein-equipped
silence
MtWRKY69
post-transcriptional
1d).
implications
finding
exciting.
As
Nasfi
reported,
beneficial
Serendipita
indica
SisRNAs
translocated
Arabidopsis
hijack
AtAGO1
induce
machinery,
suggesting
model
conserved
interaction.
genetic
manipulation
hampered
fact
obligate
biotrophs
multi-nuclei.
Therefore,
impossible
directly
knockout
genome
present
time.
However,
both
constitutive
conditional
expression
strategies
overexpress
overexpression
resulted
reduced
mycorrhiza
formation.
very
timely.
recent
review,
describe
'the
characteristics
fungal-derived
functional
two
partners
mutually
modulate
control
symbiosis'.
Together,
provide
previously
undescribed
roots
increase
colonization
levels.
A
working
would
be
Rir2216-mediated
knockdown
arbuscule-containing
could
contribute
suppression
immunity
enabling
since
WRKY
transcription
factors
expressed
response
pathogens
(Jiang
2017).
al.'s
rigorous
dissection
pathway
better
methodological
framework
addressing
mechanistic
issues.
This
can
used
validate
involvement
miRNAs
report,
highlight
key
roles
Understanding
trafficking
will
help
us
develop
novel
effectively
promoting
nutrition.
Despite
breakthrough,
mysteries
remain.
Primarily,
whether
vitro
synthetic
artificially
increases
miRNA
via
treatment
(Wang
2016),
leading
accelerated
degradation
transcripts.
Further
investigations
delivers
other
needed
Fig.
Additionally,
precise
functions
largely
unknown
so
far;
indeed,
interesting
create
CRISPR
mutant
lines
order
elucidate
loss
function
efficiently
promotes
Finally,
remains
1d),
extensively
reported
summary,
publication
demonstrates
regulate
promote
sheds
light
how
evolved
colonize
roots.
Moreover,
open
avenues
future.
like
thank
Zoe
Irwin,
Holly
Slater,
Francis
Martin
providing
feedback
manuscript.
grateful
Junliang
assembly
1.
supported
National
Natural
Science
Foundation
China
(nos.:
32370108
32170116).
New
Phytologist
neutral
regard
jurisdictional
claims
maps
any
institutional
affiliations.
Язык: Английский
A pipeline for validation of Serendipita indica effector-like sRNA suggests cross-kingdom communication in the symbiosis with Arabidopsis
Journal of Experimental Botany,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024
Abstract
Bidirectional
communication
between
pathogenic
microbes
and
their
plant
hosts
via
small
(s)RNA-mediated
cross-kingdom
RNA
interference
(ckRNAi)
is
a
key
element
for
successful
host
colonisation.
Whether
mutualistic
fungi
of
the
Serendipitaceae
family,
known
extremely
broad
range,
use
sRNAs
to
colonize
roots
still
under
debate.
To
address
this
question,
we
developed
pipeline
validate
accumulation,
translocation,
activity
fungal
in
post-transcriptional
silencing
Arabidopsis
thaliana
genes.
Using
stem-loop
RT-qPCR,
detected
expression
specific
set
Serendipita
indica
(Si)sRNAs,
targeting
genes
involved
cell
wall
organization,
hormonal
signalling
regulation,
immunity,
gene
regulation.
confirm
these
cells,
SisRNAs
were
transiently
expressed
protoplasts.
Stem-loop
PCR
confirmed
while
qPCR
validated
predicted
target
Furthermore,
ARGONAUTE
1
immunoprecipitation
(AtAGO1-IP)
revealed
loading
into
RNAi
machinery,
suggesting
translocation
SisRNA
from
fungus
root
cells.
In
conclusion,
study
provides
blueprint
rapid
selection
analysis
sRNA
effectors
further
supports
model
Sebacinoid
symbiosis.
Язык: Английский
Messenger and message: Uncovering the roles, rhythm and regulation of extracellular vesicles in plant biotic interactions
Current Opinion in Plant Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
83, С. 102672 - 102672
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
membrane-delimited
nanoparticles
found
in
every
kingdom
of
life
and
known
to
mediate
cell-cell
communication
animal
systems
through
the
trafficking
proteins
nucleic
acids.
Research
into
plant
microbial
EVs
suggests
that
these
have
similar
transport
capacity,
moreover
able
signalling
not
only
within
an
organism
but
also
between
organisms,
acting
plants
their
partners
cross-kingdom
signalling.
Here,
we
review
recent
research
exploring
roles
EVs,
both
microbial,
highlighting
emerging
trends
functional
conservation
species
across
kingdoms,
complemented
by
heterogeneity
EV
subpopulations
at
level
places
as
powerful
regulatory
mechanisms
biotic
interactions.
Язык: Английский